ASSEMBLAGES: Evidence from the Fossil Record
... energy, turbidity, and chemistry, all of which may be independently recorded in physical and chemical features of the associated sediments. The term has been applied less often to terrestrial deposits, although it is equally useful there, where the flora or fauna is constrained by sedimentary charac ...
... energy, turbidity, and chemistry, all of which may be independently recorded in physical and chemical features of the associated sediments. The term has been applied less often to terrestrial deposits, although it is equally useful there, where the flora or fauna is constrained by sedimentary charac ...
Plant species traits are the predominant control on litter
... among vascular functional groups (Fig. 3). Woody deciduous species – generally faster-return plants with shorter individual leaf lives than woody evergreens (Reich et al. 1997) – produced litter that decomposed 60% faster than woody evergreen species. This was true whether the evergreen species incl ...
... among vascular functional groups (Fig. 3). Woody deciduous species – generally faster-return plants with shorter individual leaf lives than woody evergreens (Reich et al. 1997) – produced litter that decomposed 60% faster than woody evergreen species. This was true whether the evergreen species incl ...
Species Selection: Theory and Data
... level, organismic attributes such as body size or metabolic rate can promote broad-sense species selection as readily as species-level attributes such as geographic range or genetic population structure (emergent traits; see below). The key requirements are that (a) a trait exhibits little or no var ...
... level, organismic attributes such as body size or metabolic rate can promote broad-sense species selection as readily as species-level attributes such as geographic range or genetic population structure (emergent traits; see below). The key requirements are that (a) a trait exhibits little or no var ...
ASSEMBLAGES: Evidence from the Fossil Record
... energy, turbidity, and chemistry, all of which may be independently recorded in physical and chemical features of the associated sediments. The term has been applied less often to terrestrial deposits, although it is equally useful there, where the flora or fauna is constrained by sedimentary charac ...
... energy, turbidity, and chemistry, all of which may be independently recorded in physical and chemical features of the associated sediments. The term has been applied less often to terrestrial deposits, although it is equally useful there, where the flora or fauna is constrained by sedimentary charac ...
synthesis and review of the best available scientific studies on
... been suggested that the apparent increase in catch was sustained by serial depletions of previously unexploited and inaccessible stocks28. Serial expansion and depletion of seamount fisheries is also suggested by an increase, since the 1970s, in the catches of non-pelagic fishes from seamounts that ...
... been suggested that the apparent increase in catch was sustained by serial depletions of previously unexploited and inaccessible stocks28. Serial expansion and depletion of seamount fisheries is also suggested by an increase, since the 1970s, in the catches of non-pelagic fishes from seamounts that ...
Preview Sample 2
... are a favorite food of immigrants from China, and live fish can frequently be found in Asian markets. It's suspected that the fish in the Crofton pond were purchased locally and then intentionally released. Snakeheads are top predators, and 90% of the northern snakeheads' diet consists of other fish ...
... are a favorite food of immigrants from China, and live fish can frequently be found in Asian markets. It's suspected that the fish in the Crofton pond were purchased locally and then intentionally released. Snakeheads are top predators, and 90% of the northern snakeheads' diet consists of other fish ...
chapt13_lecture
... can grow heights of over 100 feet • It is found mainly in the Pacific on the coasts of North and South America • This species forms thick forests that serve as a MAJOR ocean ecosystem in the areas where it is found ...
... can grow heights of over 100 feet • It is found mainly in the Pacific on the coasts of North and South America • This species forms thick forests that serve as a MAJOR ocean ecosystem in the areas where it is found ...
Use of Riparian Corridors and Vineyards by Mammalian Predators
... Kubeš 1996; Bennett 1999; Perault & Lomolino 2000), defined as strips of habitat that connect two or more large patches of otherwise disjunct habitat (Soulé 1991). Many habitat corridors, both de facto and planned, encompass riparian zones, which are natural elements in the landscape that guide an ...
... Kubeš 1996; Bennett 1999; Perault & Lomolino 2000), defined as strips of habitat that connect two or more large patches of otherwise disjunct habitat (Soulé 1991). Many habitat corridors, both de facto and planned, encompass riparian zones, which are natural elements in the landscape that guide an ...
Ecological Integrity
... “ecological integrity” means, with respect to a park, a condition that is determined to be characteristic of its natural region and likely to persist, including abiotic components and the composition and abundance of native species and biological communities, rates of change and supporting processes ...
... “ecological integrity” means, with respect to a park, a condition that is determined to be characteristic of its natural region and likely to persist, including abiotic components and the composition and abundance of native species and biological communities, rates of change and supporting processes ...
Dynamics of ecological communities in variable environments
... The environment that affects the population dynamics of species is naturally variable and unpredictable. Usually there is a wide spectrum of environmental variables that can change both temporally and spatially, such as climatic factors (Ruokolainen et al. 2009). Variation in the environment can aff ...
... The environment that affects the population dynamics of species is naturally variable and unpredictable. Usually there is a wide spectrum of environmental variables that can change both temporally and spatially, such as climatic factors (Ruokolainen et al. 2009). Variation in the environment can aff ...
DIVERSITY HYPOTHESIS
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
Cradle or museum?
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
Habitat and habitat selection: theory, tests, and implications.
... using a variety of methods in moderately patchy landscapes. Hirzel’s idea of substituting spatial for temporal variation in a species’ abundances across habitats holds much promise for quickly gauging habitat suitability. The litmus test will be when we evaluate whether these methods predict habitat ...
