投影片 1
... FIGURE 19-16 Future changes in subsurface ocean temperature Measuring increases in the height of the ocean caused by thermal expansion and increases in the velocity of sound moving through subsurface ocean layers (A SOund Fixing And Ranging Channel located at a depth near 1 km is particularly ...
... FIGURE 19-16 Future changes in subsurface ocean temperature Measuring increases in the height of the ocean caused by thermal expansion and increases in the velocity of sound moving through subsurface ocean layers (A SOund Fixing And Ranging Channel located at a depth near 1 km is particularly ...
Mid-Ocean Ridges
... Magma plumes develop into volcanoes that can build up and eventually become a volcanic island or mountain. Hot spots occur far from plate boundaries, yet tell us how fast and in what directions plates are moving. The Hawaiian Islands and Yellowstone are examples of hot spot volcanoes. ...
... Magma plumes develop into volcanoes that can build up and eventually become a volcanic island or mountain. Hot spots occur far from plate boundaries, yet tell us how fast and in what directions plates are moving. The Hawaiian Islands and Yellowstone are examples of hot spot volcanoes. ...
The Structure and Origin of the Ocean Basins The water Planet
... These currents drive the plates apart. As a result, the rocks of the oceanic crust break and form a crack between the plates. Magma rises through the cracks and seeps out onto the ocean floor, which then cooled and solidified as it meets the water forming new oceanic crust. The process continues tod ...
... These currents drive the plates apart. As a result, the rocks of the oceanic crust break and form a crack between the plates. Magma rises through the cracks and seeps out onto the ocean floor, which then cooled and solidified as it meets the water forming new oceanic crust. The process continues tod ...
Ocean Zones Ch14 - Stephanie Dietterle Webpage
... • The Intertidal Zone – Sandy Shores are located on all the ocean coasts in the US. Like other organisms of the intertidal zone, the organisms on a sandy shore must tolerate changing water levels and temps – Organisms must also deal with crashing waves and a sandy surface that is always moving – Bur ...
... • The Intertidal Zone – Sandy Shores are located on all the ocean coasts in the US. Like other organisms of the intertidal zone, the organisms on a sandy shore must tolerate changing water levels and temps – Organisms must also deal with crashing waves and a sandy surface that is always moving – Bur ...
Continental Margins and Ocean Basins
... heavier (denser) oceanic lithosphere Topography of the ocean floor is a result of dynamic balance of lithospheric plates and the jostling of the tectonic plates ...
... heavier (denser) oceanic lithosphere Topography of the ocean floor is a result of dynamic balance of lithospheric plates and the jostling of the tectonic plates ...
Present and Future Impacts of Ocean Acidification Report of the
... Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is tempered by oceanic uptake, which accounts for nearly a third of the anthropogenic carbon added to the atmosphere (Sabine & Feely 2007; Sabine et al., 2004), and without which atmospheric CO2 would be about 450 ppmv today with consequences for climate chang ...
... Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is tempered by oceanic uptake, which accounts for nearly a third of the anthropogenic carbon added to the atmosphere (Sabine & Feely 2007; Sabine et al., 2004), and without which atmospheric CO2 would be about 450 ppmv today with consequences for climate chang ...
RADIOCARBON IN PARTICULATE MATTER FROM THE Woods
... that the trap was free of contaminated particulate carbon that had been fixed at the surface near the dump sites. Besides, if the trap material were contaminated, we would expect both PIG and PUG to contain similar 14C levels, and this was not observed. It is thus difficult to explain the 14C data s ...
... that the trap was free of contaminated particulate carbon that had been fixed at the surface near the dump sites. Besides, if the trap material were contaminated, we would expect both PIG and PUG to contain similar 14C levels, and this was not observed. It is thus difficult to explain the 14C data s ...
Ch. 14 The Oceans
... b. It is harmful to only a few organisms. c. It can destroy an animal’s natural insulation. d. It is harmful only to animals that swallow it. 19. What is the natural cleaning process that slowly takes place after oil spills? Certain bacteria that live in the ocean feed on the oil and multiply, event ...
