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Structural Parsing
Structural Parsing

... The auxiliary verb “can” modifies the whole sentence. In the sentence graph this is expressed with a POS-frame. We have discussed frame words like BE-frame, NEC-frame, NOT-frame, OR-frame, IF-THEN-frame or POS-frame in [6]. The auxiliary verb “ have ” is essentially “be with ”. The BE-frame can be s ...
Grammar-Sentences Unit File
Grammar-Sentences Unit File

... implied, indicate the simple predicate only. 1. James Bond movies drive me crazy. 2. The school will be closed this week. ...
File
File

... This is a classic I,ccI compound sentence; we use a compound structure when there is a compound truth: two equally important ideas that are related to each other in a tacit way mysteriously indicated by the comma and the coordinating conjunction. The fact that we join the ideas into a compound sente ...
1 Construction Morphology and the Parallel Architecture of grammar
1 Construction Morphology and the Parallel Architecture of grammar

... representation. Prosodic structure is governed by phonological rules or constraints such as those for building syllables and higher-level prosodic constituents. Morphological and syntactic structure (morpho-syntactic structure, for short) is governed by the rules of syntax and morphology. Conceptual ...
1. The definition of the morpheme. The word and
1. The definition of the morpheme. The word and

... process of communication, in speech, e.g.: He started laughing. Everybody thought it was rather odd. Since these relations can be observed in actual utterances, they are also defined by the Latin term “in praesentia” (“in the presence”, present in the same sequence). The other type of relations, opp ...
additive conjunction choice in english children short stories
additive conjunction choice in english children short stories

... Semantics is the science that studies the meaning of language as stated by Lyons (1977: 1) “Semantics is generally defined as the study of meaning”. In the dictionary we see that sometimes one word has many meanings, but when the word is used in a sentence, we will know the meaning of the word clear ...
Tailoring a broad coverage grammar for the analysis of dictionary
Tailoring a broad coverage grammar for the analysis of dictionary

... 1. Resolution of ambiguous assignment. The default strategy for attachment ambiguity, namely attachment to the closest possible head, should sometimes be changed for dictionary text, bi this way, some attachments which would remain ambiguous in ordinary texts can be disambiguated in the context of d ...
Depiction Verbs and the Definiteness Effect
Depiction Verbs and the Definiteness Effect

... ₍₎ a. Agatha seeks exactly two Pharaohs’ tombs b. Agatha seeks another Pharaoh’s tomb c. Agatha seeks every Pharaoh’s tomb ₍₎ a. Agatha sketched exactly two Pharaohs’ tombs b. Agatha sketched another Pharaoh’s tomb c. Agatha sketched every Pharaoh’s tomb we see that all the cases in ₍₎ have non-g ...
Ethnic adjectives are proper adjectives∗ Boban Arsenijevic
Ethnic adjectives are proper adjectives∗ Boban Arsenijevic

... resulting ‘adjective’ is deprived of typical nominal anaphoric properties, and that anaphoric rules are sensitive to surface structure configurations only, even though for argument-saturation purposes the nominal nature of thEAs is still visible. However, we consider this an inelegant solution at be ...
possible-worlds semantics for modal notions conceived as predicates
possible-worlds semantics for modal notions conceived as predicates

... axioms and rules. This terminology is surely confusing, but it has become almost standard terminology after Kripke [27] had shown how to apply a substitutional interpretation of quantification with the mentioned properties. Substitutional quantification in this sense is not simple propositional quan ...
Recognizing Sentence Boundaries and Boilerplate
Recognizing Sentence Boundaries and Boilerplate

... most important prerequisites. Since punctuation marks are not used exclusively to mark sentence breaks, sentence boundaries are ambiguous. To achieve a reliable detection of sentence boundaries most systems use brittle, special-purpose regular expression grammar and exception rules. As an alternativ ...
Checking for Sentence Fragments Sentence Skills, Form A, 7E
Checking for Sentence Fragments Sentence Skills, Form A, 7E

... • Although relative clause fragments have both a subject and a verb, they cannot stand alone. – Bob who intends to buy a small tractor ...
No Slide Title - McGraw Hill Higher Education
No Slide Title - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... • Although relative clause fragments have both a subject and a verb, they cannot stand alone. – Bob who intends to buy a small tractor ...
IN DEFENSE OF PASSIVE Consider the following three sentences
IN DEFENSE OF PASSIVE Consider the following three sentences

