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Has the ghost of competition passed?
... effects arise from constant habitat-dependent competition. The habitat effect is easily estimated from census data by the use of habitat isodars (lines along which expected fitness is identical in both habitats). The isodar solutions not only reveal the ghost of competition, they can be used as a co ...
... effects arise from constant habitat-dependent competition. The habitat effect is easily estimated from census data by the use of habitat isodars (lines along which expected fitness is identical in both habitats). The isodar solutions not only reveal the ghost of competition, they can be used as a co ...
Semester 1 Course Review
... 1. How do seismic waves provide a detailed picture of Earth’s interior? 2. What are the names of the internal layers of the Earth and what is the composition of each layer? 3. How does the outer core produce the Earth’s magnetic field? 4. How is heat transferred from the core to the crust? 5. Who co ...
... 1. How do seismic waves provide a detailed picture of Earth’s interior? 2. What are the names of the internal layers of the Earth and what is the composition of each layer? 3. How does the outer core produce the Earth’s magnetic field? 4. How is heat transferred from the core to the crust? 5. Who co ...
- New Zealand Ecological Society
... Abstract: The ecological restoration of Tiritiri Matangi Island is a community-driven initiative that has captured the interest of the international conservation movement. Ecological restoration commonly focuses on the establishment and maintenance of functioning indigenous ecosystems through the co ...
... Abstract: The ecological restoration of Tiritiri Matangi Island is a community-driven initiative that has captured the interest of the international conservation movement. Ecological restoration commonly focuses on the establishment and maintenance of functioning indigenous ecosystems through the co ...
The elephant in the room: the role of failed invasions
... study of species that successfully invaded (i.e. invasive alien species) after introduction to a new range, and during the past decades invasion biologists have collected numerous case studies of successful invasions (Richardson and Pyšek 2008, MacIsaac et al. 2011). This focus on successful invader ...
... study of species that successfully invaded (i.e. invasive alien species) after introduction to a new range, and during the past decades invasion biologists have collected numerous case studies of successful invasions (Richardson and Pyšek 2008, MacIsaac et al. 2011). This focus on successful invader ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Introduction In recent years, amphibians have been the focus of important conservation efforts owing to severe population reductions and even extinction in many species (Houlahan et al., 2000; Stuart et al., 2004; Beebee & Griffiths, 2005). The causes of these declines are complex and sometimes diffic ...
... Introduction In recent years, amphibians have been the focus of important conservation efforts owing to severe population reductions and even extinction in many species (Houlahan et al., 2000; Stuart et al., 2004; Beebee & Griffiths, 2005). The causes of these declines are complex and sometimes diffic ...
Full Text - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard
... At broad scales, community ecologists study how biogeographic factors like environmental dissimilarity and geographic distance influence community assembly and composition. At small scales, community ecologists study how one or several species interact to determine habitat partitioning and coexisten ...
... At broad scales, community ecologists study how biogeographic factors like environmental dissimilarity and geographic distance influence community assembly and composition. At small scales, community ecologists study how one or several species interact to determine habitat partitioning and coexisten ...
A comparison of floristic diversity in East Asia and Eastern North
... Ricklefs 2004). These differences can vary with spatial scale (Rahbek & Graves 2001; Whittaker et al. 2001) and they can have varied underlying causes. The temperate floras of eastern Asia (EAS) and eastern North America (ENA) are closely matched in terms of latitude, climate, and vegetation (Li 195 ...
... Ricklefs 2004). These differences can vary with spatial scale (Rahbek & Graves 2001; Whittaker et al. 2001) and they can have varied underlying causes. The temperate floras of eastern Asia (EAS) and eastern North America (ENA) are closely matched in terms of latitude, climate, and vegetation (Li 195 ...
Bulletin of the College of Science, University of the Ryukyus
... conducted at intervals of several meters, and the quadrats were placed on both sides of each study point along the transect line. ...
... conducted at intervals of several meters, and the quadrats were placed on both sides of each study point along the transect line. ...
Biogeography - National Open University of Nigeria
... nature, ecosystems vary in size and can be studied at any scale. Ecosystems also vary continuously over space so that it is often difficult to define the spatial limits (boundaries) of ecosystems. It is a valuable concept for studying and understanding the components and functioning of the biosphere ...
