References - Palmer LTER
... Antarctica, 1994-97, Deep Sea Research Part II, 48 (19-20), 4199-4221, 2001. Everson, I., Can we satisfactorily estimate variation in krill abundance? , in Antarctic Ocean and resources variability, edited by D. Sahrhage, pp. 199-208, SpringerVerlag, Berlin, 1988. Fasham, M., H.W. Ducklow, and S.M. ...
... Antarctica, 1994-97, Deep Sea Research Part II, 48 (19-20), 4199-4221, 2001. Everson, I., Can we satisfactorily estimate variation in krill abundance? , in Antarctic Ocean and resources variability, edited by D. Sahrhage, pp. 199-208, SpringerVerlag, Berlin, 1988. Fasham, M., H.W. Ducklow, and S.M. ...
Comparative carbon cycle dynamics of the present and last interglacial
... Holocene mechanisms, except for forcings linked to anthropogenic activity, are natural processes that should be active during all other interglacial periods as well. The confidence in the significance of these mechanisms during interglacials is quite different. Some of these processes are quantified in ...
... Holocene mechanisms, except for forcings linked to anthropogenic activity, are natural processes that should be active during all other interglacial periods as well. The confidence in the significance of these mechanisms during interglacials is quite different. Some of these processes are quantified in ...
Comparative carbon cycle dynamics of the present and last interglacial
... Holocene mechanisms, except for forcings linked to anthropogenic activity, are natural processes that should be active during all other interglacial periods as well. The confidence in the significance of these mechanisms during interglacials is quite different. Some of these processes are quantified in ...
... Holocene mechanisms, except for forcings linked to anthropogenic activity, are natural processes that should be active during all other interglacial periods as well. The confidence in the significance of these mechanisms during interglacials is quite different. Some of these processes are quantified in ...
Received: 1 November 2014 IOTC-2014-WPTT16-23
... Development Budget (DIPA APBN) TA 2013 for “Monsoon Onset Monitoring & Its Social & Ecosystem Impacts” project, while its publication and travel is funded by (DIPA APBN) TA 2014 for same project. Unforgetable to thank to Prof. Dr. Weidong Yu (First Insitute of Oceanography, P.R. China) and Prof. Dr. ...
... Development Budget (DIPA APBN) TA 2013 for “Monsoon Onset Monitoring & Its Social & Ecosystem Impacts” project, while its publication and travel is funded by (DIPA APBN) TA 2014 for same project. Unforgetable to thank to Prof. Dr. Weidong Yu (First Insitute of Oceanography, P.R. China) and Prof. Dr. ...
Inclusion of ecologically based trait variation in plant functional types
... Earth system models demonstrate large uncertainty in projected changes in terrestrial carbon budgets. The lack of inclusion of adaptive responses of vegetation communities to the environment has been suggested to hamper the ability of modeled vegetation to adequately respond to environmental change. ...
... Earth system models demonstrate large uncertainty in projected changes in terrestrial carbon budgets. The lack of inclusion of adaptive responses of vegetation communities to the environment has been suggested to hamper the ability of modeled vegetation to adequately respond to environmental change. ...
Ocean Acidification and the UNFCCC
... There are likely to be winners and losers due to rising ocean acidity. It has been suggested that jellyfish,21 algae22 and seagrasses23 could all do better in a high CO2 world. However, these species are unlikely to support the diversity of species and ecosystems that exists in the oceans today and ...
... There are likely to be winners and losers due to rising ocean acidity. It has been suggested that jellyfish,21 algae22 and seagrasses23 could all do better in a high CO2 world. However, these species are unlikely to support the diversity of species and ecosystems that exists in the oceans today and ...
What is carbon? Conceptualising carbon and capabilities in
... of estimating the size of these markets. There is also considerable spatial variability in global carbon markets, demonstrated by the significant variation in carbon prices between carbon tax schemes, from as little as US$1 per tCO2 (tonne of CO2) in Mexico to US$168 in Sweden.28 The result is that t ...
... of estimating the size of these markets. There is also considerable spatial variability in global carbon markets, demonstrated by the significant variation in carbon prices between carbon tax schemes, from as little as US$1 per tCO2 (tonne of CO2) in Mexico to US$168 in Sweden.28 The result is that t ...
The Future of the Thermohaline Circulation – A
... the remarkable sequences of abrupt warmings and slower coolings registered in various ice cores from the Greenland ice sheet. They serve as model events although it should be noted that they are signals at a very remote and special location on the planet. Dansgaard et al. (1993) counted 24 of these ...
... the remarkable sequences of abrupt warmings and slower coolings registered in various ice cores from the Greenland ice sheet. They serve as model events although it should be noted that they are signals at a very remote and special location on the planet. Dansgaard et al. (1993) counted 24 of these ...
