Carbon cycle implications of terrestrial weathering changes since
... through its coupling with calcium carbonate deposition in the ocean, is the primary sink of carbon on geological timescales (Urey 1952; Walker et al. 1981). The rate at which these processes remove carbon from the Earth system is sensitive to changes in the environment, notably temperature (Berner 1 ...
... through its coupling with calcium carbonate deposition in the ocean, is the primary sink of carbon on geological timescales (Urey 1952; Walker et al. 1981). The rate at which these processes remove carbon from the Earth system is sensitive to changes in the environment, notably temperature (Berner 1 ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Exponentially rising CO2 (currently ~400 latm) is driving climate change and causing acidification of both marine and freshwater environments. Physiologists have long known that CO2 directly affects acid–base and ion regulation, respiratory function and aerobic performance in aquatic animals. More r ...
... Exponentially rising CO2 (currently ~400 latm) is driving climate change and causing acidification of both marine and freshwater environments. Physiologists have long known that CO2 directly affects acid–base and ion regulation, respiratory function and aerobic performance in aquatic animals. More r ...
Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration
... fraction of short-wavelength solar radiation reflected from Earth back into space) have traditionally been lumped together under the term “geoengineering” but are sufficiently different that they deserved to be discussed in separate volumes. Carbon dioxide removal strategies, discussed in the first ...
... fraction of short-wavelength solar radiation reflected from Earth back into space) have traditionally been lumped together under the term “geoengineering” but are sufficiently different that they deserved to be discussed in separate volumes. Carbon dioxide removal strategies, discussed in the first ...
Impacts of climate-related geo-engineering on biological
... Available at: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/299/5615/2005.abstract Large, abrupt, and widespread climate changes with major impacts have occurred repeatedly in the past, when the Earth system was forced across thresholds. Although abrupt climate changes can occur for many reasons, it is conceiva ...
... Available at: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/299/5615/2005.abstract Large, abrupt, and widespread climate changes with major impacts have occurred repeatedly in the past, when the Earth system was forced across thresholds. Although abrupt climate changes can occur for many reasons, it is conceiva ...
Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying
... While this is an important area for improvement (McElhany & Busch, 2012), we rely on the authors’ designations of control pH for the current analysis, which range from pHT 7.8 to 8.2. The pH total scale is used throughout the study when absolute pH values are indicated. Data from any experiment that ...
... While this is an important area for improvement (McElhany & Busch, 2012), we rely on the authors’ designations of control pH for the current analysis, which range from pHT 7.8 to 8.2. The pH total scale is used throughout the study when absolute pH values are indicated. Data from any experiment that ...
Vulnerability and Feedbacks of Permafrost to Climate Change
... Future thermokarst lake dynamics (drainage or growth) will affect methane emissions and carbon sequestration and thus permafrost– carbon cycle feedbacks. Changes in thermokarst lake extent observed during recent decades show both increases and decreases in area depending on region. Other processes ...
... Future thermokarst lake dynamics (drainage or growth) will affect methane emissions and carbon sequestration and thus permafrost– carbon cycle feedbacks. Changes in thermokarst lake extent observed during recent decades show both increases and decreases in area depending on region. Other processes ...
Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and
... response to this request realized that carbon dioxide removal and albedo modification (i.e., modification of the fraction of short-wavelength solar radiation reflected from Earth back into space) have traditionally been lumped together under the term “geoengineering” but are sufficiently different t ...
... response to this request realized that carbon dioxide removal and albedo modification (i.e., modification of the fraction of short-wavelength solar radiation reflected from Earth back into space) have traditionally been lumped together under the term “geoengineering” but are sufficiently different t ...
Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration
... response to this request realized that carbon dioxide removal and albedo modification (i.e., modification of the fraction of short-wavelength solar radiation reflected from Earth back into space) have traditionally been lumped together under the term “geoengineering” but are sufficiently different t ...
... response to this request realized that carbon dioxide removal and albedo modification (i.e., modification of the fraction of short-wavelength solar radiation reflected from Earth back into space) have traditionally been lumped together under the term “geoengineering” but are sufficiently different t ...
English
... constitutes “large scale”. A few hundred km2? A few thousand km2? On the basis that large-scale is not necessarily the same as regional or global-scale (otherwise that could have been stated) then relatively local – and short-term – weather modification techniques, such as cloud seeding, would seem ...
... constitutes “large scale”. A few hundred km2? A few thousand km2? On the basis that large-scale is not necessarily the same as regional or global-scale (otherwise that could have been stated) then relatively local – and short-term – weather modification techniques, such as cloud seeding, would seem ...
coupled - jamstec
... permissible emission. Total reduction of the accumulated CO2 emission to 2300 is about 20%. • If SP550 is the target, 50% reduction until year 2050 is not necessary. However, it results in ~3oC temperature rise. In any way, much further reduction of CO2 is necessary for final stabilization. • Land r ...
