The effects of buffer and temperature feedback on the
... feedback is negligible compared with the buffer feedback. The result also indicates that ocean carbonate chemistry is insensitive to global temperature. Warming caused by the increase of atmospheric CO2 has no substantial impact on the oceanic carbon cycle but may significantly influence terrestrial ...
... feedback is negligible compared with the buffer feedback. The result also indicates that ocean carbonate chemistry is insensitive to global temperature. Warming caused by the increase of atmospheric CO2 has no substantial impact on the oceanic carbon cycle but may significantly influence terrestrial ...
Ocean acidification - Natural England publications
... A special introductory guide for policy advisers and decision makers There is a clear consensus from the many scientific statements that are now being made about ocean acidification, that rapid, unprecedented changes are occurring. This introductory guide is written especially for policy advisers ...
... A special introductory guide for policy advisers and decision makers There is a clear consensus from the many scientific statements that are now being made about ocean acidification, that rapid, unprecedented changes are occurring. This introductory guide is written especially for policy advisers ...
Summary for Policymakers
... Geoengineering proposals that do not reduce atmospheric CO2 – for example, methods that focus solely on temperature (such as aerosol backscatter or reduction of greenhouse gases other than CO2) – will not prevent ocean acidification. Adding alkaline minerals to the ocean would be effective and eco ...
... Geoengineering proposals that do not reduce atmospheric CO2 – for example, methods that focus solely on temperature (such as aerosol backscatter or reduction of greenhouse gases other than CO2) – will not prevent ocean acidification. Adding alkaline minerals to the ocean would be effective and eco ...
Two Decades of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
... maximizing time-mean depth gradually shoals from about 1200 m in the far south to near 800 m in the far north. It lies at about 1000 m over a large latitude range in the northern subtropics. Large temporal variations at low latitudes are consistent with the expected short adjustment time scales ther ...
... maximizing time-mean depth gradually shoals from about 1200 m in the far south to near 800 m in the far north. It lies at about 1000 m over a large latitude range in the northern subtropics. Large temporal variations at low latitudes are consistent with the expected short adjustment time scales ther ...
Eutrophication and the macroscope - URI EDC
... applies across a wide variety of coastal systems. Since it is relatively inexpensive to monitor chlorophyll, vertical light attenuation coefficients, and incident radiation, perhaps in association with periodic calibrations using local 14C uptake measurements, it seems that the issue of costly monit ...
... applies across a wide variety of coastal systems. Since it is relatively inexpensive to monitor chlorophyll, vertical light attenuation coefficients, and incident radiation, perhaps in association with periodic calibrations using local 14C uptake measurements, it seems that the issue of costly monit ...
SCOR (2013)
... Geoengineering proposals that do not reduce atmospheric CO2 – for example, methods that focus solely on temperature (such as aerosol backscatter or reduction of greenhouse gases other than CO2) – will not prevent ocean acidification. Adding alkaline minerals to the ocean would be effective and eco ...
... Geoengineering proposals that do not reduce atmospheric CO2 – for example, methods that focus solely on temperature (such as aerosol backscatter or reduction of greenhouse gases other than CO2) – will not prevent ocean acidification. Adding alkaline minerals to the ocean would be effective and eco ...
A synthesis of the arctic terrestrial and marine carbon cycles under
... in the sea ice zone since several studies indicated significant sources of methane in the Arctic Ocean—up to 17 Tg CH4 year-1 (Damm et al. 2010; Shakhova et al. 2010, 2014; Kort et al. 2012; Vancoppenolle et al. 2013). Gas hydrates represent a large potential source of methane from the ocean floor ( ...
... in the sea ice zone since several studies indicated significant sources of methane in the Arctic Ocean—up to 17 Tg CH4 year-1 (Damm et al. 2010; Shakhova et al. 2010, 2014; Kort et al. 2012; Vancoppenolle et al. 2013). Gas hydrates represent a large potential source of methane from the ocean floor ( ...
Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers
... Geoengineering proposals that do not reduce atmospheric CO2 – for example, methods that focus solely on temperature (such as aerosol backscatter or reduction of greenhouse gases other than CO2) – will not prevent ocean acidification. Adding alkaline minerals to the ocean would be effective and eco ...
... Geoengineering proposals that do not reduce atmospheric CO2 – for example, methods that focus solely on temperature (such as aerosol backscatter or reduction of greenhouse gases other than CO2) – will not prevent ocean acidification. Adding alkaline minerals to the ocean would be effective and eco ...