... b. It is harmful to only a few organisms. c. It can destroy an animal’s natural insulation. d. It is harmful only to animals that swallow it. 19. What is the natural cleaning process that slowly takes place after oil spills? Certain bacteria that live in the ocean feed on the oil and multiply, event ...
Lab 5: It`s All Connected: Global Circulation
... hemispheres (see figure) and returns to the surface of Earth at approximately 30 degrees north and south of the equator. That cooled air is then drawn back towards the low-pressure area at the equator and repeats the circulation. This circulation creates what are known as the Hadley Cells. (See figu ...
... hemispheres (see figure) and returns to the surface of Earth at approximately 30 degrees north and south of the equator. That cooled air is then drawn back towards the low-pressure area at the equator and repeats the circulation. This circulation creates what are known as the Hadley Cells. (See figu ...
1.- Título 2.- Theoretical cross section of the oceans Oceans
... 22.- Gas and climate regulation Gas and climate regulation include in particular the maintenance of the chemical composition of the atmosphere and oceans. An important mechanism in this regard is the so-called 'biological pump' (Figure 6), a series of biologically-mediated processes that transport o ...
... 22.- Gas and climate regulation Gas and climate regulation include in particular the maintenance of the chemical composition of the atmosphere and oceans. An important mechanism in this regard is the so-called 'biological pump' (Figure 6), a series of biologically-mediated processes that transport o ...
Seafloor Morphology - Department of Geology UPRM
... from different depths in the water column with water samplers. The water can be filtered and the amount of suspended sediment determined by weighing the residue. Light transmission is also used to determine the amount of sediment in the water column. Longer term studies involve the use of sediment t ...
... from different depths in the water column with water samplers. The water can be filtered and the amount of suspended sediment determined by weighing the residue. Light transmission is also used to determine the amount of sediment in the water column. Longer term studies involve the use of sediment t ...
Ch13Pres - Leornian.org
... Investigating the Ocean • VOYAGES OF EXPLORATION – The earliest migrations of modern humans out of Africa began around 50,000 years ago. – Evidence of human migrations via the ocean is the widespread distribution of human populations. – Accounts of voyages and shipwrecks 2,000 years ago are found i ...
... Investigating the Ocean • VOYAGES OF EXPLORATION – The earliest migrations of modern humans out of Africa began around 50,000 years ago. – Evidence of human migrations via the ocean is the widespread distribution of human populations. – Accounts of voyages and shipwrecks 2,000 years ago are found i ...
GSA_2012 - Geological Society of America
... 2. How is plate movement and volcanic/tectonic activity influencing corals long and short term (lithosphere)? 3. How much research has been done around implanting manmade reefs in natural settings (biosphere and hydrosphere)? 4. What do long-term climate models show about the major atmospheric and o ...
... 2. How is plate movement and volcanic/tectonic activity influencing corals long and short term (lithosphere)? 3. How much research has been done around implanting manmade reefs in natural settings (biosphere and hydrosphere)? 4. What do long-term climate models show about the major atmospheric and o ...
EGU2016-8321 - CO Meeting Organizer
... heat flow, seismicity, seismic Vs anomalies in the upper mantle, and plate convergence rate, as well as 20 profiles across different convergent margins. A global analysis of these data for three types of convergent margins, formed by ocean–ocean, ocean–continent, and continent–continent collisions, ...
... heat flow, seismicity, seismic Vs anomalies in the upper mantle, and plate convergence rate, as well as 20 profiles across different convergent margins. A global analysis of these data for three types of convergent margins, formed by ocean–ocean, ocean–continent, and continent–continent collisions, ...
OCEAN CURRENTS
... combined can cause the water at the surface of the ocean to be pushed away. This leaves a hole in the ocean and water from the ocean depths rushes in to fill the hole. As the water comes up from the oceans depth it brings with it chemical nutrients. These chemical nutrients then act as food for plan ...
