Appositives: a phrase that
... refers to (e.g., Iris is the antecedent of she in Iris tried, but she couldn't find the book) Parallel structure - the use of the same grammatical structure (i.e., noun phrases, verb phrases) within a sentence or in a bulleted list. Example of parallel structure: I like to swim, to dance, and to cam ...
... refers to (e.g., Iris is the antecedent of she in Iris tried, but she couldn't find the book) Parallel structure - the use of the same grammatical structure (i.e., noun phrases, verb phrases) within a sentence or in a bulleted list. Example of parallel structure: I like to swim, to dance, and to cam ...
Linguistics 001: Syntax
... • Structure is critical in syntax; we will examine two major points this week – The notion of constituency; why is [the dog that is eating an apple] a single unit in Is [the dog that is eating an apple] in the garden? – Movement: how do we understand the object of the verb in the following sentences ...
... • Structure is critical in syntax; we will examine two major points this week – The notion of constituency; why is [the dog that is eating an apple] a single unit in Is [the dog that is eating an apple] in the garden? – Movement: how do we understand the object of the verb in the following sentences ...
Vocabulary Quiz Sentences
... First it’s important to remember that adverbs answer certain questions: when, where, why, how, under what condition, to what extent. Also, adverb clauses ALWAYS begin with a subordinating conjunction. This is because they are subordinate clauses. Thus, your subordinating conjunction should answer on ...
... First it’s important to remember that adverbs answer certain questions: when, where, why, how, under what condition, to what extent. Also, adverb clauses ALWAYS begin with a subordinating conjunction. This is because they are subordinate clauses. Thus, your subordinating conjunction should answer on ...
What is phrase structure grammar? What are its limitations? There
... Phrase structure rules of the generative grammar are an amalgamation of the subject-predicate and parsing systems of the traditional grammars and the IC analysis of structural grammar. They are framed to derive a `kernel' sentence (in the Syntactic Structures, Chomsky 1957), or `underlying (deep) st ...
... Phrase structure rules of the generative grammar are an amalgamation of the subject-predicate and parsing systems of the traditional grammars and the IC analysis of structural grammar. They are framed to derive a `kernel' sentence (in the Syntactic Structures, Chomsky 1957), or `underlying (deep) st ...
The Function of Prepositions
... Example: My coworkers enjoy gossiping about other coworkers. 9. Object complement Definition: word, phrase, or clause that follows and describes the direct object Example: The teacher has pronounced the extra credit writing an additional report. 10. Indirect object Definition: word, phrase, or claus ...
... Example: My coworkers enjoy gossiping about other coworkers. 9. Object complement Definition: word, phrase, or clause that follows and describes the direct object Example: The teacher has pronounced the extra credit writing an additional report. 10. Indirect object Definition: word, phrase, or claus ...
File
... Dependent/subordinate clause: (modifiesalmost a complete sentence-has subject and verb-but not complete due to “who”): …,who tried to catch it. Independent clauses are simple sentences: Sam threw the orange to Irene. ...
... Dependent/subordinate clause: (modifiesalmost a complete sentence-has subject and verb-but not complete due to “who”): …,who tried to catch it. Independent clauses are simple sentences: Sam threw the orange to Irene. ...
Glossary (.PDF format) - University of Arizona
... No Crossing Branches Constraint: If node X precedes another node Y then X and all nodes dominated by X must precede Y and all nodes dominated by Y. Node: The end of a branch. Nominative: The form of a noun in subject position (I, you, he, she, it, we, they). Non-terminal Node (revised): A node that ...
... No Crossing Branches Constraint: If node X precedes another node Y then X and all nodes dominated by X must precede Y and all nodes dominated by Y. Node: The end of a branch. Nominative: The form of a noun in subject position (I, you, he, she, it, we, they). Non-terminal Node (revised): A node that ...
Chapter 10 Syntax In the course of the preceding chapter, we moved
... Charlie broke the window and the window was broken by Charlie. In traditional terminology, the first is an active sentence and the second is passive. The distinction between them, it can be claimed, is a difference in their surface structure, that is, the syntactic form they take as actual English s ...
