Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: the emergence of a synthetic ecological framework CHAPTER 1
... processes respond differently to loss of biodiversity providing some support for several current hypotheses. To the extent that loss of plant biodiversity in the real world means a reduction in the ability of ecosystems to ®x CO2, we also tentatively conclude that the loss of diversity may reduce th ...
... processes respond differently to loss of biodiversity providing some support for several current hypotheses. To the extent that loss of plant biodiversity in the real world means a reduction in the ability of ecosystems to ®x CO2, we also tentatively conclude that the loss of diversity may reduce th ...
Pitfall Trapping as a Method for Studying Populations of Carabidae
... both on the density of the population being sampled and the activity of individuals in it. Briggs (1961) concluded that in the Carabid Harpalusrufipes(Deg.) the size of the population played a minor part in determining numbers trapped, and Morris (1960) has stressed the desirability of obtaining est ...
... both on the density of the population being sampled and the activity of individuals in it. Briggs (1961) concluded that in the Carabid Harpalusrufipes(Deg.) the size of the population played a minor part in determining numbers trapped, and Morris (1960) has stressed the desirability of obtaining est ...
the role of competition in structuring ant communities: a review
... and driven inwards with incessant blows, sometimes one wedge being struck, and then another with greater force.” (Darwin 1859 p. 631). This metaphor represents nothing more than a scenario promoted by competition. During the 1960s and 1970s, field investigations about competition in insects consiste ...
... and driven inwards with incessant blows, sometimes one wedge being struck, and then another with greater force.” (Darwin 1859 p. 631). This metaphor represents nothing more than a scenario promoted by competition. During the 1960s and 1970s, field investigations about competition in insects consiste ...
Ecology of a sympatric pair of coregonid fish: Species interactions
... new or underexploited resources (Schluter evo- ...
... new or underexploited resources (Schluter evo- ...
Focus in Action Learning Pack
... organisms that need the water to survive. Above the dam, a pond changes the habitat and limits the kinds of organisms that can survive there. For every action in an ecosystem there is a resulting effect and reaction which will change the make-up of the ecosystem in some way. The decline in the beave ...
... organisms that need the water to survive. Above the dam, a pond changes the habitat and limits the kinds of organisms that can survive there. For every action in an ecosystem there is a resulting effect and reaction which will change the make-up of the ecosystem in some way. The decline in the beave ...
Habitat Structure - MSC Program Improvements
... For its Risk-Based Framework (RBF) in the GCR, the MSC uses the Substratum, Geomorphology, and Fauna (SGF) method to identify the benthic habitat units being assessed. Substratum refers to sediment type, geomorphology to the seafloor topography, and fauna to the dominant faunal group. “The SGF impli ...
... For its Risk-Based Framework (RBF) in the GCR, the MSC uses the Substratum, Geomorphology, and Fauna (SGF) method to identify the benthic habitat units being assessed. Substratum refers to sediment type, geomorphology to the seafloor topography, and fauna to the dominant faunal group. “The SGF impli ...
Gymnesic Islands, Western Mediterranean
... determining the extinction of a species, so even a single radiocarbon age can be highly informative. The last record for an extinct species is important because it provides a terminus post quem for the extinction event, which clearly post-dates this age. It is also important to establish the earlies ...
... determining the extinction of a species, so even a single radiocarbon age can be highly informative. The last record for an extinct species is important because it provides a terminus post quem for the extinction event, which clearly post-dates this age. It is also important to establish the earlies ...
Emerging directions in the study of the ecology and evolution of
... become prominent in the last 30 years, and (2) point out lines of research where further development would be particularly fruitful. 1 BRIEF HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON PLANT-ANIMAL MUTUALISTIC NETWORKS The idea of plant-animal interaction networks was first proposed 150 years ago with the publication of ...
... become prominent in the last 30 years, and (2) point out lines of research where further development would be particularly fruitful. 1 BRIEF HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON PLANT-ANIMAL MUTUALISTIC NETWORKS The idea of plant-animal interaction networks was first proposed 150 years ago with the publication of ...
Evolution of Stable Ecosystems in Populations of
... rates the organisms are subjected to, as well as the collection of resources that they can use to increase the rate at which they execute the instructions contained in their genomes. To “metabolize” a resource and garner a benefit from it, an organism must perform a mathematical computation specifie ...
