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Business Research Methods William G. Zikmund
... • Systematic error results from some imperfect aspect of the research design or from a mistake in the execution of the ...
... • Systematic error results from some imperfect aspect of the research design or from a mistake in the execution of the ...
Social Perception Slides
... Infer causation by considering by considering situational and behavioral cues (this process is often insufficient to offset dispositional bias) ...
... Infer causation by considering by considering situational and behavioral cues (this process is often insufficient to offset dispositional bias) ...
Social Psychology
... Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, conducted a study focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. He examined justifications for acts of genocide offered by those accused at the World War II, Nuremberg War Crimes trials. Their defence often was ba ...
... Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, conducted a study focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. He examined justifications for acts of genocide offered by those accused at the World War II, Nuremberg War Crimes trials. Their defence often was ba ...
Social Psychology
... • Potential harm especially if person is hurt by the discovery of a potential behavior or the fact of being duped. • Anger of participants and potential contamination of other studies once deception is known. • Assessing the efficacy of deception ...
... • Potential harm especially if person is hurt by the discovery of a potential behavior or the fact of being duped. • Anger of participants and potential contamination of other studies once deception is known. • Assessing the efficacy of deception ...
Evaluate research on conformity to group norms
... The first study is Asch’s study in 1951, which shows that people would side with the group that they know, is wrong just to fit into their environment. The researchers first had the participants compare the lengths of lines shown. There was one clear correct answer, but there are also a few spy rese ...
... The first study is Asch’s study in 1951, which shows that people would side with the group that they know, is wrong just to fit into their environment. The researchers first had the participants compare the lengths of lines shown. There was one clear correct answer, but there are also a few spy rese ...
Broadening the Lens of Stereotype and Bias
... Salvatore, & Trawalter, 2005). The results revealed that, ironically, Black people had more positive impressions of White people who had stronger negative implicit attitudes toward Black people. Apparently, those with more implicit negative attitudes were more likely to compensate for their bias and ...
... Salvatore, & Trawalter, 2005). The results revealed that, ironically, Black people had more positive impressions of White people who had stronger negative implicit attitudes toward Black people. Apparently, those with more implicit negative attitudes were more likely to compensate for their bias and ...
Chapter 12 Nelson & Quick
... Operate legitimately within others’ ethical points of view Avoid rationalizing “borderline” actions with excuses Refuse to violate fundamental values Be open and above board ...
... Operate legitimately within others’ ethical points of view Avoid rationalizing “borderline” actions with excuses Refuse to violate fundamental values Be open and above board ...
Chapter 7
... Selective Attention Attention – process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone ...
... Selective Attention Attention – process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone ...
Chapter 12 Nelson & Quick
... Operate legitimately within others’ ethical points of view Avoid rationalizing “borderline” actions with excuses Refuse to violate fundamental values Be open and aboveboard ...
... Operate legitimately within others’ ethical points of view Avoid rationalizing “borderline” actions with excuses Refuse to violate fundamental values Be open and aboveboard ...
cognitive dissonance
... – $1 group rated the task as far more fun than the $20 group – each group needed a justification for lying • $20 group had an external justification of money • since $1 isn’t very much money, $1 group said task was fun ...
... – $1 group rated the task as far more fun than the $20 group – each group needed a justification for lying • $20 group had an external justification of money • since $1 isn’t very much money, $1 group said task was fun ...
PREVALENCE AND CORRELATIONS OF BIASES IN MANAGERIAL
... We all make decisions every day. However, we do not always explore every detail and evaluate all possibilities before arriving at a conclusion. Thus, our decision making processes may not always yield optimal solutions. 1 Researchers have identified several biases as the causes of suboptimal decisio ...
... We all make decisions every day. However, we do not always explore every detail and evaluate all possibilities before arriving at a conclusion. Thus, our decision making processes may not always yield optimal solutions. 1 Researchers have identified several biases as the causes of suboptimal decisio ...
Psychology - Wando High School
... designed to solve specific practical problems Rather than expanding the scientific knowledge base of psychology. ◦ Organizational Psychologists ◦ Educational Psychologists ...
... designed to solve specific practical problems Rather than expanding the scientific knowledge base of psychology. ◦ Organizational Psychologists ◦ Educational Psychologists ...
Conformity and Obedience
... assume she is mean. You see her at the mall one day and she’s laughing with friends – you are shocked. ...
... assume she is mean. You see her at the mall one day and she’s laughing with friends – you are shocked. ...
Social Behavior Presentation
... becoming more aware of, and correcting this error, change our understanding of others’ behavior? How do assumptions, such as defensive attribution and the just-world hypothesis, influence our sense of control over our lives? How could we correct these but still feel in control? The way we perceive o ...
... becoming more aware of, and correcting this error, change our understanding of others’ behavior? How do assumptions, such as defensive attribution and the just-world hypothesis, influence our sense of control over our lives? How could we correct these but still feel in control? The way we perceive o ...