... not defined on full sentence structures, so that there isn't any stage in the derivation in which the active counterpart of a passive sentence appears as such. Evidence against the transformational theory (I)will be presented in Section 2. This evidence counts indirectly as evidence for either a lex ...
Translating sentence openers: An analysis of the potential risk of
Translating sentence openers: An analysis of the potential risk of

... underlined attributes to the nouns in I see the sleeping cat and Jag hör den sovande katten snarka. Swedish, however, much prefers keeping the focus in sentences on complete clauses, i.e. main clauses and subordinate clauses which are clauses that fill a semantic function of their own but are subor ...
`Nearly free` control as an underspecified de se report - CSSP
`Nearly free` control as an underspecified de se report - CSSP

... be argued in Section 2.2, existing theories of control, whether MDP-based or lexical, cannot be easily extended so that it can account for this peculiar control pattern. In this paper, I propose a novel view on controller selection that can account for nearly free control as well as other control pa ...
ON SEMANTICS OF LATIN INTRANSITIVE VERBS
ON SEMANTICS OF LATIN INTRANSITIVE VERBS

... the description of some'semantic properties of sentence made by Fillmore in his case'theory'(1968). its stimulating feature lies in the way in which deep structures are treated — they are essentialy oriented semantically and understood formally as logical predicates the arguments of which are alread ...
Министерство образования Российской Федерации
Министерство образования Российской Федерации

... Semi-predicative participial constructions. The problem of the verbal “-ing” form (“half-gerund”): functional differences between Participle I and gerund. Conjugation of the finite forms of the verbs. The category of number. The category of person. Their reflective nature (substantive correspondence ...
Relativism: Cognitive and Moral
Relativism: Cognitive and Moral

... I-STEVEN LUKES ...
Let`s go look at usage: A constructional approach to
Let`s go look at usage: A constructional approach to

... (1993:318) call ‘striking’. These (can) occur here not (only) because go-VERB satisfies an underlying morphological restriction, but because subjunctives are compatible directive functions. Thus, while non-finite contexts seem to ‘save’ otherwise ungrammatical uses with 3.SG contexts (e.g. she can g ...
Event modifying adjectives in Portuguese
Event modifying adjectives in Portuguese

... change depending on the linguistic context. In this paper we analyse the behaviour of event modifying adjectives which can be understood as matrix adverbs in some particular linguistic contexts. We provide a description of the data, identifying the restrictions of occurrence of this alternation. In ...
The Competition Model: the Input, the Context
The Competition Model: the Input, the Context

... that is normally associated with a certain function starts to be viewed occasionally as expressing some related, but different function. The root cause of category leakage is the fact that, even before the leakage becomes obvious, there is often no single function that is uniquely associated with a ...
From Discourse to “Odd Coordinations” –
From Discourse to “Odd Coordinations” –

... see (6) below— with the interpretation of elided indefinites in structures like (4) and (5) above. Whereas in the case of Gapping the interpretation of the indefinite etwas (‘something’) remains constant irrespective of whether etwas is realized overtly or covertly —in both cases, etwas in the secon ...
File
File

... A Compound Sentence has two independent clauses connected by a comma and a coordinating conjunction. ...
Sense and denotation as algorithm and value
Sense and denotation as algorithm and value

... in the sense of Carnap, i.e. the sense of φ is the function which assigns to each possible world W the truth value of φ in W . For example, Montague [20] adopts this definition. This does not explain the difference in meaning between arithmetic sentences like θ and η above which presumably have the ...
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Cognitive semantics

Cognitive semantics is part of the cognitive linguistics movement. Semantics is the study of meaning. Cognitive semantics holds that language is part of a more general human cognitive ability, and can therefore only describe the world as it is organised within people's conceptual spaces. It is implicit that there is some difference between this conceptual world and the real world. The main tenets of cognitive semantics are: That grammar is a way of expressing the speaker's concept of the world; That knowledge of language is acquired and contextual; That the ability to use language draws upon general cognitive resources and not a special language module.As part of the field of cognitive linguistics, the cognitive semantics approach rejects the traditional separation of linguistics into phonology, syntax, pragmatics, etc. Instead, it divides semantics into meaning-construction and knowledge representation. Therefore, cognitive semantics studies much of the area traditionally devoted to pragmatics as well as semantics. The techniques native to cognitive semantics are typically used in lexical studies such as those put forth by Leonard Talmy, George Lakoff, Dirk Geeraerts, and Bruce Wayne Hawkins. Some cognitive semantic frameworks, such as that developed by Talmy, take into account syntactic structures as well.
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