... combined can cause the water at the surface of the ocean to be pushed away. This leaves a hole in the ocean and water from the ocean depths rushes in to fill the hole. As the water comes up from the oceans depth it brings with it chemical nutrients. These chemical nutrients then act as food for plan ...
The Sea Floor
... C. The rock on the sea floor is older as one moves away from them D. Sea floor spreading is associated with them E. All are interconnected 12. Lithospheric plates: A. Only contain continental crust B. Only contain oceanic crust C. Collide with one another at the mid-ocean ridge D. Float on the upper ...
... C. The rock on the sea floor is older as one moves away from them D. Sea floor spreading is associated with them E. All are interconnected 12. Lithospheric plates: A. Only contain continental crust B. Only contain oceanic crust C. Collide with one another at the mid-ocean ridge D. Float on the upper ...
What are the characteristics of a mineral?
... surface is water, consisting of oceans, rivers, lakes, underground water, and ice. • b. Relate various atmospheric conditions to stages of the water cycle. • c. Describe the composition, location, and subsurface topography of the world’s oceans. • d. Explain the causes of waves, currents, and ...
... surface is water, consisting of oceans, rivers, lakes, underground water, and ice. • b. Relate various atmospheric conditions to stages of the water cycle. • c. Describe the composition, location, and subsurface topography of the world’s oceans. • d. Explain the causes of waves, currents, and ...
Properties of sea-water and their distribution in the oceans
... density) are based on empirical formulas – best fit of lots of seawater samples. ...
... density) are based on empirical formulas – best fit of lots of seawater samples. ...
Introduction – Chapter 1
... • The ocean covers 71% of the Earth’s surface • Accounts for >97% of the Earth’s water! • The average depth of the ocean is 3,800 meters (12,500 feet) and at its deepest depth is 7,000 ft greater than the highest elevation on land (Mt. Everest 29,000 ft; Mariana Trench 36,163 ft) • The average tempe ...
... • The ocean covers 71% of the Earth’s surface • Accounts for >97% of the Earth’s water! • The average depth of the ocean is 3,800 meters (12,500 feet) and at its deepest depth is 7,000 ft greater than the highest elevation on land (Mt. Everest 29,000 ft; Mariana Trench 36,163 ft) • The average tempe ...
document
... trawling - one of the most destructive fishing practices in the world - even before scientists have had a chance to assess what may be there. Bottom trawling for deep sea species such as orange roughy, roundnose grenadier, redfish and blue ling is not only wiping out populations of these vulnerable ...
... trawling - one of the most destructive fishing practices in the world - even before scientists have had a chance to assess what may be there. Bottom trawling for deep sea species such as orange roughy, roundnose grenadier, redfish and blue ling is not only wiping out populations of these vulnerable ...
Plate Tectonics - dhsearthandspacescience
... How are the two major ocean masses, the Atlantic and Pacific, changing? • The Atlantic ocean is getting wider and the Pacific ocean is becoming narrower *** The Pacific ocean may close in the future and form the Mega Pacific Ocean through tectonic interactions. This Mega ocean will surround the new ...
... How are the two major ocean masses, the Atlantic and Pacific, changing? • The Atlantic ocean is getting wider and the Pacific ocean is becoming narrower *** The Pacific ocean may close in the future and form the Mega Pacific Ocean through tectonic interactions. This Mega ocean will surround the new ...
Document
... We propose to drill a depth transect of Paleogene sites in the subantarctic South Atlantic Ocean on the easternmost tip of the Falkland Plateau (Maurice Ewing Bank and Georgia Basin). In the modern ocean, this is a critical area for deep-water mixing and communication between the Pacific and Atlanti ...
... We propose to drill a depth transect of Paleogene sites in the subantarctic South Atlantic Ocean on the easternmost tip of the Falkland Plateau (Maurice Ewing Bank and Georgia Basin). In the modern ocean, this is a critical area for deep-water mixing and communication between the Pacific and Atlanti ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.