D o e i
... ridge hydrothermal vents. The “smoke” consists of metalrich, microscopic particles that form when super hot vent fluid is quenched by cold, abyssal ocean water. Iron and sulfur minerals such as pyrite or “fool’s gold” form first, followed by slower forming iron oxides. In addition, free floating org ...
... ridge hydrothermal vents. The “smoke” consists of metalrich, microscopic particles that form when super hot vent fluid is quenched by cold, abyssal ocean water. Iron and sulfur minerals such as pyrite or “fool’s gold” form first, followed by slower forming iron oxides. In addition, free floating org ...
Earth`s Oceans Power Point
... rivers run into the ocean. Salinity levels are also affected by animals such as clams and oysters that use calcium salts to build their shells. They remove salt from the water. In warm ocean areas where there is little rainfall and much evaporation, the amount of dissolved salts is much greater. In ...
... rivers run into the ocean. Salinity levels are also affected by animals such as clams and oysters that use calcium salts to build their shells. They remove salt from the water. In warm ocean areas where there is little rainfall and much evaporation, the amount of dissolved salts is much greater. In ...
Earth Science
... Ocean - once had a warm climate – tropical plants found – island was close to the equator about 300 million years ago, then moved ...
... Ocean - once had a warm climate – tropical plants found – island was close to the equator about 300 million years ago, then moved ...
Seafloor spreading ws
... The greatest challenge for mountain climbers is Mt. Everest, whose peak rises 8,872 meters above sea level. This is the highest mountain in the world, though many mountains around it are almost as high. Mt. Everest is in the Himalayas, a series of massive ranges that extends 2,500 kilometers across ...
... The greatest challenge for mountain climbers is Mt. Everest, whose peak rises 8,872 meters above sea level. This is the highest mountain in the world, though many mountains around it are almost as high. Mt. Everest is in the Himalayas, a series of massive ranges that extends 2,500 kilometers across ...
henrichs-sinking particles
... phytoplankton and zooplankton reflect changes in the pelagic food web. Sinking plankton (a component of “sinking particles”) collected by sediment traps mainly reflects the extent of grazing on primary production by zooplankton, and productivity variations over time. The material collected by the se ...
... phytoplankton and zooplankton reflect changes in the pelagic food web. Sinking plankton (a component of “sinking particles”) collected by sediment traps mainly reflects the extent of grazing on primary production by zooplankton, and productivity variations over time. The material collected by the se ...
Chapter 02
... 9. The thinnest layer of the earth is the a. inner core. b. outer core. C crust. d. mantle. 10. Which of the following is not true of oceanic crust? a. It is thinner than continental crust b. It is denser than continental crust c. It is geologically younger than continental crust d. It lies below se ...
... 9. The thinnest layer of the earth is the a. inner core. b. outer core. C crust. d. mantle. 10. Which of the following is not true of oceanic crust? a. It is thinner than continental crust b. It is denser than continental crust c. It is geologically younger than continental crust d. It lies below se ...
Oceans of Fun
... Oh, yes it’s such a crazy notion, it’s perpetual motion. It’s underwater comedy! There’s a commotion in the ocean, and it’s lots of fun. The commotion in the ocean is for everyone. So come on in and sit right down, but you might get splashed by a nautical clown! Oh, the commotion in the ocean is ben ...
... Oh, yes it’s such a crazy notion, it’s perpetual motion. It’s underwater comedy! There’s a commotion in the ocean, and it’s lots of fun. The commotion in the ocean is for everyone. So come on in and sit right down, but you might get splashed by a nautical clown! Oh, the commotion in the ocean is ben ...
Chapter 4
... this is a process called subduction. subduction zones create deep trenches… as the plate is subducted (tucked under) heat is released, the mantle partially melts, and magma rises to the surface: VOLCANOES ...
... this is a process called subduction. subduction zones create deep trenches… as the plate is subducted (tucked under) heat is released, the mantle partially melts, and magma rises to the surface: VOLCANOES ...
