Agricultural Net Carbon Effect and Agricultural Carbon Sink
... is also an important inducement to accelerate the warming of the climate [2]. Greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural ecosystem accounted for 13.5% of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions [3]. Approximately 17% of China’s carbon emissions are from agricultural emissions [4], which was h ...
... is also an important inducement to accelerate the warming of the climate [2]. Greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural ecosystem accounted for 13.5% of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions [3]. Approximately 17% of China’s carbon emissions are from agricultural emissions [4], which was h ...
Rapid decline of the CO2 buffering capacity in the North Sea and
... allowing anthropogenic CO2 to penetrate the entire water column of the North Sea. The combination of ocean conditions in a relatively shallow, well-ventilated (on annual timescales) system accentuates temporal changes of the CO2 system relative to the open ocean subpolar Atlantic at the same latitud ...
... allowing anthropogenic CO2 to penetrate the entire water column of the North Sea. The combination of ocean conditions in a relatively shallow, well-ventilated (on annual timescales) system accentuates temporal changes of the CO2 system relative to the open ocean subpolar Atlantic at the same latitud ...
The marine ecosystem off Peru: What are the secrets of its fishery
... such as copepods are also vital in recycling nutrients in the zone, and in thereby preventing nutrient trapping and sinking of unoxidized organic matter to the sea floor, which may produce hypoxia, etc. Very short residence times tend to shift dominance to the very shortest-lived organisms (e.g., dia ...
... such as copepods are also vital in recycling nutrients in the zone, and in thereby preventing nutrient trapping and sinking of unoxidized organic matter to the sea floor, which may produce hypoxia, etc. Very short residence times tend to shift dominance to the very shortest-lived organisms (e.g., dia ...
Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost
... where C is the organic carbon (% weight), BD is the bulk density (g cm3), T is the soil layer thickness, and CF is the coarse fragments and/or ice content (% weight). Using this information, the SOCC was then calculated for the 0 – 30, 0 –100, 100 – 200 and 200 – 300 cm depths, or layers, for all p ...
... where C is the organic carbon (% weight), BD is the bulk density (g cm3), T is the soil layer thickness, and CF is the coarse fragments and/or ice content (% weight). Using this information, the SOCC was then calculated for the 0 – 30, 0 –100, 100 – 200 and 200 – 300 cm depths, or layers, for all p ...
Uncertainties in CMIP5 Climate Projections due to Carbon Cycle
... different climate projection ranges if they were emissiondriven—not concentration driven—experiments. The assessment of CMIP5 models’ transient climate response and whether it does explore the possible range, as well as an assessment of potential bias in non-CO2 forcing (e.g., aerosols), are not in ...
... different climate projection ranges if they were emissiondriven—not concentration driven—experiments. The assessment of CMIP5 models’ transient climate response and whether it does explore the possible range, as well as an assessment of potential bias in non-CO2 forcing (e.g., aerosols), are not in ...
ocean-climate.org - Plateforme Océan et Climat
... seawater is the source of most precipitation. The ocean is much more efficient at storing heat (93% of the excess of energy resulting from the human induced Green House Gases content in the atmosphere) than the continents (3%) and the atmosphere (1%). As a result, the ocean is the slow component of ...
... seawater is the source of most precipitation. The ocean is much more efficient at storing heat (93% of the excess of energy resulting from the human induced Green House Gases content in the atmosphere) than the continents (3%) and the atmosphere (1%). As a result, the ocean is the slow component of ...
New Cost Estimates for Carbon Sequestration Through Afforestation
... The first studies on the cost of sequestering carbon in forests appeared in the late 1980s (Dudek and LeBlanc 1990, Marland 1988, Sedjo 1989) and provided point estimates of the average cost of forest carbon sequestration. Moulton and Richards (1990) provided the first marginal cost estimates for th ...
... The first studies on the cost of sequestering carbon in forests appeared in the late 1980s (Dudek and LeBlanc 1990, Marland 1988, Sedjo 1989) and provided point estimates of the average cost of forest carbon sequestration. Moulton and Richards (1990) provided the first marginal cost estimates for th ...
PDF
... 3, it is clear that farmers who have not yet adopted carbon storage activities indicate more barriers than those who are already undertaking carbon farming activities. 1. Policy uncertainty 2. Uncertainty about carbon price 3. Limited information about yield benefits 4. Insufficient approved methodo ...
... 3, it is clear that farmers who have not yet adopted carbon storage activities indicate more barriers than those who are already undertaking carbon farming activities. 1. Policy uncertainty 2. Uncertainty about carbon price 3. Limited information about yield benefits 4. Insufficient approved methodo ...