Marine productivity response to Heinrich events
... the marine response seen in data (Eastern Equatorial Pacific, Southern Ocean, see Table 1). These regional differences between model results and marine sediment records suggest that physical or biogeochemical processes might be missing or underestimated in these models. Such model-data mismatches ne ...
... the marine response seen in data (Eastern Equatorial Pacific, Southern Ocean, see Table 1). These regional differences between model results and marine sediment records suggest that physical or biogeochemical processes might be missing or underestimated in these models. Such model-data mismatches ne ...
Eco-physiological adaptations that favour freshwater cyanobacteria
... warming trend is expected to continue, with higher latitudes warming more than lower latitudes (Solomon et al., 2007). Warming will be strongest in winter for northern areas in Europe and North America and most of Asia, and warming is predicted to be stronger in summer for the southern areas of Euro ...
... warming trend is expected to continue, with higher latitudes warming more than lower latitudes (Solomon et al., 2007). Warming will be strongest in winter for northern areas in Europe and North America and most of Asia, and warming is predicted to be stronger in summer for the southern areas of Euro ...
Impact of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on Ocean
... find a small negative correlation between H and q. We suggest that this is due to methodological differences. In particular, Geoffroy et al. [2013b] include the ocean mixed layer, the atmosphere, and the land domain in the upper layer of the EBM, while here we have focused on the ocean domain. We al ...
... find a small negative correlation between H and q. We suggest that this is due to methodological differences. In particular, Geoffroy et al. [2013b] include the ocean mixed layer, the atmosphere, and the land domain in the upper layer of the EBM, while here we have focused on the ocean domain. We al ...
Atlantic meridional heat transports computed from balancing Earth`s
... directly how the AMOC peak transports fluctuate in latitude as well as time. We can also extend the record back in time. The approach has been used in the past [Trenberth and Caron, 2001; Trenberth and Fasullo, 2008], but results based upon new data and more recent higher-resolution atmospheric reana ...
... directly how the AMOC peak transports fluctuate in latitude as well as time. We can also extend the record back in time. The approach has been used in the past [Trenberth and Caron, 2001; Trenberth and Fasullo, 2008], but results based upon new data and more recent higher-resolution atmospheric reana ...
Global Climate Change - Railway Tie Association
... and soil. They are not adding much new carbon because they are decaying at about the same rate as they are growing. In financial terms, this is like a company that has a lot of assets but is operating on a break-even basis. Young forests have a smaller balance of carbon compared to old forests but t ...
... and soil. They are not adding much new carbon because they are decaying at about the same rate as they are growing. In financial terms, this is like a company that has a lot of assets but is operating on a break-even basis. Young forests have a smaller balance of carbon compared to old forests but t ...
Impact of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
... dashed line denotes the uniform metric for the downward extent, DAMOC , of the upper overturning cell. CMIP5 models: (a) ACCESS1-0, (b) CCSM4, (c) CNRM-CM5, (d) GFDL-ESM2M, (e) GFDL-CM3, (f ) MPI-ESM-LR, (g) MRI-CGCM3, and (h) NorESM1-M. ...
... dashed line denotes the uniform metric for the downward extent, DAMOC , of the upper overturning cell. CMIP5 models: (a) ACCESS1-0, (b) CCSM4, (c) CNRM-CM5, (d) GFDL-ESM2M, (e) GFDL-CM3, (f ) MPI-ESM-LR, (g) MRI-CGCM3, and (h) NorESM1-M. ...
PORSEC 2016 Accepted Abstracts - Universidade Federal do Ceará
... Remote sensing can be used for features of the changes studies of a site as a result of urban progress. From satellite images can be obtained environmental data post-processing, provide subsidies in the assessment of the changes as, for example, use and land cover and temperature variation. With the ...
... Remote sensing can be used for features of the changes studies of a site as a result of urban progress. From satellite images can be obtained environmental data post-processing, provide subsidies in the assessment of the changes as, for example, use and land cover and temperature variation. With the ...
Carbon – environmental disaster or an exciting new financial product
... The trees provide the company with auditable carbon credits, which can be used to offset emissions in Australia. Then there is the voluntary carbon market populated by entrepreneurs in numerous online shop fronts for tree planting projects like those criticised by James Lovelock below. You can buy ...
... The trees provide the company with auditable carbon credits, which can be used to offset emissions in Australia. Then there is the voluntary carbon market populated by entrepreneurs in numerous online shop fronts for tree planting projects like those criticised by James Lovelock below. You can buy ...
Coccolithophores: From Extant Populations to Fossil Assemblages
... The unquestionable importance of coccoliths in biostratigraphy is due to their abundance and diversity in marine sediments, their wide geographic distribution, and their rapid evolution since their first appearance in the Late Triassic. Therefore, they have been extensively used during the past 40 y ...