... Charlie broke the window and the window was broken by Charlie. In traditional terminology, the first is an active sentence and the second is passive. The distinction between them, it can be claimed, is a difference in their surface structure, that is, the syntactic form they take as actual English s ...
Some common examples
... I have confidence in learning German and to learn English teacher (T) can go through the following procedure with students (Ss): 1. Ss underline all elements in coordination or in lists. e.g. I have confidence in learning German and to learn English. 2. T analyzes the structures of the constituents ...
... I have confidence in learning German and to learn English teacher (T) can go through the following procedure with students (Ss): 1. Ss underline all elements in coordination or in lists. e.g. I have confidence in learning German and to learn English. 2. T analyzes the structures of the constituents ...
Week 4 DQ 3 Trees occur in various venues in computer science
... In a parse tree, each node is either a leaf node, a division node, or a root node. In the instance to the right, S is a root node, NP and VP are division nodes, while Susan, ran, the, and marathon are all leaf nodes. Nodes may also be described by the terms parent node or child node. Parent nodes ha ...
... In a parse tree, each node is either a leaf node, a division node, or a root node. In the instance to the right, S is a root node, NP and VP are division nodes, while Susan, ran, the, and marathon are all leaf nodes. Nodes may also be described by the terms parent node or child node. Parent nodes ha ...
Syntax Topics • • • •
... 14. Adverb clauses, like adverbs, may appear in many different places in a sentence, but (also like adverbs), may modify either the verb or the entire sentence. They are generally marked at the beginning with a subordinating conjunction, like a preposition for a clause, that indicates the kind, degr ...
... 14. Adverb clauses, like adverbs, may appear in many different places in a sentence, but (also like adverbs), may modify either the verb or the entire sentence. They are generally marked at the beginning with a subordinating conjunction, like a preposition for a clause, that indicates the kind, degr ...
Bill G`s Template, Rules and Tips
... Therefore, a better structural analysis of phrases in text sentences, especially if long and with little punctuation, is needed, to approximate better the prosodic phrasing, from the structural grammatical phrasing. In order to achieve this goal, semantic information needs to be introduced at the pa ...
... Therefore, a better structural analysis of phrases in text sentences, especially if long and with little punctuation, is needed, to approximate better the prosodic phrasing, from the structural grammatical phrasing. In order to achieve this goal, semantic information needs to be introduced at the pa ...
Lecture 1
... a few, a little, all, another, any, both, each, either, enough, every, fewer, less, many, no, neither, other, several.... ...
... a few, a little, all, another, any, both, each, either, enough, every, fewer, less, many, no, neither, other, several.... ...
1 Foundations of Syntax Spr14 Handout One [CGEL: Quirk, R
... ÷ multiple, complex (alárendelés) 2: He predicted [that he would dicover the tiny particle when he conducted the next experiment] >> obligatory, complement clause, subordinate clause is required by the transitive verb predict >> that subordinating conjunction, introducing complement clauses/when sub ...
... ÷ multiple, complex (alárendelés) 2: He predicted [that he would dicover the tiny particle when he conducted the next experiment] >> obligatory, complement clause, subordinate clause is required by the transitive verb predict >> that subordinating conjunction, introducing complement clauses/when sub ...
Review of "Comparative Syntax of Balkan Languages"
... reduced relative clauses. Raising a noun phrase involves head movement in Albanian, and phrasal or X max movement in Greek. Moreover, in Greek, the raising of the NP is first to a medial 0 while the formation of the DP with an adjective in Albanian involves only one step. The article by Maria Luisa ...
... reduced relative clauses. Raising a noun phrase involves head movement in Albanian, and phrasal or X max movement in Greek. Moreover, in Greek, the raising of the NP is first to a medial 0 while the formation of the DP with an adjective in Albanian involves only one step. The article by Maria Luisa ...
GRS LX 700 Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory
... I generally indicate adjunction with a “double branch” to keep it clear what is adjoined and what is not. The concept here is that the VP node has been “stretched out” and the AP has been hooked into it. The AP occupies a strange position in the tree. It is not a sister, nor a daughter of VP. It is ...
... I generally indicate adjunction with a “double branch” to keep it clear what is adjoined and what is not. The concept here is that the VP node has been “stretched out” and the AP has been hooked into it. The AP occupies a strange position in the tree. It is not a sister, nor a daughter of VP. It is ...
