national 4 and national 5 biology homework
... 4. What is an indicator species? 5. Give and example of an indicator species found in oxygen rich water and oxygen poor water. ...
... 4. What is an indicator species? 5. Give and example of an indicator species found in oxygen rich water and oxygen poor water. ...
Conference Programme
... Temminck‟s Ground Pangolin is a shy, secretive and solitary species occurring across southern and East Africa. We constructed a molecular phylogeny using three mitochondrial gene regions for 25 samples and found high levels of genetic variation within populations. Our results suggest that South Afri ...
... Temminck‟s Ground Pangolin is a shy, secretive and solitary species occurring across southern and East Africa. We constructed a molecular phylogeny using three mitochondrial gene regions for 25 samples and found high levels of genetic variation within populations. Our results suggest that South Afri ...
2010rat2
... Early results suggest that neither native nor adventive beetle abundances on the trees sampled increased at Kahanahaiki relative to Pahole (Figure 1, top). This appeared to be true for changes in beetle richness as well (Figure 2, top). In contrast, changes in spider abundances and richness tended t ...
... Early results suggest that neither native nor adventive beetle abundances on the trees sampled increased at Kahanahaiki relative to Pahole (Figure 1, top). This appeared to be true for changes in beetle richness as well (Figure 2, top). In contrast, changes in spider abundances and richness tended t ...
Title: A new idea on the evolution of biodiversity
... Charles Darwin's Origin of Species suggested that the struggle for existence was the main driver of the evolution of species and indicated the survival of the strongest as an evidence of adaptation to the environment by individuals. Intraspecific competition is a mechanism that has been considered f ...
... Charles Darwin's Origin of Species suggested that the struggle for existence was the main driver of the evolution of species and indicated the survival of the strongest as an evidence of adaptation to the environment by individuals. Intraspecific competition is a mechanism that has been considered f ...
Assessing the ecological significance of
... more likely to be stable if it is ‘organized’ into a set of subsystems between which there is no interaction. Both of these points are relevant to the discussion which will follow. Prior to these analyses it had been proposed (for example, Elton, 1958; Pimentel, 1961) that the presence of many speci ...
... more likely to be stable if it is ‘organized’ into a set of subsystems between which there is no interaction. Both of these points are relevant to the discussion which will follow. Prior to these analyses it had been proposed (for example, Elton, 1958; Pimentel, 1961) that the presence of many speci ...
This talk will be about patterns of species diversity
... to look at species turnover but this equation stuck with the ecology discipline. A number of other corrections and modifications to Whittaker’s multiplicative measure of β-diversity were made. Some of these modifications incorporate species loss and gain along a transect. See Magurran (2004) and Jos ...
... to look at species turnover but this equation stuck with the ecology discipline. A number of other corrections and modifications to Whittaker’s multiplicative measure of β-diversity were made. Some of these modifications incorporate species loss and gain along a transect. See Magurran (2004) and Jos ...
The Effect of Urbanisation on Biodiversity
... structures rather than processes and function •There are landscape principles for protected areas: Species richness increases with forest area A continuous area has more native interior species than two or more small ones In a forested area separate patches close to each other support more species t ...
... structures rather than processes and function •There are landscape principles for protected areas: Species richness increases with forest area A continuous area has more native interior species than two or more small ones In a forested area separate patches close to each other support more species t ...
EVS - Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial Degree College Bemina
... E.P.Odum a renowed ecologist stated that the ecosystem is the basic functional unit of organisms and their environment, interacting with each other and within their own components. An ‘ecosystem’ is a region with a specific and recognizable landscape form, such as a forest, grassland, desert, wetlan ...
... E.P.Odum a renowed ecologist stated that the ecosystem is the basic functional unit of organisms and their environment, interacting with each other and within their own components. An ‘ecosystem’ is a region with a specific and recognizable landscape form, such as a forest, grassland, desert, wetlan ...
draft cover letter to science
... most of the last 50 million years, radiated from that continent, and were diverse on it until the late Pleistocene (Table 1,56). Feral horses and burros are widely viewed as ecological pests, but in the context of historical ecology they are plausible analogs for extinct equids (35). Although the e ...
