How does fishing alter marine populations and ecosystems
... Evidence has accumulated that climate variability influences the state and functioning of marine ecosystems. At the same time increasing pressure from exploitation and other human activities has been shown to impact exploited and non-exploited species and potentially modify ecosystem structure. Ther ...
... Evidence has accumulated that climate variability influences the state and functioning of marine ecosystems. At the same time increasing pressure from exploitation and other human activities has been shown to impact exploited and non-exploited species and potentially modify ecosystem structure. Ther ...
The PAGE09 Integrated Assessment Model: A Technical Description
... to value the impacts and calculate the social cost of CO2 in the Stern review (Stern, 2007) and the Asian Development Bank’s review of climate change in Southeast Asia (ADB, 2009), and value the impacts and costs in the Eliasch review of deforestation (Eliasch, 2008). The PAGE2002 model is descri ...
... to value the impacts and calculate the social cost of CO2 in the Stern review (Stern, 2007) and the Asian Development Bank’s review of climate change in Southeast Asia (ADB, 2009), and value the impacts and costs in the Eliasch review of deforestation (Eliasch, 2008). The PAGE2002 model is descri ...
Canada`s Mixed Record on Ozone Depletion and Climate Change
... Overcoming Obstacles To Protecting the Ozone Layer The successful negotiation of the binding and ambitious targets in the Montreal Protocol came despite the opposition of the chemical industry. Led by CFC manufacturers, the industry made three main arguments against taking concrete steps to protect ...
... Overcoming Obstacles To Protecting the Ozone Layer The successful negotiation of the binding and ambitious targets in the Montreal Protocol came despite the opposition of the chemical industry. Led by CFC manufacturers, the industry made three main arguments against taking concrete steps to protect ...
climate change adaptation: a collective action
... ASSESSMENT REPORT OF THE IPCC (2007), available at http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4wg2.htm (click to download individual chapters))); see also Alejandro E. Camacho, Adapting Governance to Climate Change: Managing Uncertainty Through a Learning Infrastructure, 59 EMORY L.J. 1, 17 (2009) (“[N]o amou ...
... ASSESSMENT REPORT OF THE IPCC (2007), available at http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4wg2.htm (click to download individual chapters))); see also Alejandro E. Camacho, Adapting Governance to Climate Change: Managing Uncertainty Through a Learning Infrastructure, 59 EMORY L.J. 1, 17 (2009) (“[N]o amou ...
Climate change in the Netherlands
... not overruled by recent scientific developments. Also according to the present-day knowledge, the four KNMI’06 scenarios together describe the most likely changes in the Netherlands, including associated uncertainties. This conclusion emerges from an evaluation of research from the past few years, i ...
... not overruled by recent scientific developments. Also according to the present-day knowledge, the four KNMI’06 scenarios together describe the most likely changes in the Netherlands, including associated uncertainties. This conclusion emerges from an evaluation of research from the past few years, i ...
The Environmental Turning Point
... testing and weaponry. However, in many ways it was born more out of fear for personal safety than anger for the despoliation of the environment (Shabecoff, 2003), which started the intersection of social justice with environmentalism, something that would come to grow in strength in later waves. Com ...
... testing and weaponry. However, in many ways it was born more out of fear for personal safety than anger for the despoliation of the environment (Shabecoff, 2003), which started the intersection of social justice with environmentalism, something that would come to grow in strength in later waves. Com ...
Role of volcanic forcing on future global carbon cycle
... climate carbon cycle feedbacks, which is suggested to be an important element for the future model projections (Meehl et al., 2007). For the reasons mentioned above, it is therefore necessary to better understand the role of potential future volcanic forcings on the global carbon cycle to better int ...
... climate carbon cycle feedbacks, which is suggested to be an important element for the future model projections (Meehl et al., 2007). For the reasons mentioned above, it is therefore necessary to better understand the role of potential future volcanic forcings on the global carbon cycle to better int ...
Climate change response strategies for agriculture: Challenges and opportunities for the 21st century
... especially in areas at low to mid-latitudes already at risk today, but they also may lead to positive impacts such as an extension of the growing season in currently cold-limited high-latitude regions. Overall, current studies project that climate change will increase the gap between developed and d ...
... especially in areas at low to mid-latitudes already at risk today, but they also may lead to positive impacts such as an extension of the growing season in currently cold-limited high-latitude regions. Overall, current studies project that climate change will increase the gap between developed and d ...