9th lecture A tree diagram (definition) : A tree diagram is a
... constituency relation of constituency grammars (= phrase structure grammars) or in terms of the dependency relation of dependency grammars. Parse trees are distinct from abstract syntax trees (also known simply as syntax trees), in that their structure and elements more concretely reflect the syntax ...
... constituency relation of constituency grammars (= phrase structure grammars) or in terms of the dependency relation of dependency grammars. Parse trees are distinct from abstract syntax trees (also known simply as syntax trees), in that their structure and elements more concretely reflect the syntax ...
Prague Dependency Treebank 1.0 Functional Generative Description
... theoretical framework based on the findings of European structural linguistics, esp. of the classical Prague School methodological requirements of a formal description ...
... theoretical framework based on the findings of European structural linguistics, esp. of the classical Prague School methodological requirements of a formal description ...
File - American Studies Radboud University
... = complementizer phrase, subclause (often starts with ‘that’ which is the head) = inflectional phrase, sentence (I is auxiliary, if no aux. than shows inflection) ...
... = complementizer phrase, subclause (often starts with ‘that’ which is the head) = inflectional phrase, sentence (I is auxiliary, if no aux. than shows inflection) ...
Lecture 2: 13/3/2006
... I ate a hamburger and a hot dog I will eat the hamburger and throw away the hot dog I ate a hamburger and John ate a hot dog *I ate a hamburger and on the stove *I ate a cold hot dog and well burned *I ate the hot dog ...
... I ate a hamburger and a hot dog I will eat the hamburger and throw away the hot dog I ate a hamburger and John ate a hot dog *I ate a hamburger and on the stove *I ate a cold hot dog and well burned *I ate the hot dog ...
University of Prince Salman Ibn Abdelaziz
... The widow was broken by Charlie.( passive) (Closely related) Surface Structure: The syntactic form as an ...
... The widow was broken by Charlie.( passive) (Closely related) Surface Structure: The syntactic form as an ...
bahan ajar syntax
... string with a new derived constituent structure.” For example, the transformation process from an active into a passive sentences “Bill will buy a book” becomes “A book will be bought by Bill” can be described as: NP1 + Aux + V + NP2 ==> NP2 + Aux + (be+-en) + V + by NP1. The structural change indi ...
... string with a new derived constituent structure.” For example, the transformation process from an active into a passive sentences “Bill will buy a book” becomes “A book will be bought by Bill” can be described as: NP1 + Aux + V + NP2 ==> NP2 + Aux + (be+-en) + V + by NP1. The structural change indi ...
Syntax
... sentences is the division of a sentence into phrases, and those phrases into further phrases, and so forth. • Another aspect of the syntactic structure of a sentence is "movement" relations that hold between one syntactic position in a sentence and another. ...
... sentences is the division of a sentence into phrases, and those phrases into further phrases, and so forth. • Another aspect of the syntactic structure of a sentence is "movement" relations that hold between one syntactic position in a sentence and another. ...
Art N pronoun proper noun
... of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the sentence should be interpreted. This level provides information which enables us to distinguish between the alternative interpretations of sentences which have the same surface form (i.e. they are AMBIGUOUS). It is also a way ...
... of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the sentence should be interpreted. This level provides information which enables us to distinguish between the alternative interpretations of sentences which have the same surface form (i.e. they are AMBIGUOUS). It is also a way ...
Antisymmetry
In linguistics, antisymmetry is a theory of syntactic linearization presented in Richard Kayne's 1994 monograph The Antisymmetry of Syntax. The crux of this theory is that hierarchical structure in natural language maps universally onto a particular surface linearization, namely specifier-head-complement branching order. The theory derives a version of X-bar theory. Kayne hypothesizes that all phrases whose surface order is not specifier-head-complement have undergone movements that disrupt this underlying order. Subsequently, there have also been attempts at deriving specifier-complement-head as the basic word order.Antisymmetry as a principle of word order is reliant on assumptions that many theories of syntax dispute, e.g. constituency structure (as opposed to dependency structure), X-bar notions such as specifier and complement, and the existence of ordering altering mechanisms such as movement and/or copying.