Theileria parva infections
... In eastern Africa, where susceptible animals are being kept in situations of high risk, and separation of buffalo and cattle is not an option, strict tick control must be practised to prevent disease outbreaks. If the cattle are indigenous Zebu-type, endemic stability may be established whereby calv ...
... In eastern Africa, where susceptible animals are being kept in situations of high risk, and separation of buffalo and cattle is not an option, strict tick control must be practised to prevent disease outbreaks. If the cattle are indigenous Zebu-type, endemic stability may be established whereby calv ...
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
... inhalation and requires contact between animals spreading quickly through the group. The disease is characterised by severe inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV 1) also causes infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in the female, and infectious balanoposthitis in the ...
... inhalation and requires contact between animals spreading quickly through the group. The disease is characterised by severe inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV 1) also causes infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in the female, and infectious balanoposthitis in the ...
Transmission of Prions
... replicate and accumulate. This occurs in sheep scrapie, experimental BSE in sheep, vCJD in humans, and experimental mouse scrapie, but not in BSE in cattle [81]. Recent reports suggest that myeloid dendritic cells mediate transport within the lymphoreticular system [82, 83]. Mature B cells (with or ...
... replicate and accumulate. This occurs in sheep scrapie, experimental BSE in sheep, vCJD in humans, and experimental mouse scrapie, but not in BSE in cattle [81]. Recent reports suggest that myeloid dendritic cells mediate transport within the lymphoreticular system [82, 83]. Mature B cells (with or ...
MI1-- : “Modern Plagues”
... Wills, C. 1997. "Yellow Fever, Black Goddess." Their origin, history and future. Flamingo Press, London. This is a very up-to-date and far less gloomy discussion of many modern plagues with a distinct trend toward population biology. A superb paperback though I need to check its availability in the ...
... Wills, C. 1997. "Yellow Fever, Black Goddess." Their origin, history and future. Flamingo Press, London. This is a very up-to-date and far less gloomy discussion of many modern plagues with a distinct trend toward population biology. A superb paperback though I need to check its availability in the ...
Eurosurveillance Weekly, funded by DGV of the European
... who stayed in the natural spa resort of Cestona in the province of Guipúzcoa between 1 and 22 May 1999. The first case was diagnosed on 20 May. By 31 May 1999, two confirmed cases had been diagnosed by legionella urine antigen detection test, there were six suspected cases, and 35 people were being ...
... who stayed in the natural spa resort of Cestona in the province of Guipúzcoa between 1 and 22 May 1999. The first case was diagnosed on 20 May. By 31 May 1999, two confirmed cases had been diagnosed by legionella urine antigen detection test, there were six suspected cases, and 35 people were being ...
Guns, Germs and Steel - International Livestock Research Institute
... before then, constant immigration of healthy peasants from the countryside was necessary to make up for the constant deaths of city dwellers from crowd diseases. Another bonanza was the development of world trade routes, which by Roman times effectively joined the populations of Europe, Asia, and No ...
... before then, constant immigration of healthy peasants from the countryside was necessary to make up for the constant deaths of city dwellers from crowd diseases. Another bonanza was the development of world trade routes, which by Roman times effectively joined the populations of Europe, Asia, and No ...
266 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... – almost all cases occurred in United Kingdom (result of cattle feeding with scrapie*infected sheep parts). – in August 1999, FDA suggested that those who spent ≥ 6 months in United Kingdom from 1980-1996 should not be accepted as blood donors. – young age at onset (average - 28 yrs; no patient > 50 ...
... – almost all cases occurred in United Kingdom (result of cattle feeding with scrapie*infected sheep parts). – in August 1999, FDA suggested that those who spent ≥ 6 months in United Kingdom from 1980-1996 should not be accepted as blood donors. – young age at onset (average - 28 yrs; no patient > 50 ...
Supporting Information S1.