UNCCD News issue 6.1
... More severe droughts and new rainfall patterns are only two of the expected effects of climate change in dryland regions. Climate change is likely to increase land degradation and desertification and increase people’s vulnerability. This in turn could trigger violent conflict at local, national or r ...
... More severe droughts and new rainfall patterns are only two of the expected effects of climate change in dryland regions. Climate change is likely to increase land degradation and desertification and increase people’s vulnerability. This in turn could trigger violent conflict at local, national or r ...
Climate change and tourism: Where will the journey
... The target of more balanced occupancy of tourist capacity over the year is then difficult to achieve. If, in such regions, there is also a high dependency on the tourism industry, the economic consequences are particularly devastating. We will also deal with this effect in our final scoring model. ...
... The target of more balanced occupancy of tourist capacity over the year is then difficult to achieve. If, in such regions, there is also a high dependency on the tourism industry, the economic consequences are particularly devastating. We will also deal with this effect in our final scoring model. ...
Multi-decadal variations in Southern Hemisphere atmospheric 14C
... measureable, though whether this is due to differences in the growing seasons (as suggested for the Northern Hemisphere) [Bronk Ramsey et al., 2010; Manning et al., 2001] is presently unclear. We therefore concentrate on the temporal variations preserved across the datasets. Previous work has indic ...
... measureable, though whether this is due to differences in the growing seasons (as suggested for the Northern Hemisphere) [Bronk Ramsey et al., 2010; Manning et al., 2001] is presently unclear. We therefore concentrate on the temporal variations preserved across the datasets. Previous work has indic ...
- Open University of Tanzania Repository
... change, secondly their priority areas which should be in their studies for better understanding of climate change issues. Finally, to assess how far they believed school knowledge on climate change issues can help them to handle climatic changes in their environment. This study based on the problems ...
... change, secondly their priority areas which should be in their studies for better understanding of climate change issues. Finally, to assess how far they believed school knowledge on climate change issues can help them to handle climatic changes in their environment. This study based on the problems ...
T M Climate Negotiations After the Copenhagen Overview of Emissions Targets
... commitment to unlimited economic growth, its belief that it “can produce more and emit less”, and its desire to supply the global market with its oil, natural resources, and exports is antithetical to reducing its contribution to climate change – indeed, it will very likely contribute to climate cha ...
... commitment to unlimited economic growth, its belief that it “can produce more and emit less”, and its desire to supply the global market with its oil, natural resources, and exports is antithetical to reducing its contribution to climate change – indeed, it will very likely contribute to climate cha ...
organisation of king`s bibliography of books on global warming
... obsession with “climate change” turning out to be the most costly scientific blunder in history? Continuum, 2009, 9781441110527 A.W. Montford. The hockey stick illusion: climategate and the corruption of science. Stacey International, 2010, 9781906768355 Roger Pielke, Jr. The climate fix: what scien ...
... obsession with “climate change” turning out to be the most costly scientific blunder in history? Continuum, 2009, 9781441110527 A.W. Montford. The hockey stick illusion: climategate and the corruption of science. Stacey International, 2010, 9781906768355 Roger Pielke, Jr. The climate fix: what scien ...
Vienna Convention Trust Fund Advisory Committee
... Help implement utilization of lower cost instrument and “establishing their utility” for long term monitoring Develop capacity in Article -5 and EIT countries to address ORM recommendations. Foster relations with scientific community specifically IOC, SPARC and IGAC to build capacity, and infu ...
... Help implement utilization of lower cost instrument and “establishing their utility” for long term monitoring Develop capacity in Article -5 and EIT countries to address ORM recommendations. Foster relations with scientific community specifically IOC, SPARC and IGAC to build capacity, and infu ...
Eric Gordon and Lisa Dilling - Initiative on Climate Adaptation
... group of experts dominated by welfare economists (Doria et al. 2009). This result is no surprise given the paucity of scholarship directly addressing the concept of successful adaptation to climate change, which was not even defined in the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (Adger et al., 2007). Smit a ...
... group of experts dominated by welfare economists (Doria et al. 2009). This result is no surprise given the paucity of scholarship directly addressing the concept of successful adaptation to climate change, which was not even defined in the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (Adger et al., 2007). Smit a ...
Adaptation benefits and costs – measurement and
... mechanisms as side payments and carbon taxes. An equally troublesome issue regards entitlements to the benefits of emissions reductions in sectors and countries where the marginal benefits of reducing GHG emissions may be negative (meaning that the marginal impacts of climate are beneficial). On the ...