... using a variety of methods in moderately patchy landscapes. Hirzel’s idea of substituting spatial for temporal variation in a species’ abundances across habitats holds much promise for quickly gauging habitat suitability. The litmus test will be when we evaluate whether these methods predict habitat ...
Places and Regions Standards
... perceptions of a place that are based on direct sources (e.g., visiting the place, multiple visits, or residing in the place). Describe students’ possible stereotypical perceptions of US regions (e.g., the West as open and sprawling region, the East Coast as densely populated and noisy, the South ...
... perceptions of a place that are based on direct sources (e.g., visiting the place, multiple visits, or residing in the place). Describe students’ possible stereotypical perceptions of US regions (e.g., the West as open and sprawling region, the East Coast as densely populated and noisy, the South ...
Progress in wetland restoration ecology
... of restoration and because standards for evaluating project For example, degradation and restoration have been deoutcomes are uneven3. Here, I consider recent progress in picted as straight arrows proceeding in opposite directions understanding how both biodiversity and functions along parallel path ...
... of restoration and because standards for evaluating project For example, degradation and restoration have been deoutcomes are uneven3. Here, I consider recent progress in picted as straight arrows proceeding in opposite directions understanding how both biodiversity and functions along parallel path ...
frogwatch teachers` guide to frogs as indicators of
... act as natural filters to keep Canada's water pure. Declines in frog populations may indicate ecological problems in an ecosystem that should be investigated for wider impacts on other species including humans. Although small and often unseen, frogs are abundant and play an important role in ecosyst ...
... act as natural filters to keep Canada's water pure. Declines in frog populations may indicate ecological problems in an ecosystem that should be investigated for wider impacts on other species including humans. Although small and often unseen, frogs are abundant and play an important role in ecosyst ...
Invasions: the trail behind, the path ahead, and a test
... search for traits that make species good invaders, or that make ecosystems susceptible to invasion, are yielding idiosyncratic results. To move forward, we advocate a more synthetic approach that incorporates a range of different types of information about the introduced species and the communities ...
... search for traits that make species good invaders, or that make ecosystems susceptible to invasion, are yielding idiosyncratic results. To move forward, we advocate a more synthetic approach that incorporates a range of different types of information about the introduced species and the communities ...
Environmental Science
... Terrestrial Biomes & Aquatic Ecosystems Project Objective: Students will create presentations that demonstrate and explain the abiotic and biotic conditions present in terrestrial and aquatic biomes. General Instructions: o Students may work alone or in pairs. o Design & create an informational pres ...
... Terrestrial Biomes & Aquatic Ecosystems Project Objective: Students will create presentations that demonstrate and explain the abiotic and biotic conditions present in terrestrial and aquatic biomes. General Instructions: o Students may work alone or in pairs. o Design & create an informational pres ...
Foliar elemental composition of European forest tree species
... elemental composition and stoichiometry. Forest type and current climatic conditions also partially explained the differences in foliar elemental composition among species. In the same genus co-occurring species had overall higher differences in foliar elemental composition and stoichiometry than th ...
... elemental composition and stoichiometry. Forest type and current climatic conditions also partially explained the differences in foliar elemental composition among species. In the same genus co-occurring species had overall higher differences in foliar elemental composition and stoichiometry than th ...
Evolutionary determinants of morphological polymorphism
... the most extreme members of discrete social insect castes (Wilson 1975). Moreover, the number and frequency of different types of polymorphs can vary from colony to colony both within and among species. The various types of polymorphs differ from autozooids by giving up one or more basic tasks to sp ...
... the most extreme members of discrete social insect castes (Wilson 1975). Moreover, the number and frequency of different types of polymorphs can vary from colony to colony both within and among species. The various types of polymorphs differ from autozooids by giving up one or more basic tasks to sp ...
“Ecology and the Environment” Handbook in Philosophy of Biology
... When one visits a tropical forest, one may be struck by the sense it a well-ordered household, in which it seems that each species seems to keep within a relatively limited bounds in abundance. One may further be struck by the chains of interdependence among species. For instance, epiphytes attached ...
... When one visits a tropical forest, one may be struck by the sense it a well-ordered household, in which it seems that each species seems to keep within a relatively limited bounds in abundance. One may further be struck by the chains of interdependence among species. For instance, epiphytes attached ...
The Use of Extant Non-Indigenous Tortoises as a Restoration Tool
... The Mascarene Islands were home to five endemic species of giant tortoises, Cylindraspis triserrata and C. inepta on Mauritius, C. vosmaeri and C. peltastes on Rodrigues, and C. indica on Réunion. The occurrence of two distinct shell morphologies suggests differential niche exploitation (Arnold 197 ...
... The Mascarene Islands were home to five endemic species of giant tortoises, Cylindraspis triserrata and C. inepta on Mauritius, C. vosmaeri and C. peltastes on Rodrigues, and C. indica on Réunion. The occurrence of two distinct shell morphologies suggests differential niche exploitation (Arnold 197 ...
The relationships between net primary productivity, human
... Gaston, in press). I also calculated the mean NPP for each park (sampling grain was 4 km2) and correlated this with park size to determine if high productivity parks were mostly small. Correlations between human development and species richness and NPP do not identify the extent of spatial conflict ...
... Gaston, in press). I also calculated the mean NPP for each park (sampling grain was 4 km2) and correlated this with park size to determine if high productivity parks were mostly small. Correlations between human development and species richness and NPP do not identify the extent of spatial conflict ...
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.