... most of the last 50 million years, radiated from that continent, and were diverse on it until the late Pleistocene (Table 1,56). Feral horses and burros are widely viewed as ecological pests, but in the context of historical ecology they are plausible analogs for extinct equids (35). Although the e ...
YAMUNA BIODIVERSITY PARK, NEW DELHI
... The integration of indigenous knowledge and biodiversity conservation was influenced by global initiatives such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Earth Summits and so on. In India, it took the form of the Biodiversity Act, setting up of several national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere res ...
... The integration of indigenous knowledge and biodiversity conservation was influenced by global initiatives such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Earth Summits and so on. In India, it took the form of the Biodiversity Act, setting up of several national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere res ...
Using Phylogenetic, Functional and Trait Diversity to
... in trait space as a measure of total trait or functional dissimilarity. The second strategy, functional diversity (FD) by Petchey and Gaston [24] essentially uses the FAD trait distance matrix to create a functional dendrogram from a clustering routine. FD then corresponds to the total dendrogram br ...
... in trait space as a measure of total trait or functional dissimilarity. The second strategy, functional diversity (FD) by Petchey and Gaston [24] essentially uses the FAD trait distance matrix to create a functional dendrogram from a clustering routine. FD then corresponds to the total dendrogram br ...
Coexistence, niches and biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning
... Current rates of biodiversity loss may be as high as those observed during the major extinction events known from the fossil record (Barnosky et al. 2011). Unfortunately, efforts during the last two decades to slow the decline of biodiversity have largely failed, and this general degradation of the ...
... Current rates of biodiversity loss may be as high as those observed during the major extinction events known from the fossil record (Barnosky et al. 2011). Unfortunately, efforts during the last two decades to slow the decline of biodiversity have largely failed, and this general degradation of the ...
Anthropogenic impacts on tropical forest biodiversity
... Evidence for a continuing decline in tropical forest area is unclear (Grainger 2008). This may be owing to difficulties in tracking the long term global trend in tropical forest area and forest regeneration (Grainger 2008). Estimates of a decline in deforestation may also result from the fact that e ...
... Evidence for a continuing decline in tropical forest area is unclear (Grainger 2008). This may be owing to difficulties in tracking the long term global trend in tropical forest area and forest regeneration (Grainger 2008). Estimates of a decline in deforestation may also result from the fact that e ...
Ant species richness and evenness increase along a
... trapping may suffer from differences in species activity, creating a bias towards the most active ants (Bestelmeyer et al. 2000). In this study, less active species such as Stenamma debile or Lasius flavus were captured along with the active species, probably due to the long sampling period and large ...
... trapping may suffer from differences in species activity, creating a bias towards the most active ants (Bestelmeyer et al. 2000). In this study, less active species such as Stenamma debile or Lasius flavus were captured along with the active species, probably due to the long sampling period and large ...
Measuring the diversity of what? And for what purpose?
... both of which develop indices in which different species are given different weight. The first strand, which has evolved mainly in ecology, weighs different species according to their relative abundance in the system. This is vindicated by the observation that the functional role of species may vary ...
... both of which develop indices in which different species are given different weight. The first strand, which has evolved mainly in ecology, weighs different species according to their relative abundance in the system. This is vindicated by the observation that the functional role of species may vary ...
Classifying Threats to Biodiversity
... and physical environmental data to establish conservation priority rankings among watersheds. The majority of stresses examined in this study were aspects of habitat conversion. A more recent paper by Chu et al. (2008) examined the synergistic influence of temperature, groundwater discharge, and cli ...
