Slide 1 - Linn-Benton Community College
... – Back arc basins- situated between island arc and mainland (sea of Okhotsk, Philippine Sea, Bering Sea, Sea of Japan, S & E China Seas, Caribbean Sea) – Basins trapped between continental blocks (Mediterranean, Black Sea, Gulf of Mexico) – Shallow basins on top of continent (Hudson Bay, North Sea, ...
... – Back arc basins- situated between island arc and mainland (sea of Okhotsk, Philippine Sea, Bering Sea, Sea of Japan, S & E China Seas, Caribbean Sea) – Basins trapped between continental blocks (Mediterranean, Black Sea, Gulf of Mexico) – Shallow basins on top of continent (Hudson Bay, North Sea, ...
Global Natural Cycles
... surface to between 75 and 200 m and is well mixed by winds. Gases, nutrients, organic matter, and heat that enter the ocean's surface will mix down to about 100 m depth in one year. Although the mixed-layer is <5% of the ocean's volume, it exchanges gases rapidly with the atmosphere and supports the ...
... surface to between 75 and 200 m and is well mixed by winds. Gases, nutrients, organic matter, and heat that enter the ocean's surface will mix down to about 100 m depth in one year. Although the mixed-layer is <5% of the ocean's volume, it exchanges gases rapidly with the atmosphere and supports the ...
Lecture 12: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current
... this since there are no western boundaries in the center of the Southern Ocean. •The velocities required for bottom friction to achieve this balance are too large. ...
... this since there are no western boundaries in the center of the Southern Ocean. •The velocities required for bottom friction to achieve this balance are too large. ...
News of the Northeast Pacific Ocean
... News of the Northeast Pacific Ocean by William Crawford, Skip McKinnell and Howard Freeland Surface temperature of the Northeast Pacific Ocean is still in a cool era that began in 2006 and was interrupted only briefly in 2010. Lower temperatures over the past six years are coincident with mostly La ...
... News of the Northeast Pacific Ocean by William Crawford, Skip McKinnell and Howard Freeland Surface temperature of the Northeast Pacific Ocean is still in a cool era that began in 2006 and was interrupted only briefly in 2010. Lower temperatures over the past six years are coincident with mostly La ...
oceans and seas
... 1. Unsustainable extraction of marine resources, which includes overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing and destructive fishing practices as well as the usage of harmful subsidies that contribute to IUU fishing and overcapacity. Already today, 30% of the world's fish stocks ar ...
... 1. Unsustainable extraction of marine resources, which includes overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing and destructive fishing practices as well as the usage of harmful subsidies that contribute to IUU fishing and overcapacity. Already today, 30% of the world's fish stocks ar ...
Chapter 13 Section 3 Life in the Ocean
... Characteristics of Ocean Water, continued • Salinity is a measure of the amount of dissolved solids in a given amount of liquid. • Changes in Salinity Climate and water movement affect salinity. Costal water in cool, humid places has a low salinity. Slow-moving bodies of water have higher salinity t ...
... Characteristics of Ocean Water, continued • Salinity is a measure of the amount of dissolved solids in a given amount of liquid. • Changes in Salinity Climate and water movement affect salinity. Costal water in cool, humid places has a low salinity. Slow-moving bodies of water have higher salinity t ...
Belanger OLLI week4 slides - Denver Climate Study Group
... from weathering – or buffering from the deep sea carbonates as we saw in the PETM o 0.1 decrease in pH = 26% CO3 -2 ions o reducing CO3 -2 makes it more difficult for organisms to make their shell – especially aragonitic ones ...
... from weathering – or buffering from the deep sea carbonates as we saw in the PETM o 0.1 decrease in pH = 26% CO3 -2 ions o reducing CO3 -2 makes it more difficult for organisms to make their shell – especially aragonitic ones ...
Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor opens with a brief history of
... Charles Darwin proposed that coral reefs differ because of subsidence of volcanic islands Coral animals build large structures of calcium carbonate in shallow, warm ocean water First, fringing reef id located on margins of volcanic island or continent Second, barrier reef is separated from land mass ...
... Charles Darwin proposed that coral reefs differ because of subsidence of volcanic islands Coral animals build large structures of calcium carbonate in shallow, warm ocean water First, fringing reef id located on margins of volcanic island or continent Second, barrier reef is separated from land mass ...
