Where auxiliary verbs come from - chass.utoronto
... The literature is full of discussions of whether copular be should be treated as a lexical verb heading a full VP, or whether it should be considered an inflectional element simply supporting otherwise stranded morphological elements. Some such proposals can be found in work by Eide and Åfarli (199 ...
... The literature is full of discussions of whether copular be should be treated as a lexical verb heading a full VP, or whether it should be considered an inflectional element simply supporting otherwise stranded morphological elements. Some such proposals can be found in work by Eide and Åfarli (199 ...
Elements of Style: Syntax
... generations of novelists have tried to copy his style; William Faulkner wrote sentences so elaborate and ornate that several generations of novelists have tried to copy his style. ...
... generations of novelists have tried to copy his style; William Faulkner wrote sentences so elaborate and ornate that several generations of novelists have tried to copy his style. ...
File - Mrs. BowlesMHS English Department
... Words, phrases, and clauses in a series are usually separated by commas to show the reader where one item in the series ends and the next item begins. Words in a Series _________________________________________________________________ Barbecue, hammock, canoe, and moccasin are four of the words that ...
... Words, phrases, and clauses in a series are usually separated by commas to show the reader where one item in the series ends and the next item begins. Words in a Series _________________________________________________________________ Barbecue, hammock, canoe, and moccasin are four of the words that ...
Parameter label: Non-periphrastic causatives Values: NoNonpfrCC
... (‘cause to die’) and push (‘cause to move’). In some cases, causative and non-causative verb pairs may differ only in terms of internal flexion or other phonological contrast (for example, English fall fell). However, these contrasts are generally not systematic. All languages use lexical causativ ...
... (‘cause to die’) and push (‘cause to move’). In some cases, causative and non-causative verb pairs may differ only in terms of internal flexion or other phonological contrast (for example, English fall fell). However, these contrasts are generally not systematic. All languages use lexical causativ ...
SUBORDINATION
... while, when, whenever, as, as soon as, before, after, since, until Where where, wherever How as if, as though Why because, since, as, so that Condition if, unless, though, although, provided that These signal words are called subordinating conjunctions, implying that the connection they make causes ...
... while, when, whenever, as, as soon as, before, after, since, until Where where, wherever How as if, as though Why because, since, as, so that Condition if, unless, though, although, provided that These signal words are called subordinating conjunctions, implying that the connection they make causes ...
COMPOUND SENTENCE A compound sentence contains two
... because, possibly, he didn't have anything else to do, for or because "Maria went shopping." How can the use of other coordinators change the relationship between the two clauses? What implications would the use of "yet" or "but" have on the meaning of the sentence? COMPLEX SENTENCE A complex senten ...
... because, possibly, he didn't have anything else to do, for or because "Maria went shopping." How can the use of other coordinators change the relationship between the two clauses? What implications would the use of "yet" or "but" have on the meaning of the sentence? COMPLEX SENTENCE A complex senten ...
PowerPoint
... Taro-NOM that book-ACC buy-PAST ‘Taro bought that book.’ • Taroo-ga ano hon-o kat-ta no? Taro-NOM that book-ACC buy-PAST Q ‘Did Taro buy that book?’ • Hanako-ga [Taroo-ga ano hon-o kat-ta to] omotteiru. H.-NOM T.-NOM that book-ACC buy-PAST that thinks ‘Hanako thinks that Taro bought that book.’ ...
... Taro-NOM that book-ACC buy-PAST ‘Taro bought that book.’ • Taroo-ga ano hon-o kat-ta no? Taro-NOM that book-ACC buy-PAST Q ‘Did Taro buy that book?’ • Hanako-ga [Taroo-ga ano hon-o kat-ta to] omotteiru. H.-NOM T.-NOM that book-ACC buy-PAST that thinks ‘Hanako thinks that Taro bought that book.’ ...