Climate change impacts on the waters around the UK and Ireland
... Reliable continuous measurements of salinity in the Tiree Passage on the west coast of Scotland started in 2002 (Figure 9). Observations made between 1975 and 1996 indicate that intra-annual changes from warm high salinity water to cool low salinity water are, in general, associated with the across ...
... Reliable continuous measurements of salinity in the Tiree Passage on the west coast of Scotland started in 2002 (Figure 9). Observations made between 1975 and 1996 indicate that intra-annual changes from warm high salinity water to cool low salinity water are, in general, associated with the across ...
Deforestation in Amazonia impacts riverine carbon dynamics
... RivCM model system (Langerwisch et al., 2016) has been applied to assess the combined impacts of climate and land use change on the Amazon riverine carbon dynamics. Vegetation dynamics (in LPJmL) as well as export and conversion of terrigenous carbon to and within the river (RivCM) are included. The ...
... RivCM model system (Langerwisch et al., 2016) has been applied to assess the combined impacts of climate and land use change on the Amazon riverine carbon dynamics. Vegetation dynamics (in LPJmL) as well as export and conversion of terrigenous carbon to and within the river (RivCM) are included. The ...
Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I
... Koubbi, 2014) but will not include assessments of climate change impacts. A clear gap in these reviews is a close examination of how specific changes in physical habitats may impact directly on the ecology of species at different trophic levels (Fig. 1), thereby giving rise to indirect impacts on on ...
... Koubbi, 2014) but will not include assessments of climate change impacts. A clear gap in these reviews is a close examination of how specific changes in physical habitats may impact directly on the ecology of species at different trophic levels (Fig. 1), thereby giving rise to indirect impacts on on ...
Making Marine Zoning Climate-Change Adaptable Robin Kundis Craig
... ecosystems and the socio-ecological systems of which they are a part will transition to new states of being that are productive and adaptive, rather than collapsing into the equivalent of decimated marine deserts. Marine spatial planning is a widely-promoted method for achieving at least the first t ...
... ecosystems and the socio-ecological systems of which they are a part will transition to new states of being that are productive and adaptive, rather than collapsing into the equivalent of decimated marine deserts. Marine spatial planning is a widely-promoted method for achieving at least the first t ...
Ocean Acidification THE KNOWLEDGE BASE 2012
... Physiological processes and behaviour also show sensitivity to ocean acidification in other species. Some marine organisms may apparently benefit from ocean acidification (e.g. photosynthetic algae as well as other marine plants like seagrasses). However, it is important to bear in mind that even po ...
... Physiological processes and behaviour also show sensitivity to ocean acidification in other species. Some marine organisms may apparently benefit from ocean acidification (e.g. photosynthetic algae as well as other marine plants like seagrasses). However, it is important to bear in mind that even po ...
the knowledge base. Updating what we know about ocean
... processes in the ocean. Policy makers were urged to acknowledge the role of CO2 as an ocean hazard during future negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ...
... processes in the ocean. Policy makers were urged to acknowledge the role of CO2 as an ocean hazard during future negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ...
Z:\Corel\Documents\SR9P Ocean Storage\inside and back.vp
... colder deep waters of the world’s oceans are unsaturated and have an enormous and under-utilised capacity to dissolve CO2. For example, although the solubility of CO2 in these deeper waters is twice the solubility in surface waters, the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is only 12% h ...
... colder deep waters of the world’s oceans are unsaturated and have an enormous and under-utilised capacity to dissolve CO2. For example, although the solubility of CO2 in these deeper waters is twice the solubility in surface waters, the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is only 12% h ...
carbon in forest soils—research needs
... knowledge and the greatest hope for extrapolation to future scenarios. However, processlevel studies are typically short-term and often involve very artificial conditions. Several experiments have been conducted (Van Cleve et al 1990; Anon. 1992) under field conditions in order to provide some under ...
... knowledge and the greatest hope for extrapolation to future scenarios. However, processlevel studies are typically short-term and often involve very artificial conditions. Several experiments have been conducted (Van Cleve et al 1990; Anon. 1992) under field conditions in order to provide some under ...
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration
... Biofuels have been proposed as a solution, because the CO2 produced by burning came originally from the atmosphere and was fixed by plants via photosynthesis. However, the production and burning of biofuels (1) requires substantial energy for farming, transport and processing, thus producing substan ...
... Biofuels have been proposed as a solution, because the CO2 produced by burning came originally from the atmosphere and was fixed by plants via photosynthesis. However, the production and burning of biofuels (1) requires substantial energy for farming, transport and processing, thus producing substan ...