... permissible emission. Total reduction of the accumulated CO2 emission to 2300 is about 20%. • If SP550 is the target, 50% reduction until year 2050 is not necessary. However, it results in ~3oC temperature rise. In any way, much further reduction of CO2 is necessary for final stabilization. • Land r ...
Southern Ocean warming delayed by circumpolar up
... feedback’ on SSTs anomalies (relative to the control) with value λ = 1 Wm−2 K−1 , representing the additional energy emitted to space as the surface warms; this value is characteristic of feedbacks found within the CMIP5 GCMs and estimated from satellite observations43 . Equilibrium would ...
... feedback’ on SSTs anomalies (relative to the control) with value λ = 1 Wm−2 K−1 , representing the additional energy emitted to space as the surface warms; this value is characteristic of feedbacks found within the CMIP5 GCMs and estimated from satellite observations43 . Equilibrium would ...
Emulating coupled atmosphere-ocean and carbon cycle models
... forcing at time t. Both amendments are detailed in the Appendix A (see Sects. A4.2 and A4.3). Although these two amendments both modify the same diagnostic, i.e., the timevariable effective sensitivities in MAGICC, they are distinct: the land-ocean heat exchange modification changes the shape of the ...
... forcing at time t. Both amendments are detailed in the Appendix A (see Sects. A4.2 and A4.3). Although these two amendments both modify the same diagnostic, i.e., the timevariable effective sensitivities in MAGICC, they are distinct: the land-ocean heat exchange modification changes the shape of the ...
Carbon and Climate System Coupling on Timescales from
... decline in the future, in part reflecting carbonclimate interactions and the release of additional CO2 (and perhaps CH4 ) to the atmosphere because of warming and hydrological cycle sifts (4, 19). Under some model scenarios, positive carbon-climate interactions could increase anthropogenic warming by ...
... decline in the future, in part reflecting carbonclimate interactions and the release of additional CO2 (and perhaps CH4 ) to the atmosphere because of warming and hydrological cycle sifts (4, 19). Under some model scenarios, positive carbon-climate interactions could increase anthropogenic warming by ...
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Text errors
... A study from northeastern European Russia, covering a lowland taiga-tundra transition from the southern limit to continuous permafrost, indicated that the vulnerable permafrost C (large pool and high lability) was particularly found in paIsa and peat plateau bog deposits (Hugelius and Kuhry, 2009). ...
... A study from northeastern European Russia, covering a lowland taiga-tundra transition from the southern limit to continuous permafrost, indicated that the vulnerable permafrost C (large pool and high lability) was particularly found in paIsa and peat plateau bog deposits (Hugelius and Kuhry, 2009). ...
KLEINER 2009 The bright prospect of biochar
... there’s potential that this could backfire and worsen the climate situation,” she says. Alan Robock, a climate scientist at Rutgers University, also worries that methods to sequester carbon, including biochar production, could distract attention from the need to reduce emissions. “The people who cre ...
... there’s potential that this could backfire and worsen the climate situation,” she says. Alan Robock, a climate scientist at Rutgers University, also worries that methods to sequester carbon, including biochar production, could distract attention from the need to reduce emissions. “The people who cre ...
Regulation of atmospheric CO2 by deep
... 4 and ALK in the deep ocean are insufficient constraints on the fluxes of POC and CaCO3 to the ocean floor, or that a general bias exists toward high CaCO3 rain rates and/or low POC fluxes in our representation of marine carbon cycling. [14] An additional potential source of bias in the model simula ...
... 4 and ALK in the deep ocean are insufficient constraints on the fluxes of POC and CaCO3 to the ocean floor, or that a general bias exists toward high CaCO3 rain rates and/or low POC fluxes in our representation of marine carbon cycling. [14] An additional potential source of bias in the model simula ...
Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with
... after being acted upon by UV radiation and microbes. This DOM is highly photoreactive so exposure to solar UV radiation and visible light accelerate its breakdown and release it to the atmosphere as CO2.30 When permafrost thaws, as much as one third of the organic residues can be converted to CO2 wi ...
... after being acted upon by UV radiation and microbes. This DOM is highly photoreactive so exposure to solar UV radiation and visible light accelerate its breakdown and release it to the atmosphere as CO2.30 When permafrost thaws, as much as one third of the organic residues can be converted to CO2 wi ...
MEMORANDUM To: March 11, 2010
... social, legal, and political acceptability of pursuing geoengineering research and deployment.3 Additionally, because the subcommittee hearing is part of a joint investigation into geoengineering science and governance coordinated by the U.S. House of Representatives and the United Kingdom’s House o ...