Sport Psychology: History
... stable over time and impact attitudes, perceptions and behavior. Values prompt people to prefer things be done in a particular way. Strong values drive behavior. Two types of values are (a) instrumental and (b) end values. ...
... stable over time and impact attitudes, perceptions and behavior. Values prompt people to prefer things be done in a particular way. Strong values drive behavior. Two types of values are (a) instrumental and (b) end values. ...
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
... 13.3 Identify the four components of attitude change and describe the elaborationlikelihood model used to explain the cognitions of individuals whose attitudes are being changed. 13.4 Describe six techniques to induce attitude change. 13.5 Explain why people seek to maintain consistency between thei ...
... 13.3 Identify the four components of attitude change and describe the elaborationlikelihood model used to explain the cognitions of individuals whose attitudes are being changed. 13.4 Describe six techniques to induce attitude change. 13.5 Explain why people seek to maintain consistency between thei ...
session five- social psychology part one
... Fundamental Attribution Error • Fundamental attribution error: the tendency as an observer to overestimate dispositional influences (internal causes) and underestimate situational influences (external causes) upon others’ behavior than for one’s own behaviours. ...
... Fundamental Attribution Error • Fundamental attribution error: the tendency as an observer to overestimate dispositional influences (internal causes) and underestimate situational influences (external causes) upon others’ behavior than for one’s own behaviours. ...
Response to George Johnson`s Review of The Universe in a Single
... Scientists have established that specific neural processes are necessary for producing specific conscious mental processes in humans and some other animals. In this way, correlations have been identified between brain and mind processes. Brain processes are detected with the third-person methods of ...
... Scientists have established that specific neural processes are necessary for producing specific conscious mental processes in humans and some other animals. In this way, correlations have been identified between brain and mind processes. Brain processes are detected with the third-person methods of ...
Social Psych Powerpoint
... • What is beautiful is good – Essay by attractive author judged better than that by unattractive author – Attractive children judged as having greater intelligence/ academic potential than unattractive children ...
... • What is beautiful is good – Essay by attractive author judged better than that by unattractive author – Attractive children judged as having greater intelligence/ academic potential than unattractive children ...
Document
... Self-Serving / Egocentric Bias: a mechanism designed to preserve self-esteem. We take credit for positive / deny responsibility for negative. Fundamental Attribution Error: Overvalue the influence of internal factors / undervalue external ...
... Self-Serving / Egocentric Bias: a mechanism designed to preserve self-esteem. We take credit for positive / deny responsibility for negative. Fundamental Attribution Error: Overvalue the influence of internal factors / undervalue external ...
Agenda 3.4 Balance Theory P-O-X Theory (or Balance theory
... • Cognitive dissonance refers to unpleasant state when attitude and behavior are inconsistent Causes people to rationalize their behavior and bring their attitude into line with actions Why does Cognitive Dissonance Theory happen? • Effort Justification: People seek to justify and rationalize any su ...
... • Cognitive dissonance refers to unpleasant state when attitude and behavior are inconsistent Causes people to rationalize their behavior and bring their attitude into line with actions Why does Cognitive Dissonance Theory happen? • Effort Justification: People seek to justify and rationalize any su ...
Social Behavior - Options
... • The learners were actually in on the experiment and were not shocked at all • When Milgram repeated his experiment with different groups of people and different settings, he found that at least half of all participants continued with the experiment • Many showed signs of discomfort and distress, b ...
... • The learners were actually in on the experiment and were not shocked at all • When Milgram repeated his experiment with different groups of people and different settings, he found that at least half of all participants continued with the experiment • Many showed signs of discomfort and distress, b ...
chapter summary – chapter 14
... of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors. Selfserving bias describes how individuals attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for personal failure on external factors. Three shortcuts used in judging others include assumed si ...
... of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors. Selfserving bias describes how individuals attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for personal failure on external factors. Three shortcuts used in judging others include assumed si ...
Introspection illusion
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Iceberg_2_1997_08_07.jpg?width=300)
The introspection illusion is a cognitive bias in which people wrongly think they have direct insight into the origins of their mental states, while treating others' introspections as unreliable. In certain situations, this illusion leads people to make confident but false explanations of their own behavior (called ""causal theories"") or inaccurate predictions of their future mental states.The illusion has been examined in psychological experiments, and suggested as a basis for biases in how people compare themselves to others. These experiments have been interpreted as suggesting that, rather than offering direct access to the processes underlying mental states, introspection is a process of construction and inference, much as people indirectly infer others' mental states from their behavior.When people mistake unreliable introspection for genuine self-knowledge, the result can be an illusion of superiority over other people, for example when each person thinks they are less biased and less conformist than the rest of the group. Even when experimental subjects are provided with reports of other subjects' introspections, in as detailed a form as possible, they still rate those other introspections as unreliable while treating their own as reliable. Although the hypothesis of an introspection illusion informs some psychological research, the existing evidence is arguably inadequate to decide how reliable introspection is in normal circumstances. Correction for the bias may be possible through education about the bias and its unconscious nature.