Author`s personal copy
... national forest resource inventories, several recent studies have revealed that the planted forests in East Asia also play a substantial role in sequestrating carbon dioxide (Fang et al., 2001; Choi et al., 2002; Fang et al., 2005). Bousquet et al. (1999) also suggested that a significant carbon sink ...
... national forest resource inventories, several recent studies have revealed that the planted forests in East Asia also play a substantial role in sequestrating carbon dioxide (Fang et al., 2001; Choi et al., 2002; Fang et al., 2005). Bousquet et al. (1999) also suggested that a significant carbon sink ...
Impacts of global warming on arctic pelagic ecosystems and pelagic
... temperatures, indicating that we may already be seeing the early warning signs of an ecosystem on the verge of dramatic changes. Warming in the north is several times greater than in central Europe and the pronounced changes in the Arctic can be used as bellwethers for the general state of the north ...
... temperatures, indicating that we may already be seeing the early warning signs of an ecosystem on the verge of dramatic changes. Warming in the north is several times greater than in central Europe and the pronounced changes in the Arctic can be used as bellwethers for the general state of the north ...
- Wiley Online Library
... change literature from 2007 to 2012 based on 461 of the most highly cited studies in physical and chemical oceanography and three biological subdisciplines. Using highly cited studies, we focus on research that has shaped recent discourse on climate-driven ocean change. Our review identified signifi ...
... change literature from 2007 to 2012 based on 461 of the most highly cited studies in physical and chemical oceanography and three biological subdisciplines. Using highly cited studies, we focus on research that has shaped recent discourse on climate-driven ocean change. Our review identified signifi ...
Interpretation of tropical thermocline cooling
... velocity during 1990s is weaker than that of 1960s from 15°S to 6°N, which coincides with most region of the observed thermocline cooling. This suggests that the reduced downward we may act to shoal the thermocline (Figures 2 and 3b) and thus contribute to the cooling. The shallow thermocline signal ...
... velocity during 1990s is weaker than that of 1960s from 15°S to 6°N, which coincides with most region of the observed thermocline cooling. This suggests that the reduced downward we may act to shoal the thermocline (Figures 2 and 3b) and thus contribute to the cooling. The shallow thermocline signal ...
Ecosystem Carbon Storage Across the Grassland–Forest Transition
... A. Gibbon and others (through improved management of biosphere carbon stocks) (Denman and others 2007). The carbon stocks and fluxes in above- and belowground tropical forest components have been increasingly studied in attempts to understand their roles in the global carbon cycle (Houghton and oth ...
... A. Gibbon and others (through improved management of biosphere carbon stocks) (Denman and others 2007). The carbon stocks and fluxes in above- and belowground tropical forest components have been increasingly studied in attempts to understand their roles in the global carbon cycle (Houghton and oth ...
Probe into the Financing Mechanism for Chinese Forestry Carbon Sequestration Market
... AES is the first company that engages in forestry carbon sequestration projects in the world. It invested USD 2 million in an agricultural forestry project in Guatemala in the late 1980s with the help of an international poverty alleviation organization, for the purpose of offsetting the emission of ...
... AES is the first company that engages in forestry carbon sequestration projects in the world. It invested USD 2 million in an agricultural forestry project in Guatemala in the late 1980s with the help of an international poverty alleviation organization, for the purpose of offsetting the emission of ...
The Relation Between Net Carbon Emissions
... The net amount of carbon in the atmosphere depends on the difference between the amount of carbon sequestered in sinks and the amount emitted by sources. The terrestrial stock of carbon is increased by the growth of carbon sinks. A sink is an object, like a tree (or group of objects, like a forest), ...
... The net amount of carbon in the atmosphere depends on the difference between the amount of carbon sequestered in sinks and the amount emitted by sources. The terrestrial stock of carbon is increased by the growth of carbon sinks. A sink is an object, like a tree (or group of objects, like a forest), ...
Antarctic Stratification, Atmospheric Water Vapor, and Heinrich Events
... To this hypothesis, we add corollaries as to what sets the timing of deglaciations. The tendency for prolonged ice ages, in which multiple freshwater inputs to the North Atlantic occur (as evidenced by Heinrich events) before one of these drives deglaciation, is hypothesized to result from the need ...
... To this hypothesis, we add corollaries as to what sets the timing of deglaciations. The tendency for prolonged ice ages, in which multiple freshwater inputs to the North Atlantic occur (as evidenced by Heinrich events) before one of these drives deglaciation, is hypothesized to result from the need ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.