... social, legal, and political acceptability of pursuing geoengineering research and deployment.3 Additionally, because the subcommittee hearing is part of a joint investigation into geoengineering science and governance coordinated by the U.S. House of Representatives and the United Kingdom’s House o ...
PDF
... The awareness and willingness of air travellers to pay for voluntary carbon offsets and their co-benefits Abstract Several airlines in Australia have initiated voluntary carbon offset (VCO) programs, called 'Fly Carbon Neutral', to encourage their customers to offset the carbon emissions of their f ...
... The awareness and willingness of air travellers to pay for voluntary carbon offsets and their co-benefits Abstract Several airlines in Australia have initiated voluntary carbon offset (VCO) programs, called 'Fly Carbon Neutral', to encourage their customers to offset the carbon emissions of their f ...
New Policy Protocols for Marine ... Research: Lessons Learned from Past ... Studies Stephanie Ann Harrington
... the ocean. These protocols are designed to assist researchers in incorporating public input into their research without compromising the integrity of the science in this new era of intense public scrutiny. The foundation for these protocols is established through an analysis of the relevant national ...
... the ocean. These protocols are designed to assist researchers in incorporating public input into their research without compromising the integrity of the science in this new era of intense public scrutiny. The foundation for these protocols is established through an analysis of the relevant national ...
Management & Engineering
... would expand forest carbon storage capacity to 57 million tons of carbon fixation per year. (4) To strengthen the restoration and management of wetland would increase its carbon storage capacity. There are 338.4855 million hectares of wetland now in China, about 40% of which has been brought into co ...
... would expand forest carbon storage capacity to 57 million tons of carbon fixation per year. (4) To strengthen the restoration and management of wetland would increase its carbon storage capacity. There are 338.4855 million hectares of wetland now in China, about 40% of which has been brought into co ...
The role of land carbon sinks in mitigating global
... possibilities of decreasing emissions of CO2 and other GHGs on the one hand, or increasing the removal of GHGs from the atmosphere on the other. Clearly, since the use of fossil fuels and various forms of land use and land cover change, particularly deforestation, have been identified as the major a ...
... possibilities of decreasing emissions of CO2 and other GHGs on the one hand, or increasing the removal of GHGs from the atmosphere on the other. Clearly, since the use of fossil fuels and various forms of land use and land cover change, particularly deforestation, have been identified as the major a ...
Forestry Actions to Tackle Climate Change and Its Impact on... Emission and Employment Creation in China
... storage capacity to 57 million tons of carbon fixation per year. (4) To strengthen the restoration and management of wetland would increase its carbon storage capacity. There are 338.4855 million hectares of wetland now in China, about 40% of which has been brought into conservation districts. If 30 ...
... storage capacity to 57 million tons of carbon fixation per year. (4) To strengthen the restoration and management of wetland would increase its carbon storage capacity. There are 338.4855 million hectares of wetland now in China, about 40% of which has been brought into conservation districts. If 30 ...
Downloaded
... after being acted upon by UV radiation and microbes. This DOM is highly photoreactive so exposure to solar UV radiation and visible light accelerate its breakdown and release it to the atmosphere as CO2.30 When permafrost thaws, as much as one third of the organic residues can be converted to CO2 wi ...
... after being acted upon by UV radiation and microbes. This DOM is highly photoreactive so exposure to solar UV radiation and visible light accelerate its breakdown and release it to the atmosphere as CO2.30 When permafrost thaws, as much as one third of the organic residues can be converted to CO2 wi ...
Observed 20th Century Desert Dust Variability: Impact on Climate
... effective proxy for mineral dust in deep-sea sediments and corals (Mukhopadhyay and Kreycik, 2008;Patterson et al., 1999;Winckler et al., 2005). The 4He record therefore, provides a near-annual proxy record of dust deposition in the Northern Red Sea during the 20th century. Large fluctuations are ob ...
... effective proxy for mineral dust in deep-sea sediments and corals (Mukhopadhyay and Kreycik, 2008;Patterson et al., 1999;Winckler et al., 2005). The 4He record therefore, provides a near-annual proxy record of dust deposition in the Northern Red Sea during the 20th century. Large fluctuations are ob ...
Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. This is intended to enhance biological productivity, which can benefit the marine food chain and is under investigation in hopes of increasing carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in all plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and is often the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters.A number of ocean labs, scientists and businesses are exploring fertilization as a means to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean, and to increase marine biological productivity which is likely in decline as a result of climate change. Since 1993, thirteen international research teams have completed ocean trials demonstrating that phytoplankton blooms can be stimulated by iron addition. However, controversy remains over the effectiveness of atmospheric CO2 sequestration and ecological effects. The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC).Fertilization also occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs.