Section 4–4 4–4 Aquatic Ecosystems
... The relatively still waters of lakes and ponds provide habitats for many organisms, such as plankton, that would be quickly washed away in flowing water. Plankton is a general term for the tiny, free-floating organisms that live in both freshwater and ...
... The relatively still waters of lakes and ponds provide habitats for many organisms, such as plankton, that would be quickly washed away in flowing water. Plankton is a general term for the tiny, free-floating organisms that live in both freshwater and ...
Carbon cycle dice game
... Roll a 1: Buried sedimentary rocks rich in organic carbon are heated to around 100˚C, causing the organic material to react and form kerogen and then oil. The oil leaves its source rocks because it is more buoyant than the surrounding water, and it rises to the surface at the future site of Los Ange ...
... Roll a 1: Buried sedimentary rocks rich in organic carbon are heated to around 100˚C, causing the organic material to react and form kerogen and then oil. The oil leaves its source rocks because it is more buoyant than the surrounding water, and it rises to the surface at the future site of Los Ange ...
chapter4 - West Broward High School
... We now know that seafloor features result from a combination of tectonic activity and the processes of erosion and deposition. The ocean floor can be divided into two regions: continental margins and deep-ocean basins. The continental margin, the relatively shallow ocean floor nearest the shore, con ...
... We now know that seafloor features result from a combination of tectonic activity and the processes of erosion and deposition. The ocean floor can be divided into two regions: continental margins and deep-ocean basins. The continental margin, the relatively shallow ocean floor nearest the shore, con ...
The role of the global ocean in changes of the Earth`s climate system
... von Schuckmann and Le Traon, 2011 von Schuckmann et al., 2014 ...
... von Schuckmann and Le Traon, 2011 von Schuckmann et al., 2014 ...
U.S. JGOFS NEWS
... between 30°N and 50°N. We hypothesize that this pattern could be produced if production in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic is lightly ballasted, so that not much of it sinks to the sea floor, and if coastal processes, both winddriven and water-driven, deliver ballast to the ocean margins an ...
... between 30°N and 50°N. We hypothesize that this pattern could be produced if production in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic is lightly ballasted, so that not much of it sinks to the sea floor, and if coastal processes, both winddriven and water-driven, deliver ballast to the ocean margins an ...
Summary and Conclusions
... this workshop, identifying the significant role of biological components of polar oceans in both regional and Earth System scale processes, and highlighting why research on both Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems should form a significant component of Horizon 2020. This workshop1 demonstrated that the ...
... this workshop, identifying the significant role of biological components of polar oceans in both regional and Earth System scale processes, and highlighting why research on both Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems should form a significant component of Horizon 2020. This workshop1 demonstrated that the ...
Why looking for global warming in the oceans is a...
... circulations than the atmosphere, my instinct is that we are not even close to being able to trust ocean models without long term validation data. There is so little understanding about how the ocean parses its response to forcings by 1) suppressing (local convective scale) deep water formation wher ...
... circulations than the atmosphere, my instinct is that we are not even close to being able to trust ocean models without long term validation data. There is so little understanding about how the ocean parses its response to forcings by 1) suppressing (local convective scale) deep water formation wher ...
Model-based evidence of deep-ocean heat uptake during
... reduction of the upper-ocean heat-content trend in decades when the surface-temperature trend is slightly negative. However, in the deeper layers of the global ocean toward the right-hand side of Fig. 1b, the heat-content trends for hiatus time periods are greater than other decades, indicating that ...
... reduction of the upper-ocean heat-content trend in decades when the surface-temperature trend is slightly negative. However, in the deeper layers of the global ocean toward the right-hand side of Fig. 1b, the heat-content trends for hiatus time periods are greater than other decades, indicating that ...
Chapter 1 - Cloudfront.net
... • Paleomagnetic measurements on land revealed differing polar wandering paths on different continents; • Paleomagnetic variations and ages of seafloor material indicated new crust was formed with polarity the same as when it was created; • Geometric solutions of plates as rigid bodies could be resol ...
