Carbon and climate system coupling on timescales from the
... Introduction and Motivation The carbon cycle is one of the fundamental processes in the functioning of earth system, intimately connected with both planetary climate and ecology. On the time scale of the human experience, the carbon cycle links human economic activity directly to the geophysical sy ...
... Introduction and Motivation The carbon cycle is one of the fundamental processes in the functioning of earth system, intimately connected with both planetary climate and ecology. On the time scale of the human experience, the carbon cycle links human economic activity directly to the geophysical sy ...
Collateral transgression of planetary boundaries due to climate
... Revised: 26 September 2016 – Accepted: 27 September 2016 – Published: 31 October 2016 ...
... Revised: 26 September 2016 – Accepted: 27 September 2016 – Published: 31 October 2016 ...
English
... definition are that the interventions are deliberate, and are on a scale large enough to have a significant counter-acting effect to the warming effect of greenhouse gases. They are thus distinct from actions to reduce emissions. However, some of the techniques involving greenhouse gas removal, such ...
... definition are that the interventions are deliberate, and are on a scale large enough to have a significant counter-acting effect to the warming effect of greenhouse gases. They are thus distinct from actions to reduce emissions. However, some of the techniques involving greenhouse gas removal, such ...
015 Global Ocean Science Education Workshop Report
... There are basic research themes that have recently been identified as priority topics, such as those included in the 2015 National Research Council’s Sea Change: Decadal Survey for Ocean Sciences, which includes priority themes and questions such as: How have ocean biogeochemical and physical proc ...
... There are basic research themes that have recently been identified as priority topics, such as those included in the 2015 National Research Council’s Sea Change: Decadal Survey for Ocean Sciences, which includes priority themes and questions such as: How have ocean biogeochemical and physical proc ...
Nitrogen in the Marine Environment
... in the euphotic zone, but a fraction of it escapes remineralization and is exported into the dark interior ocean (aphotic zone). There, it is remineralized back to its inorganic forms. Finally, these inorganic forms are transported back to the euphotic zone by ocean circulation and mixing, where the ...
... in the euphotic zone, but a fraction of it escapes remineralization and is exported into the dark interior ocean (aphotic zone). There, it is remineralized back to its inorganic forms. Finally, these inorganic forms are transported back to the euphotic zone by ocean circulation and mixing, where the ...
Reduced early life growth and survival in a fish in
... Reduced early life growth and survival in a fish in direct response to increased carbon dioxide Hannes Baumann, Stephanie C. Talmage and Christopher J. Gobler * Absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide by the world’s oceans is causing mankind’s ‘other CO2 problem’, ocean acidification1 . Although ...
... Reduced early life growth and survival in a fish in direct response to increased carbon dioxide Hannes Baumann, Stephanie C. Talmage and Christopher J. Gobler * Absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide by the world’s oceans is causing mankind’s ‘other CO2 problem’, ocean acidification1 . Although ...
Consequences of Considering Carbon–Nitrogen
... where Cmax is the maximum rate of C assimilation, and kC is the CO2 concentration at which C assimilation proceeds at one-half of its maximum rate (i.e., Cmax). The sensitivity of plant uptake on kC is defined not by the absolute value of f(CO2(t)), which decreases with kC, but by the ratio of f(CO2 ...
... where Cmax is the maximum rate of C assimilation, and kC is the CO2 concentration at which C assimilation proceeds at one-half of its maximum rate (i.e., Cmax). The sensitivity of plant uptake on kC is defined not by the absolute value of f(CO2(t)), which decreases with kC, but by the ratio of f(CO2 ...
Compounds, creativity and complexity in climate change
... their environments, or more radically, how organisms co-evolve with their environments. The evolutionary ecology of compounds would similarly study how such linguistic devices emerge, get adopted and adapted, change and co-evolve in contextual use. Their study would provide some initial insights int ...
... their environments, or more radically, how organisms co-evolve with their environments. The evolutionary ecology of compounds would similarly study how such linguistic devices emerge, get adopted and adapted, change and co-evolve in contextual use. Their study would provide some initial insights int ...
Nitrogen deposition: how important is it for global
... 2011) or 0.31 PgC yr−1 in tree carbon storage (Thomas et al., 2010). However, there are indications that N-induced increase in land carbon uptake is unlikely to keep pace with future CO2 increases (Reay et al., 2008). Terrestrial carbon accumulation could be constrained by the availability of nitrog ...
