prepositions - American University
... o He parked his car in front of my driveway. o Following the exam, I went home and went to sleep. Examples of Prepositions These lists are not, by any stretch of the imagination, exhaustive, particularly in the final category. One-syllable Prepositions: at , by, in, on, near, to, from, down, off, th ...
... o He parked his car in front of my driveway. o Following the exam, I went home and went to sleep. Examples of Prepositions These lists are not, by any stretch of the imagination, exhaustive, particularly in the final category. One-syllable Prepositions: at , by, in, on, near, to, from, down, off, th ...
Using Commas to Set Off Introductory Matter and Nonessential Matter
... preposition beginning a prepositional phrase. It has no verb. In contrast, when after is a conjunction, it has a verb and should be separated from the following main clause by a comma. After he pushed Send, he wished he hadn’t. Here, after is a conjunction introducing a subordinate clause that inclu ...
... preposition beginning a prepositional phrase. It has no verb. In contrast, when after is a conjunction, it has a verb and should be separated from the following main clause by a comma. After he pushed Send, he wished he hadn’t. Here, after is a conjunction introducing a subordinate clause that inclu ...
GF Japanese Resource Grammar
... abstract syntax trees basing on the semantically relevant language structure, and one or more concrete syntaxes, which define how abstract syntax trees are mapped to (and from) strings. The process of producing a string from an abstract syntax tree is called linearization. The opposite, producing an ...
... abstract syntax trees basing on the semantically relevant language structure, and one or more concrete syntaxes, which define how abstract syntax trees are mapped to (and from) strings. The process of producing a string from an abstract syntax tree is called linearization. The opposite, producing an ...
Some Notes on Economy of Derivation and Representation
... binding theory principles, conditions on identification of empty categories, and perhaps X-bar theory.13 2. Some properties of Verbal Inflection Of the many specific areas that might be investigated in an effort to clarify general guidelines of the kind mentioned earlier, I will concentrate on the t ...
... binding theory principles, conditions on identification of empty categories, and perhaps X-bar theory.13 2. Some properties of Verbal Inflection Of the many specific areas that might be investigated in an effort to clarify general guidelines of the kind mentioned earlier, I will concentrate on the t ...
PERSPECTIVES Child language acquisition: Why universal
... that—other than a noun category containing at least names and concrete objects—there are no viable candidates for crosslinguistic syntactic categories (e.g. Nida 1949, Lazard 1992, Dryer 1997, Croft 2001, 2003, Haspelmath 2007, Evans & Levinson 2009). For example, Mandarin Chinese has property words ...
... that—other than a noun category containing at least names and concrete objects—there are no viable candidates for crosslinguistic syntactic categories (e.g. Nida 1949, Lazard 1992, Dryer 1997, Croft 2001, 2003, Haspelmath 2007, Evans & Levinson 2009). For example, Mandarin Chinese has property words ...
the clause - East Penn School District
... Predicate Nominative: The answer to the problem is what I have been looking for. ...
... Predicate Nominative: The answer to the problem is what I have been looking for. ...
Discontinuous phrases in dependency grammar
... together to make phrases it clearly qualifies as PG, but some linguists (e.g. Chomsky, pc) consider it to be an example of DG. All these theories rest on the assumption that the basic relation in sentence structure is the part-whole relation between a word and whatever phrase it belongs to, so phras ...
... together to make phrases it clearly qualifies as PG, but some linguists (e.g. Chomsky, pc) consider it to be an example of DG. All these theories rest on the assumption that the basic relation in sentence structure is the part-whole relation between a word and whatever phrase it belongs to, so phras ...
The Comma
... beginning of a sentence. Ex. “Furthermore, the analysis is flawed.” “For that reason, I will re-analyze the study’s results.” 6) Compound Sentences: Use commas between two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so). Ex. “I like candy floss, but Kelly l ...
... beginning of a sentence. Ex. “Furthermore, the analysis is flawed.” “For that reason, I will re-analyze the study’s results.” 6) Compound Sentences: Use commas between two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so). Ex. “I like candy floss, but Kelly l ...
The Participle and the Participial Phrase
... ball. Look for –ing and –ed words Decide if the words act as adjectives or verbs Those acting as adjectives are participles and begin the participial phrase Identify the related words which make up the phrase ...