... • Paleomagnetic measurements on land revealed differing polar wandering paths on different continents; • Paleomagnetic variations and ages of seafloor material indicated new crust was formed with polarity the same as when it was created; • Geometric solutions of plates as rigid bodies could be resol ...
ocean vent - National Geographic
... discovered in the 1970s along the Galapagos Ridge in the Pacific Ocean, underwater vents have been found in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, as well. Mid-ocean ridges, where the Earth’s crust is pulling apart, are common places for vents. Cold seawater seeps through cracks along the ridges. Seawater ...
... discovered in the 1970s along the Galapagos Ridge in the Pacific Ocean, underwater vents have been found in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, as well. Mid-ocean ridges, where the Earth’s crust is pulling apart, are common places for vents. Cold seawater seeps through cracks along the ridges. Seawater ...
PART 1 - earth science!
... the mid ocean ridge and solidifies (hardens) making new crust. This new crust pushes the older, colder, denser crust away from the ridge. This movement of the crust away from the ridge moves the continents with it. ...
... the mid ocean ridge and solidifies (hardens) making new crust. This new crust pushes the older, colder, denser crust away from the ridge. This movement of the crust away from the ridge moves the continents with it. ...
CONSTRUCTING A SEA-FLOOR SPREADING MODEL
... The lithosphere is composed of the crust and upper mantle and is broken into large pieces know as plates. The lithospheric plates, carrying both oceanic and continental rock, “float” on the plastic part of the mantle below the lithosphere. Plates move together, separate, and slide past each other cr ...
... The lithosphere is composed of the crust and upper mantle and is broken into large pieces know as plates. The lithospheric plates, carrying both oceanic and continental rock, “float” on the plastic part of the mantle below the lithosphere. Plates move together, separate, and slide past each other cr ...
LECTURE 13
... – The accreting plate boundary zone (mid-ocean ridge) at which new oceanic crust is created – The passive crust, which after creation at the ridge axis has moved away. Basalt was first dredged from the ocean floor at the turn of the century and since then extensive sampling programs have shown that ...
... – The accreting plate boundary zone (mid-ocean ridge) at which new oceanic crust is created – The passive crust, which after creation at the ridge axis has moved away. Basalt was first dredged from the ocean floor at the turn of the century and since then extensive sampling programs have shown that ...
Ideas and perspectives: climate-relevant marine biologically driven
... marginally for climate dynamics. To represent the alkalinity pump in ESMs, calcifiers need to be included to generate the vertical alkalinity gradient and to adequately resolve the carbonate chemistry. From a climate perspective, the gain from representing calcifiers by more than one key group might ...
... marginally for climate dynamics. To represent the alkalinity pump in ESMs, calcifiers need to be included to generate the vertical alkalinity gradient and to adequately resolve the carbonate chemistry. From a climate perspective, the gain from representing calcifiers by more than one key group might ...
25-3_gordon.pdf
... Southern Ocean fieldwork so enticing is the region’s central effects on the global system. It is a role it took on some 30 million years ago upon the establishment of a deep, circum-Antarctic oceanic belt as Drake Passage widened. This geological event has been linked to the thermal isolation of Ant ...
... Southern Ocean fieldwork so enticing is the region’s central effects on the global system. It is a role it took on some 30 million years ago upon the establishment of a deep, circum-Antarctic oceanic belt as Drake Passage widened. This geological event has been linked to the thermal isolation of Ant ...
Section 17.3 Theory of Plate Tectonics
... 1. Early mapmakers noted that the ___________________of continents appeared to ______________ like a ________________________. a. Gondwanaland: Thought _________________ continents were joined as a ____________ landmass at one time 2. Alfred Wegener proposed hypothesis of ___________________________ ...