... 2011) or 0.31 PgC yr−1 in tree carbon storage (Thomas et al., 2010). However, there are indications that N-induced increase in land carbon uptake is unlikely to keep pace with future CO2 increases (Reay et al., 2008). Terrestrial carbon accumulation could be constrained by the availability of nitrog ...
Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration as a Climate Change Mitigation
... in terrestrial carbon sinks viz. plants, plant products and soils for longer periods of time. In terrestrial system, in which carbon is retained in live biomass, decomposing organic matter and soil play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon is exchanged between these systems and the a ...
... in terrestrial carbon sinks viz. plants, plant products and soils for longer periods of time. In terrestrial system, in which carbon is retained in live biomass, decomposing organic matter and soil play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon is exchanged between these systems and the a ...
Progress and Challenges In Biogeochemical Modeling Of The
... (Jin et al. 2006a, 2007, 2009; Lee et al. 2010), and in one instance it used a sea ice dynamics model (Lavoie et al. 2009; 2010). The model of Lavoie et al. (2005) has been coupled to a more sophisticated sea ice model (Pogson et al. 2010). Jin et al.’s sea ice biological model has been coupled to ...
... (Jin et al. 2006a, 2007, 2009; Lee et al. 2010), and in one instance it used a sea ice dynamics model (Lavoie et al. 2009; 2010). The model of Lavoie et al. (2005) has been coupled to a more sophisticated sea ice model (Pogson et al. 2010). Jin et al.’s sea ice biological model has been coupled to ...
Quasi-100 ky glacial-interglacial cycles triggered by - HAL-Insu
... (expansion) of the terrestrial biosphere at deglaciation is supposed to take 500 Gt out of the atmosphere-ocean system. Since atmosphere CO2 increased by about 90 ppmv (approximately 180 Gt) from glacial maximum to interglacial, the ocean would have to accommodate this additional terrestrial carbon ...
... (expansion) of the terrestrial biosphere at deglaciation is supposed to take 500 Gt out of the atmosphere-ocean system. Since atmosphere CO2 increased by about 90 ppmv (approximately 180 Gt) from glacial maximum to interglacial, the ocean would have to accommodate this additional terrestrial carbon ...
Pedro DiNezio: Climate Response of the Equatorial Pacific to Global
... All of these processes are included in current state-ofthe-art coupled climate models, yet the answer from those models with respect to the zonal SST gradient remains unclear. The majority of the current- and previousgeneration models project a mean El Niño–like responsein the tropical Pacific, wit ...
... All of these processes are included in current state-ofthe-art coupled climate models, yet the answer from those models with respect to the zonal SST gradient remains unclear. The majority of the current- and previousgeneration models project a mean El Niño–like responsein the tropical Pacific, wit ...
The Marine Nitrogen Cycle: Overview and Challenges
... in the euphotic zone, but a fraction of it escapes remineralization and is exported into the dark interior ocean (aphotic zone). There, it is remineralized back to its inorganic forms. Finally, these inorganic forms are transported back to the euphotic zone by ocean circulation and mixing, where the ...
... in the euphotic zone, but a fraction of it escapes remineralization and is exported into the dark interior ocean (aphotic zone). There, it is remineralized back to its inorganic forms. Finally, these inorganic forms are transported back to the euphotic zone by ocean circulation and mixing, where the ...
Electrochemical Acceleration of Chemical Weathering as an
... HCl removed from the ocean and neutralized increases ocean alkalinity by 1 mol, and on short time scales (∼100 y), each additional mole of alkalinity causes ∼1 mol of atmospheric CO2(g) to dissolve into the ocean (19). Mixing processes will distribute the additional alkalinity into deeper water over ...
... HCl removed from the ocean and neutralized increases ocean alkalinity by 1 mol, and on short time scales (∼100 y), each additional mole of alkalinity causes ∼1 mol of atmospheric CO2(g) to dissolve into the ocean (19). Mixing processes will distribute the additional alkalinity into deeper water over ...
An Analysis of Carbon Sequestration on Clarkson University`s Campus
... There are many options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, in order for the reductions to be significant, many different methods need to be implemented. Lifestyle changes on an individual level up to national policies have the ability to make a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions. The ...
... There are many options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, in order for the reductions to be significant, many different methods need to be implemented. Lifestyle changes on an individual level up to national policies have the ability to make a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions. The ...
The role of ocean transport in the uptake of
... is of similar magnitude as that of climate-carbon cycle feedbacks in a single model, emphasizing the important role of ocean transport in the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 . ...