... rates the organisms are subjected to, as well as the collection of resources that they can use to increase the rate at which they execute the instructions contained in their genomes. To “metabolize” a resource and garner a benefit from it, an organism must perform a mathematical computation specifie ...
- Miguel A. Fortuna
... networks such as the World Wide Web (Albert, Jeong, & Barabási 1999) and the worldwide air transportation network (Guimerá et al. 2005) show a power-law distribution and a truncated power-law (broad-scale) distribution, respectively. An exponential distribution, characterized by a fast decaying tail ...
... networks such as the World Wide Web (Albert, Jeong, & Barabási 1999) and the worldwide air transportation network (Guimerá et al. 2005) show a power-law distribution and a truncated power-law (broad-scale) distribution, respectively. An exponential distribution, characterized by a fast decaying tail ...
How Habitat Edges Change Species Interactions
... An "edge" is one of those ecological features that is hard to define verbally but yet immediately recognizable to observers in the field. Edges are often identifiable as the boundaries separating regions featuring different species of stationary organisms (e.g., mature trees vs. early successional s ...
... An "edge" is one of those ecological features that is hard to define verbally but yet immediately recognizable to observers in the field. Edges are often identifiable as the boundaries separating regions featuring different species of stationary organisms (e.g., mature trees vs. early successional s ...
BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION: DO SPECIES
... Rio Convention, biological diversity is defined as ‘the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecos ...
... Rio Convention, biological diversity is defined as ‘the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecos ...
Reptiles - Nevada Department of Wildlife
... (Brennan and Holycross 2006, Stoops and Wright 2005, Endemic Species Commitee 1982). One recently discovered as the frst state record in the Newberry Mountains at Christmas Tree Pass on 30 May 2010 (Mulkes 2011). There were very few previous records reported (Grate 1981); none of which could be veri ...
... (Brennan and Holycross 2006, Stoops and Wright 2005, Endemic Species Commitee 1982). One recently discovered as the frst state record in the Newberry Mountains at Christmas Tree Pass on 30 May 2010 (Mulkes 2011). There were very few previous records reported (Grate 1981); none of which could be veri ...
secondary succession in an experimentally fragmented
... succession is constrained. Positive feedbacks through facilitation can generate spatial heterogeneity in succession, because sites first colonized by these species will be more rapidly colonized by other species as well. Area effects on succession.—Patch area could also influence successional dynami ...
... succession is constrained. Positive feedbacks through facilitation can generate spatial heterogeneity in succession, because sites first colonized by these species will be more rapidly colonized by other species as well. Area effects on succession.—Patch area could also influence successional dynami ...
Research paper: Biotic Homogenisation
... Biotic homogenisation is considered as an overarching ecological process that encompasses the loss of genetic, taxonomic or functional distinctiveness over time (Olden et al., 2004). Taxonomic similarity has been the primary focus of previous research and continues to be referred to as biotic homoge ...
... Biotic homogenisation is considered as an overarching ecological process that encompasses the loss of genetic, taxonomic or functional distinctiveness over time (Olden et al., 2004). Taxonomic similarity has been the primary focus of previous research and continues to be referred to as biotic homoge ...
hierarchical analysis of forest bird species
... coarse-filter, multiscale approaches utilizing remote sensing and GIS may be nearly as effective at predicting local patterns as expensive field surveys of habitat conditions at the plot level, and more effective at predicting patterns continuously across large regions. Key words: bird communities; ...
... coarse-filter, multiscale approaches utilizing remote sensing and GIS may be nearly as effective at predicting local patterns as expensive field surveys of habitat conditions at the plot level, and more effective at predicting patterns continuously across large regions. Key words: bird communities; ...
Interactions of Life
... living and nonliving things. The biotic part of soil is humus (HEW mus)—the decayed remains of plants, animals, bacteria, and other organisms. Deserts have thin soil with little humus. Forest soils usually are thick and fertile, with a higher humus content. Abiotic factors include minerals and parti ...