Quiz 2 - Study Guidelines Study Outline
... Understand the general techniques for the recovery of sediments from the sea floor Understand how sediments can be used as historical records (oceanographic history) Be able to relate the age of the sediments of the sea floor to the process of sea floor spreading Know the relationship of plate tecto ...
... Understand the general techniques for the recovery of sediments from the sea floor Understand how sediments can be used as historical records (oceanographic history) Be able to relate the age of the sediments of the sea floor to the process of sea floor spreading Know the relationship of plate tecto ...
Earth Science 16.1 Ocean Circulation
... Processes that increase the salinity of water include evaporation and the formation of sea ice. Processes that decrease the salinity of water include precipitation, runoff from land, icebergs melting, and sea ice melting. Density changes due to salinity variations are important in very high latitude ...
... Processes that increase the salinity of water include evaporation and the formation of sea ice. Processes that decrease the salinity of water include precipitation, runoff from land, icebergs melting, and sea ice melting. Density changes due to salinity variations are important in very high latitude ...
Study Guide - Flagler Schools
... • Know how upwelling affects productivity • Understand how the ocean plays a role in climate change. • Know the various factors that contribute to global warming as well as plausible evidence of global ...
... • Know how upwelling affects productivity • Understand how the ocean plays a role in climate change. • Know the various factors that contribute to global warming as well as plausible evidence of global ...
Dynamic Ocean Floor
... • Two plates move away from one another. • This is a zone of weakness. • As two plates move apart at the mid-ocean ridges, magma from the mantle up wells through a crack in the oceanic crust and cooled by the sea creating new ocean floor. • Energy is released in the form of earthquakes. • Shallow fo ...
... • Two plates move away from one another. • This is a zone of weakness. • As two plates move apart at the mid-ocean ridges, magma from the mantle up wells through a crack in the oceanic crust and cooled by the sea creating new ocean floor. • Energy is released in the form of earthquakes. • Shallow fo ...
Ocean basins
... continent is called the continental shelf • Continental shelves are underlain by granitic continental crust – Much more like the continent in composition than the ocean floor; continental shelves contain hills, depressions, sedimentary rocks and mineral and/or oil deposits that are similar to those ...
... continent is called the continental shelf • Continental shelves are underlain by granitic continental crust – Much more like the continent in composition than the ocean floor; continental shelves contain hills, depressions, sedimentary rocks and mineral and/or oil deposits that are similar to those ...
El Nino (warming) and La Nina (cooling) - DP
... Ecuador and brings nutrient-rich cold water to the surface, increasing fishing stocks. • The western side of the equatorial Pacific is characterized by warm, wet low pressure weather • Collected moisture is dumped in the form of typhoons and thunderstorms. • The ocean is some 60 centimeters (24 in) ...
... Ecuador and brings nutrient-rich cold water to the surface, increasing fishing stocks. • The western side of the equatorial Pacific is characterized by warm, wet low pressure weather • Collected moisture is dumped in the form of typhoons and thunderstorms. • The ocean is some 60 centimeters (24 in) ...
CH07_Outline
... Deep ocean currents Cold, oxygen-rich surface water to deep ocean Dissolved O2 important for life and mineral processes Changes in thermohaline circulation can cause global climate change ...
... Deep ocean currents Cold, oxygen-rich surface water to deep ocean Dissolved O2 important for life and mineral processes Changes in thermohaline circulation can cause global climate change ...
Which of the following provides evidence that
... 14. Refer to the diagram above. Figure (a) shows normal conditions, and figure (b) shows a change in the air and ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean. Which conditions accompany the El Niño weather pattern shown in figure (b)? A. westward tradewinds B. cold upwelling water off the coast of South Amer ...
... 14. Refer to the diagram above. Figure (a) shows normal conditions, and figure (b) shows a change in the air and ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean. Which conditions accompany the El Niño weather pattern shown in figure (b)? A. westward tradewinds B. cold upwelling water off the coast of South Amer ...
Climate Change, the Oceans, and the Business of Seafood: A View
... the mission of the New England Aquarium in Boston, Massachusetts, is to address ocean challenges through education, research, and conservation initiatives. It partners with companies occupying unique positions in the supply chain—retailers, processors, importers, and food service providers— to help ...