A sentence with two or more independent clauses and one or more
... Rule #5: Use commas to set off clauses that start with which (a nonessential subordinate clause). Rule #6: Don’t use commas to set off clauses that start with that (an essential subordinate clause). On page 95, sentences #17 - #24, underline the subordinate clause in each sentence. Then, circle ...
... Rule #5: Use commas to set off clauses that start with which (a nonessential subordinate clause). Rule #6: Don’t use commas to set off clauses that start with that (an essential subordinate clause). On page 95, sentences #17 - #24, underline the subordinate clause in each sentence. Then, circle ...
document
... Dependent clause punctuation Do not use a comma when the dependent clause does not begin the sentence! I like SpongeBob because he makes me laugh. ...
... Dependent clause punctuation Do not use a comma when the dependent clause does not begin the sentence! I like SpongeBob because he makes me laugh. ...
File
... and Kendall went to the movies. Ex: Genevieve and Kendall went to the movies after they finished studying. ...
... and Kendall went to the movies. Ex: Genevieve and Kendall went to the movies after they finished studying. ...
On Phrases and Clauses
... as finite or non-finite. Finite Verb Groups contain a tensed verb, non-finite Verb Groups contain a non-tensed verb, also known as a verbal. A Verb Group together with its objects and complements forms a Verb Phrase. Consequently, Verb Phrases may also be either finite or non-finite. The former are ...
... as finite or non-finite. Finite Verb Groups contain a tensed verb, non-finite Verb Groups contain a non-tensed verb, also known as a verbal. A Verb Group together with its objects and complements forms a Verb Phrase. Consequently, Verb Phrases may also be either finite or non-finite. The former are ...
independent clause
... Highlight the simple sentence and circle the participle phrase 1) Confused by the strange directions in the letter, Sara looked at the map. 2) Josh ran to class, rushing through the halls at breakneck speed. 3) Looking at the cats competing for the prize, Sue chose the ...
... Highlight the simple sentence and circle the participle phrase 1) Confused by the strange directions in the letter, Sara looked at the map. 2) Josh ran to class, rushing through the halls at breakneck speed. 3) Looking at the cats competing for the prize, Sue chose the ...
Words, Phrases, and Clauses
... Relative/Adjective Clause: Usually answering the question “Which one” or “What kind of,” a relative or adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, or that) or a relative adverb (when, where) and it follows a headword. For example: ...
... Relative/Adjective Clause: Usually answering the question “Which one” or “What kind of,” a relative or adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, or that) or a relative adverb (when, where) and it follows a headword. For example: ...
Cumulative periodic and inverted sentences
... • After Mary added up all the sales, she discovered that the lemonade stand was 32 cents short. ...
... • After Mary added up all the sales, she discovered that the lemonade stand was 32 cents short. ...
Syntactic retrieval - Machine Translation Archive
... A syntactic retrieval routine based on the fulcrum approach will first identify the fulcrum of a given fused unit and then use it as the initial point from which to retrieve the boundary and function information required for the continued operation of the program. ...
... A syntactic retrieval routine based on the fulcrum approach will first identify the fulcrum of a given fused unit and then use it as the initial point from which to retrieve the boundary and function information required for the continued operation of the program. ...
English as a Formal Specification Language
... learn and remember the grammar rules of the controlled language disappears. From a broader theoretical perspective, this look-ahead technique does not only generate and guarantee well-formed expressions but also provides the necessary structural basis for the semantic interpretation of the controlle ...
... learn and remember the grammar rules of the controlled language disappears. From a broader theoretical perspective, this look-ahead technique does not only generate and guarantee well-formed expressions but also provides the necessary structural basis for the semantic interpretation of the controlle ...
Context Free Grammars 10/28/2003 Reading: Chap 9, Jurafsky
... • I.e. “book” is a straightforward transitive verb. It expects a single NP ...
... • I.e. “book” is a straightforward transitive verb. It expects a single NP ...