Bacterial Extracellular Enzymatic Activity in Globally Changing
... form and catalyse reactions detached from their producers. Bacterial extracellular enzymes may be actively secreted by intact viable cells, released into the environment by viral lysis, or result from ectoenzymes that leak from the bacterial cell when the later is being predated [16]. Extracellular ...
... form and catalyse reactions detached from their producers. Bacterial extracellular enzymes may be actively secreted by intact viable cells, released into the environment by viral lysis, or result from ectoenzymes that leak from the bacterial cell when the later is being predated [16]. Extracellular ...
Download the full paper
... Much of the policy advice provided by climate economists uses complex numeric models that are conceived as black boxes by outsiders. Analytic models provide qualitative insight, but usually lack the detail needed for a quantitative understanding of climate policy. This paper helps to bridge the two ...
... Much of the policy advice provided by climate economists uses complex numeric models that are conceived as black boxes by outsiders. Analytic models provide qualitative insight, but usually lack the detail needed for a quantitative understanding of climate policy. This paper helps to bridge the two ...
Dissertation from the Department of Geological Sciences No. Lipid
... and preservation of organic matter (Moore and Basiliko, 2006). In lakes and oceans the degradation of dead biomass proceds rapidly in the water column and continues in the surface layers of the sediments and just a small amount of the biological production of OM escapes remineralization and accumula ...
... and preservation of organic matter (Moore and Basiliko, 2006). In lakes and oceans the degradation of dead biomass proceds rapidly in the water column and continues in the surface layers of the sediments and just a small amount of the biological production of OM escapes remineralization and accumula ...
Carbon dioxide and climate impulse response functions for the
... such as global temperature change potential (GTP) (Shine et al., 2005; Fuglestvedt et al., 2010), the integrated temperature change potential (iGTP) (Peters et al., 2011; Azar and Johansson, 2012; Gillett and Matthews, 2010), the TEMPerature proxy index (TEMP) (Tanaka et al., 2009a), global damage p ...
... such as global temperature change potential (GTP) (Shine et al., 2005; Fuglestvedt et al., 2010), the integrated temperature change potential (iGTP) (Peters et al., 2011; Azar and Johansson, 2012; Gillett and Matthews, 2010), the TEMPerature proxy index (TEMP) (Tanaka et al., 2009a), global damage p ...
Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate
... from inland waters to the atmosphere are similar in magnitude to the carbon dioxide uptake by the oceans and that the global burial of organic carbon in inland water sediments exceeds organic carbon sequestration on the ocean floor. The role of inland waters in global carbon cycling and climate forc ...
... from inland waters to the atmosphere are similar in magnitude to the carbon dioxide uptake by the oceans and that the global burial of organic carbon in inland water sediments exceeds organic carbon sequestration on the ocean floor. The role of inland waters in global carbon cycling and climate forc ...
Long-term effects of warming and ocean acidification are modified
... isolation, including biodiversity loss [57] and changes in temperature and ocean acidification, affect species behaviour and, subsequently, nutrient turnover and primary production at the ecosystem level [44,47]. It is also known that species are not necessarily sedentary and move between habitat pa ...
... isolation, including biodiversity loss [57] and changes in temperature and ocean acidification, affect species behaviour and, subsequently, nutrient turnover and primary production at the ecosystem level [44,47]. It is also known that species are not necessarily sedentary and move between habitat pa ...
On the climate response of the low
... interaction with sea-ice. Furthermore, because of the technical difficulties of measuring salinity (and precipitation/evaporation over ocean), there are relatively few observations with which to validate models. In an attempt to resolve some of these outstanding issues, this paper aims to investigate ...
... interaction with sea-ice. Furthermore, because of the technical difficulties of measuring salinity (and precipitation/evaporation over ocean), there are relatively few observations with which to validate models. In an attempt to resolve some of these outstanding issues, this paper aims to investigate ...
Projected impacts of climate change and ocean
... Abstract. Planktonic Foraminifera are a major contributor to the deep carbonate flux and their microfossil deposits form one of the richest databases for reconstructing paleoenvironments, particularly through changes in their taxonomic and shell composition. Using an empirically based planktonic for ...
... Abstract. Planktonic Foraminifera are a major contributor to the deep carbonate flux and their microfossil deposits form one of the richest databases for reconstructing paleoenvironments, particularly through changes in their taxonomic and shell composition. Using an empirically based planktonic for ...
Combining effects of ozone and carbon dioxide application on
... This research investigated the effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on photosynthesis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105. Seedlings were kept in indoor climate control chambers which were set to typically background level of ozone (<10 ppb) by passing inlet air from outsid ...