A Sea Change in Ocean Drilling
... ics and tracing Earth’s changing climate back 100 million years, as well as inventing the field of paleoceanography. Since 1984, that work has been carried out under the 22-country Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), a unique effort that ended in September, 2003. But it will be replaced by something even ...
... ics and tracing Earth’s changing climate back 100 million years, as well as inventing the field of paleoceanography. Since 1984, that work has been carried out under the 22-country Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), a unique effort that ended in September, 2003. But it will be replaced by something even ...
Ocean habitats (“biozones”)
... Stenothermal organisms can tolerate only a narrow range of temperatures (deep and/or mobile organisms) Eurythermal organisms can tolerate a wider range of temperatures (shallow and/or sessile organisms) ...
... Stenothermal organisms can tolerate only a narrow range of temperatures (deep and/or mobile organisms) Eurythermal organisms can tolerate a wider range of temperatures (shallow and/or sessile organisms) ...
The Dynamic Earth Name
... 1) What started a revolution in the Earth Sciences? When was this? 2) How are people at the mercy of plate tectonics? 3) What volcano and where is it located is in the picture at the bottom of the page? 4) CLICK THE RIGHT ARROW>>>>>> 5) What is a plate? 6) What does tectonics mean? 7) In a couple of ...
... 1) What started a revolution in the Earth Sciences? When was this? 2) How are people at the mercy of plate tectonics? 3) What volcano and where is it located is in the picture at the bottom of the page? 4) CLICK THE RIGHT ARROW>>>>>> 5) What is a plate? 6) What does tectonics mean? 7) In a couple of ...
Preserving New Caledonia`s Marine Environment
... The benefits of creating a large reserve The waters of New Caledonia are healthy today because of restrictions on international fishing fleets and destructive trawling techniques. But with growing pressures from commercial and industrial fishing, the future health of the marine environment is not g ...
... The benefits of creating a large reserve The waters of New Caledonia are healthy today because of restrictions on international fishing fleets and destructive trawling techniques. But with growing pressures from commercial and industrial fishing, the future health of the marine environment is not g ...
Atmospheric Response to Atlantic Cold Blob - Blue
... Central/Eastern Europe • Confining SST anomalies to the Atlantic still leads to anomalously warm JJA conditions, but the signal is slightly weaker • Using T ((and S-anomalies) from a hindcast with the same ocean model is a promising route for initialising coupled models when making intra-annual and ...
... Central/Eastern Europe • Confining SST anomalies to the Atlantic still leads to anomalously warm JJA conditions, but the signal is slightly weaker • Using T ((and S-anomalies) from a hindcast with the same ocean model is a promising route for initialising coupled models when making intra-annual and ...
Introduction to Plate Tectonics
... – a great mountain range on the ocean floor, the global mid-ocean ridge, encircled the Earth. • more than 50,000 kilometers (km) long and up to 1000 km across • zig-zags between the continents • Rising about 4,500 meters(m) above the sea floor, – Taller than all mountains in the US except for Mount ...
... – a great mountain range on the ocean floor, the global mid-ocean ridge, encircled the Earth. • more than 50,000 kilometers (km) long and up to 1000 km across • zig-zags between the continents • Rising about 4,500 meters(m) above the sea floor, – Taller than all mountains in the US except for Mount ...
Plate Tectonics Part 1
... FIG. 2.3 The ocean floor showing plate boundaries, oceanic ridges, where new oceanic crust is created by volcanism (red lines with thin arrows), fault and fracture zones (red lines without thin arrows), and trench zones (thick, dark blue bands). Map of earth with features ...
... FIG. 2.3 The ocean floor showing plate boundaries, oceanic ridges, where new oceanic crust is created by volcanism (red lines with thin arrows), fault and fracture zones (red lines without thin arrows), and trench zones (thick, dark blue bands). Map of earth with features ...
the Transcript ()
... What would you say would be the consequences of changes in the salinity of the ocean? What we’re worried about in terms of oceanography is that if the northern regions of the Atlantic become very fresh, due to the melting of the Arctic sea ice, due to increased precipitation, due to melting of Green ...