Eliminating Sentence Fragments
... (Who was trying?) The subject must actually be in the sentence to make it complete. How to fix -ing fragments: Attach the fragment to the sentence before or after it. Example: Scientists spent hundreds of hours in the lab, trying to find a cure. Add a subject and change the verb to the correct form: ...
... (Who was trying?) The subject must actually be in the sentence to make it complete. How to fix -ing fragments: Attach the fragment to the sentence before or after it. Example: Scientists spent hundreds of hours in the lab, trying to find a cure. Add a subject and change the verb to the correct form: ...
3. Syntax
... the “noun phrase followed by a verb phrase” part comes from – the order of the constituents after the arrow. Syntax rules can, of course, build things other than sentences: (31) NP → Adj N This rule says that a noun phrase consists of an adjective followed by a noun, like in pretty girls. We know, t ...
... the “noun phrase followed by a verb phrase” part comes from – the order of the constituents after the arrow. Syntax rules can, of course, build things other than sentences: (31) NP → Adj N This rule says that a noun phrase consists of an adjective followed by a noun, like in pretty girls. We know, t ...
$doc.title
... b) When we start with written text, more sophisticated aims can be achieved. Example: Google’s translation facilities. 4. Your book focuses on understanding of written text after a brief discussion of speech recognition, as shall we, though we will also say a bit about generation. Actually, there is ...
... b) When we start with written text, more sophisticated aims can be achieved. Example: Google’s translation facilities. 4. Your book focuses on understanding of written text after a brief discussion of speech recognition, as shall we, though we will also say a bit about generation. Actually, there is ...
Some Additional Topics
... • main point of criticism: it is impossible to choose n and so that Pn (s) > iff sentence s is grammatical • this already pointed out by Shannon: at order n approximation there will be some more elaborate dependences affecting grammaticality that approximation does not capture • ... but inadequa ...
... • main point of criticism: it is impossible to choose n and so that Pn (s) > iff sentence s is grammatical • this already pointed out by Shannon: at order n approximation there will be some more elaborate dependences affecting grammaticality that approximation does not capture • ... but inadequa ...
Chapter 20: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
... indicate the word vs. phrase status of every constituent in a tree (thus roughly equivalent to the notion of bar level). The features for a node are next divided into three major classes: the values of the feature SYN are structures relevant to the syntax, ARG-ST (argument structure) feature structu ...
... indicate the word vs. phrase status of every constituent in a tree (thus roughly equivalent to the notion of bar level). The features for a node are next divided into three major classes: the values of the feature SYN are structures relevant to the syntax, ARG-ST (argument structure) feature structu ...
Eng 106 writing pack CHAPTER 2
... My English conversation class is made up of Chinese, Spaniards, and Bosnians. (The items are all nouns.) The students who do well attend class, do their homework, and practice speaking in English. (The items are all verbs + complements.) The teacher wanted to know which country we came from and what ...
... My English conversation class is made up of Chinese, Spaniards, and Bosnians. (The items are all nouns.) The students who do well attend class, do their homework, and practice speaking in English. (The items are all verbs + complements.) The teacher wanted to know which country we came from and what ...
Antisymmetry
In linguistics, antisymmetry is a theory of syntactic linearization presented in Richard Kayne's 1994 monograph The Antisymmetry of Syntax. The crux of this theory is that hierarchical structure in natural language maps universally onto a particular surface linearization, namely specifier-head-complement branching order. The theory derives a version of X-bar theory. Kayne hypothesizes that all phrases whose surface order is not specifier-head-complement have undergone movements that disrupt this underlying order. Subsequently, there have also been attempts at deriving specifier-complement-head as the basic word order.Antisymmetry as a principle of word order is reliant on assumptions that many theories of syntax dispute, e.g. constituency structure (as opposed to dependency structure), X-bar notions such as specifier and complement, and the existence of ordering altering mechanisms such as movement and/or copying.