... 1. Early mapmakers noted that the ___________________of continents appeared to ______________ like a ________________________. a. Gondwanaland: Thought _________________ continents were joined as a ____________ landmass at one time 2. Alfred Wegener proposed hypothesis of ___________________________ ...
Oceanic Crust
... • Plate boundaries known known as Transform fault occur when two plates grind away at one another. • The San Andreas fault line is an example of a transform fault. ...
... • Plate boundaries known known as Transform fault occur when two plates grind away at one another. • The San Andreas fault line is an example of a transform fault. ...
Protecting Ocean Hotspots Lesson 3 Presentation Content
... National Monument by Meghan Marrero of Mercy College and Oikonos - Ecosystem Knowledge. Teachers, educators, researchers and students may incorporate these materials into their lesson plans, presentations, and worksheets in hard copy and digital format for internal educational use only, not into any ...
... National Monument by Meghan Marrero of Mercy College and Oikonos - Ecosystem Knowledge. Teachers, educators, researchers and students may incorporate these materials into their lesson plans, presentations, and worksheets in hard copy and digital format for internal educational use only, not into any ...
ENHANCING OCEANOGRAPHIC SCIENCE – DEVELOPING THE NCE AND SOCIETY Peter R. Betzer
... and 8). In addition to the obvious important oceanographic applications, there are a number of important societal needs. For example, water supplies need to be regularly tested for organisms such as cryptosporidium because they can, and have infected municipal water supplies (i.e. Milwaukee, Wis.) w ...
... and 8). In addition to the obvious important oceanographic applications, there are a number of important societal needs. For example, water supplies need to be regularly tested for organisms such as cryptosporidium because they can, and have infected municipal water supplies (i.e. Milwaukee, Wis.) w ...
Take Home 11 Complete the following on your own paper. Do not
... 13) Wegener’s theory of continental drift was not accepted until the mid-1900’s. Which of the following are technological advances that led to the acceptance of this theory and laid the ground work for plate tectonics? A. Sonar and magnetometers mapped the ocean floor and detected magnetic striping. ...
... 13) Wegener’s theory of continental drift was not accepted until the mid-1900’s. Which of the following are technological advances that led to the acceptance of this theory and laid the ground work for plate tectonics? A. Sonar and magnetometers mapped the ocean floor and detected magnetic striping. ...
4550-15Lecture32 - Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
... and sulfur isotopes provide important clues to their genesis, including temperatures of deposition. • Overview of δ34S: o Mantle, bulk Earth value ~0 (same as meteorites) o modern seawater is +20 (has varied over Earth’s history with δ13C). o Sedimentary sulfide, generally the result of bacterial su ...
... and sulfur isotopes provide important clues to their genesis, including temperatures of deposition. • Overview of δ34S: o Mantle, bulk Earth value ~0 (same as meteorites) o modern seawater is +20 (has varied over Earth’s history with δ13C). o Sedimentary sulfide, generally the result of bacterial su ...
Warm Oceans Raise Land Temperatures
... every AGCM realization was found to have a warm response. This indicates that the sign of the 2004 land temperature anomaly was fully determined by the state of worldwide SSTs. The mean value of simulated warmth is +0.6°C, close to the observed warm departure of +0.8°C. As a measure of the uncertain ...
... every AGCM realization was found to have a warm response. This indicates that the sign of the 2004 land temperature anomaly was fully determined by the state of worldwide SSTs. The mean value of simulated warmth is +0.6°C, close to the observed warm departure of +0.8°C. As a measure of the uncertain ...
1: Introduction
... passive and active continental margins; (2) the earth’s crust beneath the deep ocean and (3) the deep sea sediments which could yield historic environmental information on the earth, especially the opening of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. It is planned that the program will be jointly f ...
... passive and active continental margins; (2) the earth’s crust beneath the deep ocean and (3) the deep sea sediments which could yield historic environmental information on the earth, especially the opening of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. It is planned that the program will be jointly f ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.