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... programme is in place is a good place to start • So how do shelters like the RSPCA prevent a disease catastrophe with all the animals and people in the one place ? ...
TSE Jan 14 guidelines - York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation
TSE Jan 14 guidelines - York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation

... prion diseases, are rare, fatal, degenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), that occur in humans and certain other mammals. There are several recognised TSEs, including Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and scrapie in ...
Test - Scioly.org
Test - Scioly.org

... 30. These Campylobacter cases originated from the cross-contamination of raw poultry. Food handlers at Cacough were confused as to how this might occur, since they always washed their hands before and after handling ingredients. Describe 2 other food-handling practices that food handlers might follo ...
Communicable Disease Control in NC: The Laws, Principles, and
Communicable Disease Control in NC: The Laws, Principles, and

... – When necessary for control of a disease representing a significant public health hazard [GS 130A-143(4) and rule .0211] – When information is collected by a person other than a physician or nurse, it may not be protectable – Others as specified in GS 130A-143 ...
Microsoft document.
Microsoft document.

... 37. Human Host ...
AN INTRODUCTION TO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL ON FARMS (BIOSECURITY) A BAMN Publication
AN INTRODUCTION TO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL ON FARMS (BIOSECURITY) A BAMN Publication

... Infectious diseases introduced onto an operation can have a devastating effect on cash flow and equity. Tuberculosis, brucellosis, Johne's disease, and Bovine Virus Diarrhea (BVD) are examples of infectious diseases that can severely affect the viability of a cattle enterprise. Adverse effects of in ...
Livestock diseases following floods
Livestock diseases following floods

... causes deformities such as limb malformations and brain lesions in calves. Diagnosis cannot be made until a calf is born. There is no successful treatment or means of control. In an area known to be endemic, breeding stock should be introduced to the area at an early age to gain immunity prior to jo ...
Essential Forces in Protein Folding
Essential Forces in Protein Folding

... recognition by interacting with molecules such as substrates, receptors, signaling proteins and cell surface adhesion molecules. • When proteins do not fold correctly (misfolding) there can be serious health consequences, including many well known diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Mad Cow (Bovine spong ...
On motion of Mr. Street, Whereas a difference of
On motion of Mr. Street, Whereas a difference of

... Whereas a difference of -oDinion exists as to the present site of the Lazaretto for the reception and confinement elf the persons in the north eastern section of the Province, afflicted, or supposed to be afflicted, with the disease called the Leprosy, being the proper one, and also as to the best m ...
BIOSECURITY ON DAIRIES A BAMN Publication
BIOSECURITY ON DAIRIES A BAMN Publication

... For example, dairy operations selling semen or embryos are much more concerned about bovine leukosis (BLV) and bluetongue because of international trade restrictions for these diseases. For commercial dairies, diseases resulting in production losses or premature culling (contagious mastitis, Johne’s ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... •Colostrum /Milk if dam has advanced clinical disease •In utero ( if cow has advanced clinical disease, 20 -50 of foetuses will be infected) ...
Epidemiology Midterm, Spring `01
Epidemiology Midterm, Spring `01

... 16. The “natural history of disease” refers to: a. the progress of a disease in an individual over time ** b. the period between exposure and first symptoms c. the period from first symptoms to recovery, disability, or death d. the broad scope of manifestations of a disease in different individuals ...
In this session we will talk about
In this session we will talk about

... 1. Write down some approaches to control of ND and indicate how each control method is effective (what cause does it prevent) • Do not sell or give away birds that are sick or have died suddenly • Don’t bring anything from an infected farm to your farm (feathers, eggs, birds, carcasses, feed, equipm ...
(ME) Infectious Deaths Surveillance
(ME) Infectious Deaths Surveillance

... In 2006, the MN Department of Health (MDH) began an ME infectious deaths surveillance program (MED-X). This supplemented an existing Unexplained Deaths (UNEX) program targeted at young healthy people. MED-X was conducted at the MN Regional ME Office, which covers 7 counties (14.3% of state populatio ...
Standard Precautions - University of Illinois Agricultural Education
Standard Precautions - University of Illinois Agricultural Education

... cleaning cages occupied by animals with infectious diseases or handling the carcass of an animal that has died of a potential infectious/zoonotic disease. Additional protection in the form of a mask, eye protection or respirators, may be necessary depending on the circumstances and disease. Limit th ...
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE (CWD)
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE (CWD)

... 1. Anonymous. 2001. Chronic wasting disease- USA: Test. Environmental News Network, 12. Dec. 2001. 2. Anonymous. 2003. Chronic wasting disease herd certification program and interstate movement of captive deer and elk. US Department of Agriculture, Federal Register 68: 247, pp 74513-74529. 3. Anonym ...
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE - PROTECTING SCOTLAND`S DEER
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE - PROTECTING SCOTLAND`S DEER

