Lecture 06
... X’ Categories Complements and Heads are attached to a level between the word and the phrase. This intermediate level of structure is represented by the symbol X’ (X-bar). Thus, all phrases have a tri-level structure: head + complement form X’-level constituent specifier + X’ constituent form XP ...
... X’ Categories Complements and Heads are attached to a level between the word and the phrase. This intermediate level of structure is represented by the symbol X’ (X-bar). Thus, all phrases have a tri-level structure: head + complement form X’-level constituent specifier + X’ constituent form XP ...
Unit 7 PowerPoint file
... Note: None of these complements may be omitted since they help make a sentence meaningful. The only type of verb which cannot occur in the structure of complementation is the VI, since it is not followed by any complement, but occurs alone or with a modifier that can be omitted. ...
... Note: None of these complements may be omitted since they help make a sentence meaningful. The only type of verb which cannot occur in the structure of complementation is the VI, since it is not followed by any complement, but occurs alone or with a modifier that can be omitted. ...
pinker 1-3
... Words are combined to make phrases, and phrases are combined to make sentences. Every phrase has a “head”, which corresponds to a single part of speech. The head of a NP is N, the head of a VP is V, and so on. Likewise, every head is associated with a phrase. ...
... Words are combined to make phrases, and phrases are combined to make sentences. Every phrase has a “head”, which corresponds to a single part of speech. The head of a NP is N, the head of a VP is V, and so on. Likewise, every head is associated with a phrase. ...
SYNTAX
... Phrase Structure Trees show that a sentence is both a linear string o words and a hierarchical structure with phrases nested in phrases. They show three aspects of speakers’ syntactic knowledge: a. the linear order of the words in the sentence b. the groupings of words into syntactic categories c. t ...
... Phrase Structure Trees show that a sentence is both a linear string o words and a hierarchical structure with phrases nested in phrases. They show three aspects of speakers’ syntactic knowledge: a. the linear order of the words in the sentence b. the groupings of words into syntactic categories c. t ...
S(A)
... common phrasal categories are as NP(N), VP(V), AP(A), PP(P). • The structure: specifier + head + complement • Head---- the word around which a phrase is formed • Specifier---- the words on the left side of the heads • Complement---- the words on the right side of the heads ...
... common phrasal categories are as NP(N), VP(V), AP(A), PP(P). • The structure: specifier + head + complement • Head---- the word around which a phrase is formed • Specifier---- the words on the left side of the heads • Complement---- the words on the right side of the heads ...
LING 220 LECTURE #12 SYNTAX: THE ANALYSIS OF SENTENCE
... SPECIFIERS: in addition to the HEAD, phrases may include a second word with a special semantic or syntactic role (determiners, qualifiers and degree words). Specifiers make the meaning of the HEAD more precise: semantic role! Specifiers mark a phrase boundary. In English, specifiers occur at the lef ...
... SPECIFIERS: in addition to the HEAD, phrases may include a second word with a special semantic or syntactic role (determiners, qualifiers and degree words). Specifiers make the meaning of the HEAD more precise: semantic role! Specifiers mark a phrase boundary. In English, specifiers occur at the lef ...
340-Culture-and-Communication
... Examples of Principles and Parameters Principle: Sentences must have a subject and a predicate. Can the subject be implied? “Pro drop” parameter options: You must have a subject present. You can drop the subject and it will be understood to be there. ...
... Examples of Principles and Parameters Principle: Sentences must have a subject and a predicate. Can the subject be implied? “Pro drop” parameter options: You must have a subject present. You can drop the subject and it will be understood to be there. ...
Handout-12
... • Now let us evaluate the position of ‘head’ and ‘dependents’ available in a two-way system for the typology of languages in the world. • It has been discovered cross linguistically that there is a very strong tendency of placing the head and dependent in almost fixed position. • These two types ar ...
... • Now let us evaluate the position of ‘head’ and ‘dependents’ available in a two-way system for the typology of languages in the world. • It has been discovered cross linguistically that there is a very strong tendency of placing the head and dependent in almost fixed position. • These two types ar ...
Language and Cognition Colombo, June 2011
... Introduction to theta theory • Sentence = predicate (an expression denoting an event or a state) and a set of arguments (the participants in the event) • The arguments of a verb = the subject and object • Complements of verbs = objects: they are positioned inside the first projection of the V, so t ...
... Introduction to theta theory • Sentence = predicate (an expression denoting an event or a state) and a set of arguments (the participants in the event) • The arguments of a verb = the subject and object • Complements of verbs = objects: they are positioned inside the first projection of the V, so t ...
NEXT MEETING: _ Look up the other terms not covered. _ Prepare
... that allows humans to form and interpret the words and sentences of their language. _ Syntax: system of rules and categories that underlies sentence formation in human language. _ Transformational syntax: widely accepted approach to syntactic analysis in which syntactic phenomena are described in te ...
... that allows humans to form and interpret the words and sentences of their language. _ Syntax: system of rules and categories that underlies sentence formation in human language. _ Transformational syntax: widely accepted approach to syntactic analysis in which syntactic phenomena are described in te ...
Antisymmetry
... A number of things had to be stipulated in X-bar theory (which we will review); they can all be made to follow from one general principle. The availability of a head-parameter actually fails to predict the kinds of languages that actually exist. A more restrictive grammar is simpler—perhaps slightly ...
... A number of things had to be stipulated in X-bar theory (which we will review); they can all be made to follow from one general principle. The availability of a head-parameter actually fails to predict the kinds of languages that actually exist. A more restrictive grammar is simpler—perhaps slightly ...
Antisymmetry
In linguistics, antisymmetry is a theory of syntactic linearization presented in Richard Kayne's 1994 monograph The Antisymmetry of Syntax. The crux of this theory is that hierarchical structure in natural language maps universally onto a particular surface linearization, namely specifier-head-complement branching order. The theory derives a version of X-bar theory. Kayne hypothesizes that all phrases whose surface order is not specifier-head-complement have undergone movements that disrupt this underlying order. Subsequently, there have also been attempts at deriving specifier-complement-head as the basic word order.Antisymmetry as a principle of word order is reliant on assumptions that many theories of syntax dispute, e.g. constituency structure (as opposed to dependency structure), X-bar notions such as specifier and complement, and the existence of ordering altering mechanisms such as movement and/or copying.