... is of similar magnitude as that of climate-carbon cycle feedbacks in a single model, emphasizing the important role of ocean transport in the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 . ...
climate change in the african drylands
... increasingly degraded and unproductive. Climate change is now aggravating these challenges. However, combating climate change and adapting communities to its impacts represents an opportunity for new and more sustainable investments and management choices that can also contribute to improved livelih ...
... increasingly degraded and unproductive. Climate change is now aggravating these challenges. However, combating climate change and adapting communities to its impacts represents an opportunity for new and more sustainable investments and management choices that can also contribute to improved livelih ...
Climate-driven enrichment of pollutants in peatlands
... Peatlands cover about 5–8% of the earth’s continental surface and contain one third of the total soil carbon stock (IPCC, 2000), playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Depending on climatic conditions they may act as sinks or sources of carbon and other elements. A strong connection between ...
... Peatlands cover about 5–8% of the earth’s continental surface and contain one third of the total soil carbon stock (IPCC, 2000), playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Depending on climatic conditions they may act as sinks or sources of carbon and other elements. A strong connection between ...
Enhanced weathering strategies for stabilizing climate and averting
... sensitivity, are summarized in Table 1. For high application rates, warming averted ranges from 0.9 to 2.2 ◦ C for RCP4.5 and from 0.7 to 1.6 ◦ C for RCP8.5 (Table 1). At low application rates, corresponding ranges of warming averted are 0.2–0.7 ◦ C for both RCPs (Table 1). These numbers suggest tha ...
... sensitivity, are summarized in Table 1. For high application rates, warming averted ranges from 0.9 to 2.2 ◦ C for RCP4.5 and from 0.7 to 1.6 ◦ C for RCP8.5 (Table 1). At low application rates, corresponding ranges of warming averted are 0.2–0.7 ◦ C for both RCPs (Table 1). These numbers suggest tha ...
Recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 associated with
... effect of temperature through the alleviation of temperature limitations to growth in colder regions, and the extension of the growing season, observable as an increase in vegetation cover in satellite observations. A global greening of the Earth’s surface has been reported in satellite observations ...
... effect of temperature through the alleviation of temperature limitations to growth in colder regions, and the extension of the growing season, observable as an increase in vegetation cover in satellite observations. A global greening of the Earth’s surface has been reported in satellite observations ...
Climate and Air Quality - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
... constituents are controlled by mechanisms involving both terrestrial and ocean ecosystems (IPCC 2001a; Prentice and Raynaud 2001; Steffen et al. 2004; Joos and Prentice 2004). However, the balance of these mechanisms is not well understood, and this implies uncertainties in predicting future changes ...
... constituents are controlled by mechanisms involving both terrestrial and ocean ecosystems (IPCC 2001a; Prentice and Raynaud 2001; Steffen et al. 2004; Joos and Prentice 2004). However, the balance of these mechanisms is not well understood, and this implies uncertainties in predicting future changes ...
solas 2015-2025 - Surface Ocean
... These include various geoengineering strategies that propose manipulation of the surface oceanlower atmosphere environment to mitigate future climate change. SOLAS is the only organisation in place to facilitate integrated ocean-atmosphere research, across disciplinary and national boundaries. Impor ...
... These include various geoengineering strategies that propose manipulation of the surface oceanlower atmosphere environment to mitigate future climate change. SOLAS is the only organisation in place to facilitate integrated ocean-atmosphere research, across disciplinary and national boundaries. Impor ...
Thanks Jim - International Biochar Initiative
... announces that the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) has submitted a proposal to include biochar as a mitigation and adaptation technology to be considered in the post-2012-Copenhagen agenda of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A copy of the proposal i ...
... announces that the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) has submitted a proposal to include biochar as a mitigation and adaptation technology to be considered in the post-2012-Copenhagen agenda of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A copy of the proposal i ...
Simulating effects of land use changes on carbon fluxes: past
... and Ciais, 2004). This limitation can be overcome by endogenous modelling of LULUC processes based on spatially explicit land use maps. Previous global studies taking this approach used terrestrial models either forced by prescribed climate fields and atmospheric CO2 (McGuire et al., 2001) or run as ...
... and Ciais, 2004). This limitation can be overcome by endogenous modelling of LULUC processes based on spatially explicit land use maps. Previous global studies taking this approach used terrestrial models either forced by prescribed climate fields and atmospheric CO2 (McGuire et al., 2001) or run as ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.