... and physical environmental data to establish conservation priority rankings among watersheds. The majority of stresses examined in this study were aspects of habitat conversion. A more recent paper by Chu et al. (2008) examined the synergistic influence of temperature, groundwater discharge, and cli ...
protecting, conserving and restoring biodiversity in ontario
... This paper deals with the protection, conservation and restoration of biodiversity in Ontario. Biodiversity or biological diversity refers to the intricate weave of Earth’s living organisms, their interrelationships and habitats, the genetic differences among them, and the ecological processes which ...
... This paper deals with the protection, conservation and restoration of biodiversity in Ontario. Biodiversity or biological diversity refers to the intricate weave of Earth’s living organisms, their interrelationships and habitats, the genetic differences among them, and the ecological processes which ...
SPATIAL VARIATION IN TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION ACROSS
... instance, if the species abundance distribution follows Fisher’s logseries, then an unbiased index of alpha-diversity is Fisher’s α. This assumption has been tested in several tropical tree communities (Condit et al. 1996), but it would be interesting to test it further in other forests. Many biolog ...
... instance, if the species abundance distribution follows Fisher’s logseries, then an unbiased index of alpha-diversity is Fisher’s α. This assumption has been tested in several tropical tree communities (Condit et al. 1996), but it would be interesting to test it further in other forests. Many biolog ...
For-75: An Ecosystem Approach to natural Resources Management
... and the golden-cheeked warbler in Texas. It can be argued that these wildlife species, and endangered species in general, are only indicators of the general decline of the ecosystems in which they exist. The owl is an indicator of the loss of mature “old growth” temperate rainforest, the redcockaded ...
... and the golden-cheeked warbler in Texas. It can be argued that these wildlife species, and endangered species in general, are only indicators of the general decline of the ecosystems in which they exist. The owl is an indicator of the loss of mature “old growth” temperate rainforest, the redcockaded ...
File
... • Ecosystem – all the biotic and abiotic parts of an area. • Biome – well characterized type of ecosystem • Biosphere - zone of the Earth that supports all ...
... • Ecosystem – all the biotic and abiotic parts of an area. • Biome – well characterized type of ecosystem • Biosphere - zone of the Earth that supports all ...
Chapter 10 - Lakeland Regional High School
... Coral Reefs and Coastal Ecosystem • Reefs provide millions of people with food, tourism revenue, coastal protection, and sources of new chemicals, but are poorly studied and not as well protected by laws as terrestrial areas are. • Nearly 60 percent of Earth’s coral reefs are threatened by human act ...
... Coral Reefs and Coastal Ecosystem • Reefs provide millions of people with food, tourism revenue, coastal protection, and sources of new chemicals, but are poorly studied and not as well protected by laws as terrestrial areas are. • Nearly 60 percent of Earth’s coral reefs are threatened by human act ...
pdf - Friends of the Gippsland Lakes Parks and Reserves
... acknowledges that Australians value Australia’s biodiversity both as part of their national heritage and for its own sake (Beeton etal, 2006; Australia State of the Environment 2006, section 5. Biodiversity). In spite of this growth in environmental awareness in recent decades, it is recognized that ...
... acknowledges that Australians value Australia’s biodiversity both as part of their national heritage and for its own sake (Beeton etal, 2006; Australia State of the Environment 2006, section 5. Biodiversity). In spite of this growth in environmental awareness in recent decades, it is recognized that ...
untitled - digital-csic Digital CSIC
... Results Regional-scale genetic diversity increased from the shortest-lived to the ...
... Results Regional-scale genetic diversity increased from the shortest-lived to the ...
reports - University of Toronto Mississauga
... Yale University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 370 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA ...
... Yale University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 370 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA ...
Ecology Basics - The Science Spot
... There are also many different species of fish and sharks. So a food chain cannot end with a shark; it must end with a distinct species of shark. A food chain does not contain the general category of "fish," it will contain specific species of fish. In ecosystems, there are many food chains. Since fe ...
... There are also many different species of fish and sharks. So a food chain cannot end with a shark; it must end with a distinct species of shark. A food chain does not contain the general category of "fish," it will contain specific species of fish. In ecosystems, there are many food chains. Since fe ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.