... reminder of the long pre-symptomatic phase of TSE infection. The earliest clinical symptoms were evident at 18 weeks post-exposure with an average of 22 weeks. The 10-fold dilution data for the 15, 21 and terminal groups, although limited in nature, suggest that the levels of infectivity reach a max ...
... reminder of the long pre-symptomatic phase of TSE infection. The earliest clinical symptoms were evident at 18 weeks post-exposure with an average of 22 weeks. The 10-fold dilution data for the 15, 21 and terminal groups, although limited in nature, suggest that the levels of infectivity reach a max ...
Burkholderia Mallei
... Glanders is an infectious disease that is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei. Glanders is primarily a disease affecting horses, but it also affects donkeys and mules and can be naturally contracted by goats, dogs, and cats. Human infection, although not seen in the United States since 1945, ...
... Glanders is an infectious disease that is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei. Glanders is primarily a disease affecting horses, but it also affects donkeys and mules and can be naturally contracted by goats, dogs, and cats. Human infection, although not seen in the United States since 1945, ...
An Analysis of Risks Associated with the Disposal of Deer
... observation. Surveillance of prion-related diseases in humans is in its infancy. The primary routes of exposure in the future are likely to be through hunting and the consumption of CWD-contaminated venison and elk. To date, test-tube experiments in which normal human prion protein is exposed to ...
... observation. Surveillance of prion-related diseases in humans is in its infancy. The primary routes of exposure in the future are likely to be through hunting and the consumption of CWD-contaminated venison and elk. To date, test-tube experiments in which normal human prion protein is exposed to ...
Infectious disease epidemiology
... A case may also be a risk factor People may be immune A case may be a source without being recognized as a case There is sometimes a need for ...
... A case may also be a risk factor People may be immune A case may be a source without being recognized as a case There is sometimes a need for ...
doc ENVR 202
... ii. How do the life history traits affect where species exist and their effects? iii. Why have we observed the patterns of epidemics/outbreaks that have( or have not) occurred? 1. In terms of natural selection!! 1|Page ...
... ii. How do the life history traits affect where species exist and their effects? iii. Why have we observed the patterns of epidemics/outbreaks that have( or have not) occurred? 1. In terms of natural selection!! 1|Page ...
Causes of disease
... • Pinkeye happens when enough causes are present to result in disease • Not every cause will be present at any one time – Always have the bacteria present – May have different combination of other causes ...
... • Pinkeye happens when enough causes are present to result in disease • Not every cause will be present at any one time – Always have the bacteria present – May have different combination of other causes ...
Disease Detectives 2014 Terms AGENT: A factor such as a
... CLUSTER: An aggregation (group) of cases of a disease or other health-related condition, particularly cancer and birth defects, which are closely grouped in time and place. The number of cases may or may not exceed the expected number; frequently the expected number is not known. CONTAMINATION: to b ...
... CLUSTER: An aggregation (group) of cases of a disease or other health-related condition, particularly cancer and birth defects, which are closely grouped in time and place. The number of cases may or may not exceed the expected number; frequently the expected number is not known. CONTAMINATION: to b ...
Internal Medicine - Infectious Diseases
... The Infectious Diseases rotation is designed to provide the trainee an educational experience in the common infectious problems experienced by patients. An evidence-based approach to infectious disease problems is stressed through one on one teaching by the infectious diseases faculty, through small ...
... The Infectious Diseases rotation is designed to provide the trainee an educational experience in the common infectious problems experienced by patients. An evidence-based approach to infectious disease problems is stressed through one on one teaching by the infectious diseases faculty, through small ...
bovine cardiovascular problems
... Infection is usually inapparent and persistent and invokes an ...
... Infection is usually inapparent and persistent and invokes an ...
Tyzzer`s Disease - Potomac Wildlife!
... Tyzzer’s disease has been reported in North America and Australia. The disease has been reported in muskrats in Connecticut, Maryland, Ohio, Iowa, Michigan, Idaho, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Montana, and Oregon in the United States, and Ontario, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba in Canada. Tyzze ...