... the mission of the New England Aquarium in Boston, Massachusetts, is to address ocean challenges through education, research, and conservation initiatives. It partners with companies occupying unique positions in the supply chain—retailers, processors, importers, and food service providers— to help ...
mysask.com - National News
... period, but 89,000 tonnes were actually hauled in. Canada also reported no catches but netted 94,000 tonnes, and Russia reported 12,700 tonnes but took a staggering 770,000 tonnes between 1950 and 2006. "Our work shows a lack of care by the Canadian, U.S. and Russian governments in trying to underst ...
... period, but 89,000 tonnes were actually hauled in. Canada also reported no catches but netted 94,000 tonnes, and Russia reported 12,700 tonnes but took a staggering 770,000 tonnes between 1950 and 2006. "Our work shows a lack of care by the Canadian, U.S. and Russian governments in trying to underst ...
Rate Processes and Fluxes of Marine Biogeochemical Cycles
... IMPORTANCE: Current or planned space-based assets in low-earth polar orbit (LEO) are inadequate for constraining physical, ecological and biogeochemical fluxes and rates as well as the variability in biogeochemical stocks within the marine environment at regional to global scales. This is a key iss ...
... IMPORTANCE: Current or planned space-based assets in low-earth polar orbit (LEO) are inadequate for constraining physical, ecological and biogeochemical fluxes and rates as well as the variability in biogeochemical stocks within the marine environment at regional to global scales. This is a key iss ...
OCEANS
... 26. What is the name for the deepest trench on Earth? 27. How far below the sea surface does it measure? 28. How many times the depth of the Grand Canyon is that? 29. What are the 3 reasons as to why studying the ocean floor is difficult? 30. What type of technology do we use to study the ocean floo ...
... 26. What is the name for the deepest trench on Earth? 27. How far below the sea surface does it measure? 28. How many times the depth of the Grand Canyon is that? 29. What are the 3 reasons as to why studying the ocean floor is difficult? 30. What type of technology do we use to study the ocean floo ...
2017Geological Oceanography
... – Recall the cold ocean crust is sinking into the upper mantle of the continental plate – V-shaped due to spherical shape of Earth ...
... – Recall the cold ocean crust is sinking into the upper mantle of the continental plate – V-shaped due to spherical shape of Earth ...
Administering the Ocean Dumping Act
... He explained that while there had been an overall decrease in dumping of industrial wastes during this period, the net increase was caused by a rise in the dumping of sewage sludge and construction and demolition debris. The volume of industrial wastes being discharged at sea is on the decline and E ...
... He explained that while there had been an overall decrease in dumping of industrial wastes during this period, the net increase was caused by a rise in the dumping of sewage sludge and construction and demolition debris. The volume of industrial wastes being discharged at sea is on the decline and E ...
chapt15 discussion
... one example of a food web and how the web changes over the life cycle of one species This is a common feature of pelagic food webs – an organism will not feed on the same type of organisms throughout their life ...
... one example of a food web and how the web changes over the life cycle of one species This is a common feature of pelagic food webs – an organism will not feed on the same type of organisms throughout their life ...
Data Analysis - Net Start Class
... mostly flat and featureless, but wartime military inventions helped scientists uncover its true structure. To help protect the country’s borders, the U.S. was very interested in creating devices that could detect submarines under the surface of the water. Sonar is a device that uses sound waves to d ...
... mostly flat and featureless, but wartime military inventions helped scientists uncover its true structure. To help protect the country’s borders, the U.S. was very interested in creating devices that could detect submarines under the surface of the water. Sonar is a device that uses sound waves to d ...
Plate Tectonics: The Mechanism
... The deepest waters are found in oceanic trenches, which plunge as deep as 35,000 feet below the ocean surface. These trenches are usually long and narrow, and run parallel to and near the oceans margins. They are often associated with and parallel to large continental mountain ranges. There is also ...
... The deepest waters are found in oceanic trenches, which plunge as deep as 35,000 feet below the ocean surface. These trenches are usually long and narrow, and run parallel to and near the oceans margins. They are often associated with and parallel to large continental mountain ranges. There is also ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.