... ball. Look for –ing and –ed words Decide if the words act as adjectives or verbs Those acting as adjectives are participles and begin the participial phrase Identify the related words which make up the phrase ...
Language universals
... very far. It may or may not be true that all languages stem from the same protolanguage somewhere in the distant past. But even if this should turn out to be true, this cannot explain the existence of many universals. Take, for instance, the fact that subjects tend to precede objects in most languag ...
... very far. It may or may not be true that all languages stem from the same protolanguage somewhere in the distant past. But even if this should turn out to be true, this cannot explain the existence of many universals. Take, for instance, the fact that subjects tend to precede objects in most languag ...
developing-revising-prose
... would prefer not to spend my time on, and what things I absolutely need to have in my daily life.” --2012, Fall, UNIV 100, Stephanie Miller 13. Cohesion Cohesion in any kind of prose that comes from making clear the relationship of one idea to another; natural-seeming movement results from integrity ...
... would prefer not to spend my time on, and what things I absolutely need to have in my daily life.” --2012, Fall, UNIV 100, Stephanie Miller 13. Cohesion Cohesion in any kind of prose that comes from making clear the relationship of one idea to another; natural-seeming movement results from integrity ...
JacobsenLecuter
... ekimae depaato toosan no kiji ga deteita. Uchi ni kaette tsuma ni miseru to, komatta kao o shita. ‘On my way home from work I bought the evening paper and when I looked on the front page there was an article about the department store in front of the station going bankrupt. When I went home and show ...
... ekimae depaato toosan no kiji ga deteita. Uchi ni kaette tsuma ni miseru to, komatta kao o shita. ‘On my way home from work I bought the evening paper and when I looked on the front page there was an article about the department store in front of the station going bankrupt. When I went home and show ...
Lecture 04 - ELTE / SEAS
... The first two cases are difficult to explain as there are very similar verbs (give and tell) which do allow both dative and DO constructions The last case shows that the two constructions can mean different things ...
... The first two cases are difficult to explain as there are very similar verbs (give and tell) which do allow both dative and DO constructions The last case shows that the two constructions can mean different things ...
The Syntax of Valuation in Auxiliary–participle
... authors note, be extended to Swedish and Norwegian. Wiklund (2005, 2007) argues that the parasitic copying relation is “top-down, syntactic, local”, and suggests that parasitic forms are transmitted top-down via Inverse Agree. The exact mechanism of this Agree relation is not spelled out, however, a ...
... authors note, be extended to Swedish and Norwegian. Wiklund (2005, 2007) argues that the parasitic copying relation is “top-down, syntactic, local”, and suggests that parasitic forms are transmitted top-down via Inverse Agree. The exact mechanism of this Agree relation is not spelled out, however, a ...
independent clause
... of Utah). Such clauses — all beginning with “which,” “that,” or a form of “who” — are also known as RELATIVE CLAUSES. The relative pronoun serves as the subject of the dependent clause and relates to some word or idea in the independent clause. ...
... of Utah). Such clauses — all beginning with “which,” “that,” or a form of “who” — are also known as RELATIVE CLAUSES. The relative pronoun serves as the subject of the dependent clause and relates to some word or idea in the independent clause. ...
Linguistics/Grammar - bergenimpact
... A phrase containing a participle and any complements or modifiers it has. Ie... Running on the beach, xxxxx. Ie... xxx hates Buttering his bread with a fork. in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). in a language, the smallest unit ...
... A phrase containing a participle and any complements or modifiers it has. Ie... Running on the beach, xxxxx. Ie... xxx hates Buttering his bread with a fork. in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). in a language, the smallest unit ...
Variety of Sentence Structures
... more dependent clauses. Each clause must have a subject and a verb. A dependent clause must include a subordinating word (dependent conjunction), a subject and a verb. Subordinate / dependent clause = Fragment sentence. It cannot stand alone – It needs an independent clause either before it or after ...
... more dependent clauses. Each clause must have a subject and a verb. A dependent clause must include a subordinating word (dependent conjunction), a subject and a verb. Subordinate / dependent clause = Fragment sentence. It cannot stand alone – It needs an independent clause either before it or after ...