... nature, ecosystems vary in size and can be studied at any scale. Ecosystems also vary continuously over space so that it is often difficult to define the spatial limits (boundaries) of ecosystems. It is a valuable concept for studying and understanding the components and functioning of the biosphere ...
Biotic and Abiotic Controls in River and Stream Communities
... "optimal" on the basis of occupancy alone (Bovee 1982). Evaluations of habitat quality should be supported by experimental and process-oriented studies. Comparisons of habitat use by species at different densities and food levels, or in the presence or absence of other species suspected to influence ...
... "optimal" on the basis of occupancy alone (Bovee 1982). Evaluations of habitat quality should be supported by experimental and process-oriented studies. Comparisons of habitat use by species at different densities and food levels, or in the presence or absence of other species suspected to influence ...
Habitat use, selection and preference
... The Final Step: A RUF RUFs: multiple regression equations that relate intensity of use to resources in a specified area, typically within an animal s home range ...
... The Final Step: A RUF RUFs: multiple regression equations that relate intensity of use to resources in a specified area, typically within an animal s home range ...
Comparing small mammal faunas based on barn owl (Tyto alba
... Abstract: The composition of small mammal assemblages was analysed in two lowland landscapes (Drava floodplain, Győr basin) and was evaluated on three different spatial scales (meso-, microregions and local scale), based on barn owl pellets collected between 2006 and 2009. Altogether 273 pellet samp ...
... Abstract: The composition of small mammal assemblages was analysed in two lowland landscapes (Drava floodplain, Győr basin) and was evaluated on three different spatial scales (meso-, microregions and local scale), based on barn owl pellets collected between 2006 and 2009. Altogether 273 pellet samp ...
Body size distributions in North American freshwater fish: smallscale
... Abstract – The ecosystem size/trophic structure hypothesis predicts that the shape of body size distributions will change with ecosystem size because of increases in the relative importance of large, predatory, species. I test the hypothesis by examining the statistical moments, as measures of shape ...
... Abstract – The ecosystem size/trophic structure hypothesis predicts that the shape of body size distributions will change with ecosystem size because of increases in the relative importance of large, predatory, species. I test the hypothesis by examining the statistical moments, as measures of shape ...
the macroevolutionary consequences of ecological differences
... driven by an unremarkable phenotypic response to natural selection. Also, periods of stasis between punctuational events in the fossil record are probably best explained by population structure and optimizing selection imposed by the ecological interactions experienced by a species (Eldredge et al. ...
... driven by an unremarkable phenotypic response to natural selection. Also, periods of stasis between punctuational events in the fossil record are probably best explained by population structure and optimizing selection imposed by the ecological interactions experienced by a species (Eldredge et al. ...
9th Revision Spring 07
... G4A- explain the distribution of different types of climate in terms of patterns of temperature, wind, and precipitation and the factors that influence climate regions such as elevation, latitude, location near warm and cold ocean currents, position on a continent, and mountain barriers. G4B- relate ...
... G4A- explain the distribution of different types of climate in terms of patterns of temperature, wind, and precipitation and the factors that influence climate regions such as elevation, latitude, location near warm and cold ocean currents, position on a continent, and mountain barriers. G4B- relate ...
Ecology Review
... Describe each of the following terms: • Adaptations of consumers: – Carnivore - meat-eating animal with sharp canine teeth specialized to rip and tear flesh – Herbivore - plant-eating mammal with incisors specialized to cut vegetation and large, flat molars to grind it – Omnivore - plant- and meat- ...
... Describe each of the following terms: • Adaptations of consumers: – Carnivore - meat-eating animal with sharp canine teeth specialized to rip and tear flesh – Herbivore - plant-eating mammal with incisors specialized to cut vegetation and large, flat molars to grind it – Omnivore - plant- and meat- ...
Ecology Review - Science
... Describe each of the following terms: • Adaptations of consumers: – Carnivore - meat-eating animal with sharp canine teeth specialized to rip and tear flesh – Herbivore - plant-eating mammal with incisors specialized to cut vegetation and large, flat molars to grind it – Omnivore - plant- and meat- ...