... living and nonliving things. The biotic part of soil is humus (HEW mus)—the decayed remains of plants, animals, bacteria, and other organisms. Deserts have thin soil with little humus. Forest soils usually are thick and fertile, with a higher humus content. Abiotic factors include minerals and parti ...
(2016). Exotics Exhibit More Evolutionary History Than Natives
... Exotics exhibit more evolutionary history than natives 123 INTRODUCTION In the past, the rate at which species colonized new areas, such as distant islands, was relatively slow, and long‐distance dispersal events were rare. As a result, species within biogeographic regions shared much of their ev ...
... Exotics exhibit more evolutionary history than natives 123 INTRODUCTION In the past, the rate at which species colonized new areas, such as distant islands, was relatively slow, and long‐distance dispersal events were rare. As a result, species within biogeographic regions shared much of their ev ...
Special Sessions Sponsored or Co
... Contact - Yi-Chen Wang ([email protected]) Dendroecology, Dendroclimatology, North American Dendroecological Fieldweek Studies, Stable Isotopes and Dendrochemistry Contact - Jim Speer ([email protected]) Biogeography and Remote Sensing: Linking species, landscape and regional scales Contact: Jacl ...
... Contact - Yi-Chen Wang ([email protected]) Dendroecology, Dendroclimatology, North American Dendroecological Fieldweek Studies, Stable Isotopes and Dendrochemistry Contact - Jim Speer ([email protected]) Biogeography and Remote Sensing: Linking species, landscape and regional scales Contact: Jacl ...
Fulltext PDF
... Antarctica, Australia and South America. The Indian subcontinent was also part of Gondwanaland and was not connected to Asia at this time. Wegener cited the fit of South America and Africa, and the presence of identical fossils and rock structures in both areas as evidence for the fact that the cont ...
... Antarctica, Australia and South America. The Indian subcontinent was also part of Gondwanaland and was not connected to Asia at this time. Wegener cited the fit of South America and Africa, and the presence of identical fossils and rock structures in both areas as evidence for the fact that the cont ...
Liana cooccurrence patterns in a temperate rainforest
... compartments’ and they represent binary interactions of individual trees with each liana species. The number of host species compartments was dependent on the number of host species observed. Therefore matrix size differed between compartments, and the patterns that they might display indicate the r ...
... compartments’ and they represent binary interactions of individual trees with each liana species. The number of host species compartments was dependent on the number of host species observed. Therefore matrix size differed between compartments, and the patterns that they might display indicate the r ...
a 09 Population limit factrs carr cap ppt
... Limiting factors - an environmental factor that prevents an increase in the number of organisms in a population or prevents them from moving into new habitats ...
... Limiting factors - an environmental factor that prevents an increase in the number of organisms in a population or prevents them from moving into new habitats ...
Ambio 22 - Ecosystem Ecology: The CBL Gonzo Group
... a system is a function of the predictability and scales of its physical environment. This hypothesisis consistentwith the limiteddata on diversity in estuaries and other systems, and can be further tested in the future via comparative analysis. These ideas are elaborated and extrapolated to the task ...
... a system is a function of the predictability and scales of its physical environment. This hypothesisis consistentwith the limiteddata on diversity in estuaries and other systems, and can be further tested in the future via comparative analysis. These ideas are elaborated and extrapolated to the task ...
PDF
... than control populations and remained so throughout the rest of the experiment (Fig. 2a). This result is in accord with the predictions of the interspeci®c-interaction hypothesis. When the data are examined separately, one can see that the removal of A. gundlachi had a signi®cant eect on both adult ...
... than control populations and remained so throughout the rest of the experiment (Fig. 2a). This result is in accord with the predictions of the interspeci®c-interaction hypothesis. When the data are examined separately, one can see that the removal of A. gundlachi had a signi®cant eect on both adult ...
Rethinking patch size and isolation effects: the habitat amount
... SLOSS authors, and shown theoretically by Tjørve (2010), it seems likely that at least part of the reason for higher species richness in several small than in one large patch is that several small patches are spread over a larger extent (Fig. 5), so they intersect the distributions of more species. ...
... SLOSS authors, and shown theoretically by Tjørve (2010), it seems likely that at least part of the reason for higher species richness in several small than in one large patch is that several small patches are spread over a larger extent (Fig. 5), so they intersect the distributions of more species. ...
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.