... Tyzzer’s disease has been reported in North America and Australia. The disease has been reported in muskrats in Connecticut, Maryland, Ohio, Iowa, Michigan, Idaho, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Montana, and Oregon in the United States, and Ontario, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba in Canada. Tyzze ...
EPB PHC 6000 EPIDEMIOLOGY FALL, 1997
... However, for some infectious diseases, such as measles, once a person has had the disease, he/she will never get it again, even if exposed in the middle of an epidemic. Thus, in terms of measuring incidence, not everyone is “at risk” of developing the disease. ...
... However, for some infectious diseases, such as measles, once a person has had the disease, he/she will never get it again, even if exposed in the middle of an epidemic. Thus, in terms of measuring incidence, not everyone is “at risk” of developing the disease. ...
Biosecurity & Disaster Preparedness
... Possible Human Caused Disasters: Traffic Terrorism & Bioterrorism Power outages Explosions Hazardous material spills ...
... Possible Human Caused Disasters: Traffic Terrorism & Bioterrorism Power outages Explosions Hazardous material spills ...
... herds is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1 in serum samples from 1,161 non-vaccinated cows from 59 dairy cattle herds in 23 municipalities of the Metropolitan, North, Northwest and South macroregions. The identification of seropositive cows was ...
Lyme Disease: Epidemiology - CDC Division of Vector
... Lyme disease, and identifies areas of potential disease emergence. Click on the map at right for the epidemiological distribution of reported cases of Lyme disease in 1997, the latest year for which complete data are available. Lyme disease surveillance case definition: State and local public health ...
... Lyme disease, and identifies areas of potential disease emergence. Click on the map at right for the epidemiological distribution of reported cases of Lyme disease in 1997, the latest year for which complete data are available. Lyme disease surveillance case definition: State and local public health ...
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) and Gastrointestinal
... There are currently scant data available to address this issue adequately. Lymphoid tissue in experimental models of prion disease are on average 1 ± 2 logs less infective than the brain and spinal cord [27]. Information on the infectivity of intestinal tissue from vCJD patients is currently not ava ...
... There are currently scant data available to address this issue adequately. Lymphoid tissue in experimental models of prion disease are on average 1 ± 2 logs less infective than the brain and spinal cord [27]. Information on the infectivity of intestinal tissue from vCJD patients is currently not ava ...
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease (encephalopathy) in cattle that causes a spongy degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. BSE has a long incubation period, about 2.5 to 8 years, usually affecting adult cattle at a peak age onset of four to five years, all breeds being equally susceptible. BSE is caused by a misfolded protein--a prion. In the United Kingdom, the country worst affected, more than 180,000 cattle have been infected and 4.4 million slaughtered during the eradication program.The disease may be most easily transmitted to human beings by eating food contaminated with the brain, spinal cord or digestive tract of infected carcasses. However, the infectious agent, although most highly concentrated in nervous tissue, can be found in virtually all tissues throughout the body, including blood. In humans, it is known as new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD or nvCJD), and by June 2014 it had killed 177 people in the United Kingdom, and 52 elsewhere. Between 460,000 and 482,000 BSE-infected animals had entered the human food chain before controls on high-risk offal were introduced in 1989.A British and Irish inquiry into BSE concluded the epizootic was caused by cattle, which are normally herbivores, being fed the remains of other cattle in the form of meat and bone meal (MBM), which caused the infectious agent to spread. The cause of BSE may be from the contamination of MBM from sheep with scrapie that were processed in the same slaughterhouse. The epidemic was probably accelerated by the recycling of infected bovine tissues prior to the recognition of BSE. The origin of the disease itself remains unknown. The infectious agent is distinctive for the high temperatures at which it remains viable, over 600 °C (about 1100 °F). This contributed to the spread of the disease in the United Kingdom, which had reduced the temperatures used during its rendering process. Another contributory factor was the feeding of infected protein supplements to very young calves.