... mechanisms as side payments and carbon taxes. An equally troublesome issue regards entitlements to the benefits of emissions reductions in sectors and countries where the marginal benefits of reducing GHG emissions may be negative (meaning that the marginal impacts of climate are beneficial). On the ...
Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) rainfall curves, for data series
... frequency of precipitation events. Quantifying the potential effects of climate change and adapting to them is one way to reduce urban vulnerability. Since rainfall characteristics are often used to design water structures, reviewing and updating rainfall characteristics (i.e., Intensity–Duration–Fr ...
... frequency of precipitation events. Quantifying the potential effects of climate change and adapting to them is one way to reduce urban vulnerability. Since rainfall characteristics are often used to design water structures, reviewing and updating rainfall characteristics (i.e., Intensity–Duration–Fr ...
Climate Change Helplessness and Efficacy
... behavior (Markowitz, 2012), and moralizing environmental issues influences people to shift their attitudes (Feinberg, & Willer, 2013), take action (Stern, 2000; van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears, 2011; Whitmarsh, 2009), and support pro-environmental policies (Poortinga et al., 2004; Nilsson, von Borgst ...
... behavior (Markowitz, 2012), and moralizing environmental issues influences people to shift their attitudes (Feinberg, & Willer, 2013), take action (Stern, 2000; van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears, 2011; Whitmarsh, 2009), and support pro-environmental policies (Poortinga et al., 2004; Nilsson, von Borgst ...
Fourth Carbon Budget Review – part 1
... reduce emissions the world will be exposed to significant risks of very dangerous climate change. In particular, there is a significant risk of warming of 4°C or more by the end of the century, which would result in very high economic, social and environmental costs and consequences. The best way to ...
... reduce emissions the world will be exposed to significant risks of very dangerous climate change. In particular, there is a significant risk of warming of 4°C or more by the end of the century, which would result in very high economic, social and environmental costs and consequences. The best way to ...
Climate Change and the Urban Environment
... Climate change has been widely recognised in Australia as a phenomenon that is impacting on our society. The challenge in responding to climate change arises not only from the actual impacts on society but also from the need for society to dramatically reduce its carbon footprint. We must ensure tha ...
... Climate change has been widely recognised in Australia as a phenomenon that is impacting on our society. The challenge in responding to climate change arises not only from the actual impacts on society but also from the need for society to dramatically reduce its carbon footprint. We must ensure tha ...
Changing
... Floods, storms and heatwaves in recent years have tested the UK’s emergency and local government services, businesses and resilience. These extreme events illustrate the challenges we will face in adapting to climate change. The term ‘adaptation’ in this context refers to adapting to the effects of ...
... Floods, storms and heatwaves in recent years have tested the UK’s emergency and local government services, businesses and resilience. These extreme events illustrate the challenges we will face in adapting to climate change. The term ‘adaptation’ in this context refers to adapting to the effects of ...
Adaptation Research Programs and Funding
... Selecting adaptation strategies is made more difficult by the uncertainties surrounding climate change, the range of climate change phenomena and the range of impacts on transportation facilities and processes. Candidate adaptation activities can be technological, policy-based, behavioral or manager ...
... Selecting adaptation strategies is made more difficult by the uncertainties surrounding climate change, the range of climate change phenomena and the range of impacts on transportation facilities and processes. Candidate adaptation activities can be technological, policy-based, behavioral or manager ...
NO. EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION, Plaintiff, v. CLAUDE EARL
... aimed at changing public policy, not investigating actual violations of existing law: It could be David and Goliath, the Virgin Islands against a huge corporation, but we will not stop until we get to the bottom of this and make it clear to our residents as well as the American people that we have t ...
... aimed at changing public policy, not investigating actual violations of existing law: It could be David and Goliath, the Virgin Islands against a huge corporation, but we will not stop until we get to the bottom of this and make it clear to our residents as well as the American people that we have t ...
CLIMATE CHANGE HELPLESSNESS 1 Running head: CLIMATE
... behavior (Markowitz, 2012), and moralizing environmental issues influences people to shift their attitudes (Feinberg, & Willer, 2013), take action (Stern, 2000; van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears, 2011; Whitmarsh, 2009), and support pro-environmental policies (Poortinga et al., 2004; Nilsson, von Borgst ...
... behavior (Markowitz, 2012), and moralizing environmental issues influences people to shift their attitudes (Feinberg, & Willer, 2013), take action (Stern, 2000; van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears, 2011; Whitmarsh, 2009), and support pro-environmental policies (Poortinga et al., 2004; Nilsson, von Borgst ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.