... The unquestionable importance of coccoliths in biostratigraphy is due to their abundance and diversity in marine sediments, their wide geographic distribution, and their rapid evolution since their first appearance in the Late Triassic. Therefore, they have been extensively used during the past 40 y ...
Advances in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics from US GLOBEC: The
... changes in the Aleutian Low winds. In the Northwest Atlantic, changes in the AO, and in its regional expression, the NAO, forced similar changes in Arctic Ocean circulation, with strong downstream (Arctic outflow) impacts on the Northwest Atlantic ecosystems. In the Southern Ocean, changes in the SA ...
... changes in the Aleutian Low winds. In the Northwest Atlantic, changes in the AO, and in its regional expression, the NAO, forced similar changes in Arctic Ocean circulation, with strong downstream (Arctic outflow) impacts on the Northwest Atlantic ecosystems. In the Southern Ocean, changes in the SA ...
Climate-biosphere interactions on glacial
... albedo fell and temperature rose by 0.1 and 1.6C, respectively, from 60N – 90N. [17] Four papers have examined the effects of vegetation changes between the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the Holocene on LGM climates [Crowley and Baum, 1997; Kubatzki and Claussen, 1998; Levis et al., 1999; Wyputt ...
... albedo fell and temperature rose by 0.1 and 1.6C, respectively, from 60N – 90N. [17] Four papers have examined the effects of vegetation changes between the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the Holocene on LGM climates [Crowley and Baum, 1997; Kubatzki and Claussen, 1998; Levis et al., 1999; Wyputt ...
Insights from the ocean carbon cycle
... detectable in both surface and subsurface waters and are earlier verifiable and more widespread for carbon cycle tracers than for temperature. This suggests that multitracer observations of both physical and biogeochemical variables would enable an earlier detection of potential changes in marine ENS ...
... detectable in both surface and subsurface waters and are earlier verifiable and more widespread for carbon cycle tracers than for temperature. This suggests that multitracer observations of both physical and biogeochemical variables would enable an earlier detection of potential changes in marine ENS ...
Ocean Acidification
... takes place on surface waters; this lowers the pH, creating an acidic environment. Furthermore, due to the changing climate, sea ice has been reduced; this creates many open water surfaces. As more seawater is exposed, more carbon dioxide is able to be absorbed into the ocean. This may further alter ...
... takes place on surface waters; this lowers the pH, creating an acidic environment. Furthermore, due to the changing climate, sea ice has been reduced; this creates many open water surfaces. As more seawater is exposed, more carbon dioxide is able to be absorbed into the ocean. This may further alter ...
The Role of Forest and Soil Carbon Sequestrations on Climate
... carbon has received renewed interest, since carbon sequestration projects in developing nations could receive investments from companies and governments wishing to offset their emissions of greenhouse gases through the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (Fearnside, 1999). Conceptually tree ...
... carbon has received renewed interest, since carbon sequestration projects in developing nations could receive investments from companies and governments wishing to offset their emissions of greenhouse gases through the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (Fearnside, 1999). Conceptually tree ...
A special introductory guide for policy advisers and decision makers
... A special introductory guide for policy advisers and decision makers There is a clear consensus from the many scientific statements that are now being made about ocean acidification, that rapid, unprecedented changes are occurring. This introductory guide is written especially for policy advisers an ...
... A special introductory guide for policy advisers and decision makers There is a clear consensus from the many scientific statements that are now being made about ocean acidification, that rapid, unprecedented changes are occurring. This introductory guide is written especially for policy advisers an ...
oa guide
... A special introductory guide for policy advisers and decision makers There is a clear consensus from the many scientific statements that are now being made about ocean acidification, that rapid, unprecedented changes are occurring. This introductory guide is written especially for policy advisers an ...
... A special introductory guide for policy advisers and decision makers There is a clear consensus from the many scientific statements that are now being made about ocean acidification, that rapid, unprecedented changes are occurring. This introductory guide is written especially for policy advisers an ...
Trophic amplification of climate warming
... 2005). We have previously shown that temperature is more important than wind intensity and direction, salinity, nutrients and oxygen in determining the North Atlantic and North Sea ecosystem dynamic regime (Beaugrand et al. 2008). During the 1980s, the North Sea experienced a change in hydro-climati ...
... 2005). We have previously shown that temperature is more important than wind intensity and direction, salinity, nutrients and oxygen in determining the North Atlantic and North Sea ecosystem dynamic regime (Beaugrand et al. 2008). During the 1980s, the North Sea experienced a change in hydro-climati ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.