... This research investigated the effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on photosynthesis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105. Seedlings were kept in indoor climate control chambers which were set to typically background level of ozone (<10 ppb) by passing inlet air from outsid ...
Disturbance and the carbon balance of US forests: A quantitative
... windthrow and bark beetles, and lastly droughts. Collectively these lead to the gross loss of about 200 Tg C y−1 in live biomass annually across the conterminous US. At the same time, the net change in forest carbon stocks is positive (190 Tg C y−1), indicating not only forest resilience but also an ...
... windthrow and bark beetles, and lastly droughts. Collectively these lead to the gross loss of about 200 Tg C y−1 in live biomass annually across the conterminous US. At the same time, the net change in forest carbon stocks is positive (190 Tg C y−1), indicating not only forest resilience but also an ...
The Relationship between Land–Ocean Surface Temperature
... suggests that radiative forcing or LST perturbations are relatively unimportant, as argued by CS09 and D09 (the hypothesis was not made by CS09 or by D09, but it would be strong support for their work if true). Note that a third possibility for the relative time invariance of f under radiative forci ...
... suggests that radiative forcing or LST perturbations are relatively unimportant, as argued by CS09 and D09 (the hypothesis was not made by CS09 or by D09, but it would be strong support for their work if true). Note that a third possibility for the relative time invariance of f under radiative forci ...
Vulnerability of pelagic systems in the Great Barrier Reef
... There are few data on broad scale (ie kilometres to hundreds of kilometres) abundance patterns of plankton on the GBR. Some data indicate total plankton is most abundant in nearshore waters, followed by mid-shelf then outer waters138. This corroborates with a concentration of schooling planktivorous ...
... There are few data on broad scale (ie kilometres to hundreds of kilometres) abundance patterns of plankton on the GBR. Some data indicate total plankton is most abundant in nearshore waters, followed by mid-shelf then outer waters138. This corroborates with a concentration of schooling planktivorous ...
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The... copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research
... days, longer growing seasons, intense tropical cyclone activity with greater wind speeds and heavier precipitation, significant glacier retreat acceleration, and an increase in the frequency of warm spells, heat waves, and other episodic meteorological events (Timmermann et al., 1999; Urban et al., 2 ...
... days, longer growing seasons, intense tropical cyclone activity with greater wind speeds and heavier precipitation, significant glacier retreat acceleration, and an increase in the frequency of warm spells, heat waves, and other episodic meteorological events (Timmermann et al., 1999; Urban et al., 2 ...
Chapter12_January2013 - IARC Research
... on Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data in March and September, respectively (Frey et al. 2012). As the ice melts in spring, increased light and salinity-induced stabilization of the water column initiate the phytoplankton bloom (Sakshaug 2004) ...
... on Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data in March and September, respectively (Frey et al. 2012). As the ice melts in spring, increased light and salinity-induced stabilization of the water column initiate the phytoplankton bloom (Sakshaug 2004) ...
Update on Selected Climate Issues of Concern
... 3. Reductions in emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere constitute the backbone of any meaningful effort to mitigate global climate warming. Black carbon, tropospheric ozone, and methane may, however, contribute to Arctic warming to a degree comparable to the impacts of carbon dioxide, though there is s ...
... 3. Reductions in emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere constitute the backbone of any meaningful effort to mitigate global climate warming. Black carbon, tropospheric ozone, and methane may, however, contribute to Arctic warming to a degree comparable to the impacts of carbon dioxide, though there is s ...
Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production
... two phytoplankton PFTs and at least one zooplankton PFT. For the models taken from the CMIP5 archive, only the first ensemble member (r1i1p1) was used. These criteria led us to use data from eight different marine ecosystem models: diat-HadOCC, BEC, TOPAZ, PISCES, MEM, PELAGOS, REcoM2 and PlankTOM5. ...
... two phytoplankton PFTs and at least one zooplankton PFT. For the models taken from the CMIP5 archive, only the first ensemble member (r1i1p1) was used. These criteria led us to use data from eight different marine ecosystem models: diat-HadOCC, BEC, TOPAZ, PISCES, MEM, PELAGOS, REcoM2 and PlankTOM5. ...
Carbon and climate system coupling on timescales from the
... Introduction and Motivation The carbon cycle is one of the fundamental processes in the functioning of earth system, intimately connected with both planetary climate and ecology. On the time scale of the human experience, the carbon cycle links human economic activity directly to the geophysical sy ...
... Introduction and Motivation The carbon cycle is one of the fundamental processes in the functioning of earth system, intimately connected with both planetary climate and ecology. On the time scale of the human experience, the carbon cycle links human economic activity directly to the geophysical sy ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.