Sentence Parts
... and subordinate clauses, give each pair of students one nine-inch and one six-inch construction paper circle, a ruler, a marker, and a brad. Have the students divide each circle into eight sections and then attach the smaller one atop the larger one using the brad as shown. Next, have each twosome w ...
... and subordinate clauses, give each pair of students one nine-inch and one six-inch construction paper circle, a ruler, a marker, and a brad. Have the students divide each circle into eight sections and then attach the smaller one atop the larger one using the brad as shown. Next, have each twosome w ...
Case, 20 Years Later* Yen-hui Audrey Li
... b. Mes amis aiment tous Marie. c. My friends all love Mary. d. *Mes amis tous aiment Marie. According to Pollock, verbs must have moved to a higher position in French but do not do so in English. Other works such as Larson (1988) and many others allow verbs in English to move to a higher projection. ...
... b. Mes amis aiment tous Marie. c. My friends all love Mary. d. *Mes amis tous aiment Marie. According to Pollock, verbs must have moved to a higher position in French but do not do so in English. Other works such as Larson (1988) and many others allow verbs in English to move to a higher projection. ...
1 Labeling (Romance) causatives* Adriana Belletti University of
... through Agree to the external argument of the infinitival verb phrase. The causative voice head has the property of attracting the relevant chunk of the infinitival verb phrase into its ...
... through Agree to the external argument of the infinitival verb phrase. The causative voice head has the property of attracting the relevant chunk of the infinitival verb phrase into its ...
The Participle Phrase
... participle is present, it will dependably end in ing. Likewise, a regular past participle will end in a consistent ed. Irregular past participles, unfortunately, conclude in all kinds of ways [although this list will help]. Since all phrases require two or more words, a participle phrase will often ...
... participle is present, it will dependably end in ing. Likewise, a regular past participle will end in a consistent ed. Irregular past participles, unfortunately, conclude in all kinds of ways [although this list will help]. Since all phrases require two or more words, a participle phrase will often ...
Chapter 9 Parsing Strategies
... sentence more than once. This is true of both backtracking and parallel parsing techniques. For instance, given "The horse raced past the barn fell", a backtracking parser would process "The horse raced past the barn" as a clause, then fail to handle "fell". Processing would then return to the last ...
... sentence more than once. This is true of both backtracking and parallel parsing techniques. For instance, given "The horse raced past the barn fell", a backtracking parser would process "The horse raced past the barn" as a clause, then fail to handle "fell". Processing would then return to the last ...
Sentence Patterns
... Closer and closer floated the blimp. 8. Use Quotations: Narrative writing may benefit from dialogue. (See pages 714-717 for punctuation of Quotations) Quotations add zest to the style of any purpose. Avoid triteness. Use quotations that express thought in an interesting style. 9. Open with an adject ...
... Closer and closer floated the blimp. 8. Use Quotations: Narrative writing may benefit from dialogue. (See pages 714-717 for punctuation of Quotations) Quotations add zest to the style of any purpose. Avoid triteness. Use quotations that express thought in an interesting style. 9. Open with an adject ...
Exercise 27
... (Worse) Contributing factors to rainforest depletion include overpopulation. (Better) Overpopulation contributes to rainforest depletion. ...
... (Worse) Contributing factors to rainforest depletion include overpopulation. (Better) Overpopulation contributes to rainforest depletion. ...
Antisymmetry
In linguistics, antisymmetry is a theory of syntactic linearization presented in Richard Kayne's 1994 monograph The Antisymmetry of Syntax. The crux of this theory is that hierarchical structure in natural language maps universally onto a particular surface linearization, namely specifier-head-complement branching order. The theory derives a version of X-bar theory. Kayne hypothesizes that all phrases whose surface order is not specifier-head-complement have undergone movements that disrupt this underlying order. Subsequently, there have also been attempts at deriving specifier-complement-head as the basic word order.Antisymmetry as a principle of word order is reliant on assumptions that many theories of syntax dispute, e.g. constituency structure (as opposed to dependency structure), X-bar notions such as specifier and complement, and the existence of ordering altering mechanisms such as movement and/or copying.