... What would you say would be the consequences of changes in the salinity of the ocean? What we’re worried about in terms of oceanography is that if the northern regions of the Atlantic become very fresh, due to the melting of the Arctic sea ice, due to increased precipitation, due to melting of Green ...
Chapter 2, Section 4
... As it rises, some of the rock melts to form magma. Why does melting happen there? To understand that, you need to know that the melting temperature of rock decreases as the pressure on the rock decreases. As the mantle rock rises, its temperature stays about the same because cooling takes a long tim ...
... As it rises, some of the rock melts to form magma. Why does melting happen there? To understand that, you need to know that the melting temperature of rock decreases as the pressure on the rock decreases. As the mantle rock rises, its temperature stays about the same because cooling takes a long tim ...
Teacher Guide - Math/Science Nucleus
... Many of these ions can be combined into molecules that are used by living organisms. For example, little critters (protist) like foraminifers require CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) to make skeletons. Radiolaria another protozoa require SiO3 (silica dioxide) to make their skeleton. Other components can be ...
... Many of these ions can be combined into molecules that are used by living organisms. For example, little critters (protist) like foraminifers require CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) to make skeletons. Radiolaria another protozoa require SiO3 (silica dioxide) to make their skeleton. Other components can be ...
Ocean Thermal Resources and OTEC Site Selection Criteria
... and 4 respectively. Values are color coded as indicated in the right-hand-side of the Figures. The values were obtained by Prof. Nihous from the National Ocean Data Center’s World Ocean Atlas. Deep seawater flows from the Polar Regions. These polar water, which represents up to 60% of all seawater, ...
... and 4 respectively. Values are color coded as indicated in the right-hand-side of the Figures. The values were obtained by Prof. Nihous from the National Ocean Data Center’s World Ocean Atlas. Deep seawater flows from the Polar Regions. These polar water, which represents up to 60% of all seawater, ...
Content review with outline and thought questions
... b.Anaerobic bacteria—bacteria which live in an oxygen-free (anoxic) environment, but obtain oxygen for respiration from other sources, such as SO4-2 (sulfate ion) and release H2S (hydrogen sulfide gas) as a by-product of decay. 4. Most bacteria are heterotrophs, but two types are autotrophs: a. Cyan ...
... b.Anaerobic bacteria—bacteria which live in an oxygen-free (anoxic) environment, but obtain oxygen for respiration from other sources, such as SO4-2 (sulfate ion) and release H2S (hydrogen sulfide gas) as a by-product of decay. 4. Most bacteria are heterotrophs, but two types are autotrophs: a. Cyan ...
K-12 Partnership Lesson Plan
... increase leading to a large amount of carbon dioxide being emitted into the atmosphere. This is leading to increase global temperatures, ocean acidification from high amounts of dissolved CO2 in the water, increasing ice melts, and more severe weather patterns (i.e. tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts). ...
... increase leading to a large amount of carbon dioxide being emitted into the atmosphere. This is leading to increase global temperatures, ocean acidification from high amounts of dissolved CO2 in the water, increasing ice melts, and more severe weather patterns (i.e. tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts). ...
A sea of microbes: the diversity and activity of marine microorganisms
... biomass is microbial. Indeed, seawater from all marine environments, ranging from the warm and sunlit upper ocean to the cold, dark and anoxic deep sea floor, and from the tropics to the arctic, is teeming with microbial life. A single teaspoon of seawater typically contains over 50 million viruses, ...
... biomass is microbial. Indeed, seawater from all marine environments, ranging from the warm and sunlit upper ocean to the cold, dark and anoxic deep sea floor, and from the tropics to the arctic, is teeming with microbial life. A single teaspoon of seawater typically contains over 50 million viruses, ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.