... of wild and farmed deer. Red deer are also susceptible. CWD affects only deer and at present CWD is restricted to the United States of America and Canada. CWD is caused by a prion and belongs to the same group of diseases as scrapie, which affects sheep and goats, and ‘mad cow disease’ (bovine spong ...
Blackleg and Other Clostridial Diseases (Livestock Health Series
Blackleg and Other Clostridial Diseases (Livestock Health Series

... and acid-base imbalance. Antitoxins and a broadspectrum antibiotic are indicated. However, animals may die regardless of treatment. Prevention is achieved through herd vaccination and consistent control of the animal’s diet. Cows should be initially vaccinated at 60 and 30 days before calving and th ...
Pregnancy Loss in Beef Cattle - NMSU ACES
Pregnancy Loss in Beef Cattle - NMSU ACES

... be present in fetal fluids, milk, and semen. Many strains of brucellosis are present in the U.S., and multiple species of animals are affected, such as cattle, sheep, goats, swine, dogs, and wildlife, with some cross-species contamination occuring. A high rate of abortion may occur in susceptible he ...
Claudio Viscoli is Professor of Infectious Disease at the University of
Claudio Viscoli is Professor of Infectious Disease at the University of

... chapters and monographs in Italian, English and Spanish, mainly in the field of infection in immunocompromised hosts, including the chapter on empirical therapy of febrile neutropenia in the 6th , 7th and 8th edition of the Principle and Practice of Infectious Diseases textbook (Mandell, Douglas & B ...
Studies on the transmission of natural scrapie in an infected flock
Studies on the transmission of natural scrapie in an infected flock

... These types of diseases are known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and are believed to be caused by prion protein (PrP). Prion protein is found naturally in the cells of the body but something causes the natural prion protein (PrPc) to change into a disease specific prion protein ...
Concepts of Health and Disease
Concepts of Health and Disease

...  An antigen is short for “Antibody Generator”.  An antigen is the microbe that caused the formation of an antibody.  Common antigens are microbes, venom, toxins, and cellular proteins. ...
A New Look At Lyme Disease
A New Look At Lyme Disease

... infectious medicine when a number of cases were identified in 1975 near the town of Lyme, Connecticut (hence its name). In 1981 a specific tick carrying the Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria was incriminated as the causative agent, and since then it is recognized that Lyme disease is the most common tic ...
Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Immune Response
Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Immune Response

... In this part of the activity, you will interact with two other students. To interact with another student, pour all of your solution into your partner’s cup, then have your partner pour half of the mixed solution into your cup. Then move to another part of the classroom and interact with a second st ...
Morgellons Disease and GMO
Morgellons Disease and GMO

... officials, Congress, and the media regarding this condition. Persons who suffer from this condition report a range of coetaneous symptoms including crawling, biting and stinging sensations; granules, threads or black speck-like materials on or beneath the skin; and/or lesions (e.g., rashes or sores) ...
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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy



Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease (encephalopathy) in cattle that causes a spongy degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. BSE has a long incubation period, about 2.5 to 8 years, usually affecting adult cattle at a peak age onset of four to five years, all breeds being equally susceptible. BSE is caused by a misfolded protein--a prion. In the United Kingdom, the country worst affected, more than 180,000 cattle have been infected and 4.4 million slaughtered during the eradication program.The disease may be most easily transmitted to human beings by eating food contaminated with the brain, spinal cord or digestive tract of infected carcasses. However, the infectious agent, although most highly concentrated in nervous tissue, can be found in virtually all tissues throughout the body, including blood. In humans, it is known as new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD or nvCJD), and by June 2014 it had killed 177 people in the United Kingdom, and 52 elsewhere. Between 460,000 and 482,000 BSE-infected animals had entered the human food chain before controls on high-risk offal were introduced in 1989.A British and Irish inquiry into BSE concluded the epizootic was caused by cattle, which are normally herbivores, being fed the remains of other cattle in the form of meat and bone meal (MBM), which caused the infectious agent to spread. The cause of BSE may be from the contamination of MBM from sheep with scrapie that were processed in the same slaughterhouse. The epidemic was probably accelerated by the recycling of infected bovine tissues prior to the recognition of BSE. The origin of the disease itself remains unknown. The infectious agent is distinctive for the high temperatures at which it remains viable, over 600 °C (about 1100 °F). This contributed to the spread of the disease in the United Kingdom, which had reduced the temperatures used during its rendering process. Another contributory factor was the feeding of infected protein supplements to very young calves.
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