... Describe each of the following terms: • Adaptations of consumers: – Carnivore - meat-eating animal with sharp canine teeth specialized to rip and tear flesh – Herbivore - plant-eating mammal with incisors specialized to cut vegetation and large, flat molars to grind it – Omnivore - plant- and meat- ...
Reading 15 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Maintaining
... Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Maintaining Natural Life Support Processes1 Critical processes at the ecosystem level influence plant productivity, soil fertility, water quality, atmospheric chemistry, and many other local and global environmental conditions that ultimately affect human welf ...
... Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Maintaining Natural Life Support Processes1 Critical processes at the ecosystem level influence plant productivity, soil fertility, water quality, atmospheric chemistry, and many other local and global environmental conditions that ultimately affect human welf ...
Exergetic Model of Secondary Successions for Plant Communities in
... Copyright © 2013 Marcos Karlin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ecosystems are open systems where energy fluxes ...
... Copyright © 2013 Marcos Karlin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ecosystems are open systems where energy fluxes ...
Holocene vegetation change and the mammal faunas of South
... et al. (2000) dated a Toxodon from a karstic cave in southeastern Brazil to between 8000 and 5400 yr bp. This places these large mammals well into the middle Holocene, and considerably changes all previous views that the South American megafauna would have been extinct by that time. Besides, it indi ...
... et al. (2000) dated a Toxodon from a karstic cave in southeastern Brazil to between 8000 and 5400 yr bp. This places these large mammals well into the middle Holocene, and considerably changes all previous views that the South American megafauna would have been extinct by that time. Besides, it indi ...
World Geography- Use with Unit 10 - USC US
... Modify selected characteristics of a region (e.g., population, environment, politics, economics, culture) to suggest long-range planning goals Use several different maps to account for selected consequences of human/environment interactions (e.g., the impact of a tropical storm on a coral island, th ...
... Modify selected characteristics of a region (e.g., population, environment, politics, economics, culture) to suggest long-range planning goals Use several different maps to account for selected consequences of human/environment interactions (e.g., the impact of a tropical storm on a coral island, th ...
Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard Biology Level 2
... themselves and the water inside the shells, to keep the gills moist at low tide. The gills do two jobs – take in oxygen and filter out fine food particles like diatoms (phytoplankton). Tiny hairs wave the water containing oxygen and direct these food particles towards the mouth. Cockles are filter f ...
... themselves and the water inside the shells, to keep the gills moist at low tide. The gills do two jobs – take in oxygen and filter out fine food particles like diatoms (phytoplankton). Tiny hairs wave the water containing oxygen and direct these food particles towards the mouth. Cockles are filter f ...
Ecological Society of America - USA National Phenology Network
... The passing of seasons, as gauged by annual events or phenophases in organisms’ life cycles, is arguably one of the most pervasive environmental variations on Earth. Seasonal timing, or phenology, are observed in flowering and other stages of plant development, animal migration and reproduction, hib ...
... The passing of seasons, as gauged by annual events or phenophases in organisms’ life cycles, is arguably one of the most pervasive environmental variations on Earth. Seasonal timing, or phenology, are observed in flowering and other stages of plant development, animal migration and reproduction, hib ...
The interplay between habitat structure and chemical
... et al., 2015; Lindsay & Cunningham, 2009), changing the capability of assemblages to resist different types of impacts by either affecting their ‘susceptibility’, e.g., influencing the success of their predatory strategies (e.g., Karkarey et al., 2014), or through the provision of resources that can ...
... et al., 2015; Lindsay & Cunningham, 2009), changing the capability of assemblages to resist different types of impacts by either affecting their ‘susceptibility’, e.g., influencing the success of their predatory strategies (e.g., Karkarey et al., 2014), or through the provision of resources that can ...
Plant functional traits and the multidimensional nature of species
... This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10. 1073/pnas.1413650112/-/DCSupplemental. ...
... This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10. 1073/pnas.1413650112/-/DCSupplemental. ...
Biogeography
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wallace_biogeography.jpg?width=300)
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.