Why is geoengineering so tempting?
... with a carbon cycle and a climate system. These bene ts can be interpreted as a lower bound for the direct and indirect costs which would make geoengineering less preferable to abatement. In the planner's solution to the model, exogenous geoengineering in the future increases investment in physical ...
... with a carbon cycle and a climate system. These bene ts can be interpreted as a lower bound for the direct and indirect costs which would make geoengineering less preferable to abatement. In the planner's solution to the model, exogenous geoengineering in the future increases investment in physical ...
The Impact of CO2 Emissions on Agricultural Productivity and
... economy-wide impacts of climate change due to general equilibrium feedback effects and interdependence among various sectors (Carri 2008; Gebreegziabher et al. 2011). As a result, recently there has been increasing use of CGE models in economy-wide climate change impact analysis. These studies have ...
... economy-wide impacts of climate change due to general equilibrium feedback effects and interdependence among various sectors (Carri 2008; Gebreegziabher et al. 2011). As a result, recently there has been increasing use of CGE models in economy-wide climate change impact analysis. These studies have ...
- Adaptation
... during the dry season, is implemented with the support from sedentary communities and transhumant groups. Demonstration activities that focus on the strengthening of social assets will produce the following outputs: 2.5 Polyculture and adaptive agro-ecological production systems in communal lands (a ...
... during the dry season, is implemented with the support from sedentary communities and transhumant groups. Demonstration activities that focus on the strengthening of social assets will produce the following outputs: 2.5 Polyculture and adaptive agro-ecological production systems in communal lands (a ...
S T A ?
... Jacqueline Peel* and Hari M. Osofsky** Forthcoming in Minnesota Law Review (2015) Climate change litigation has influenced regulation substantially in the United States. Most notably, the Supreme Court’s decision in Massachusetts v. EPA serves as the basis for federal Clean Air Act regulation of gre ...
... Jacqueline Peel* and Hari M. Osofsky** Forthcoming in Minnesota Law Review (2015) Climate change litigation has influenced regulation substantially in the United States. Most notably, the Supreme Court’s decision in Massachusetts v. EPA serves as the basis for federal Clean Air Act regulation of gre ...
Financing Climate Policies through Climate Bonds
... trillion in 2015), which represents potential investment in long term climate projects. We thus set up a growth model with three stages where climate policies are funded through the issuance of green bonds, and where future generations repay the bonds while reaping the bene ts of the enacted climate ...
... trillion in 2015), which represents potential investment in long term climate projects. We thus set up a growth model with three stages where climate policies are funded through the issuance of green bonds, and where future generations repay the bonds while reaping the bene ts of the enacted climate ...
End of Program Report - Pacific Climate Change Science
... information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking ...
... information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking ...
... UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization WWF: World Wildlife Fund ...
... UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization WWF: World Wildlife Fund ...
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE TOURISM SECTOR
... The literature associating climate with tourism implies that changes in climate are likely to affect both the length of the season for tourists and the expected environment. The literature has shown that temperature could potentially have positive implications for the length of the season and for th ...
... The literature associating climate with tourism implies that changes in climate are likely to affect both the length of the season for tourists and the expected environment. The literature has shown that temperature could potentially have positive implications for the length of the season and for th ...
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) publication: Rising to the Urgent
... We do not bill requesters for FOIA processing fees when their fees are less than $50.00, because the cost of collection would be greater than the fee collected. See 43 C.F.R. § 2.37(g) . Therefore, there is no billable fee for the processing of this request. ...
... We do not bill requesters for FOIA processing fees when their fees are less than $50.00, because the cost of collection would be greater than the fee collected. See 43 C.F.R. § 2.37(g) . Therefore, there is no billable fee for the processing of this request. ...
Climate Change, Natural Disasters and Migration
... vulnerability. In spite of this situation described previously, climate change is unfortunately considered as a long-term problem and future impacts of climate change do not have priority. Concerning this point, Ikeme (2003) analyzes the low capacity adaptation of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries ...
... vulnerability. In spite of this situation described previously, climate change is unfortunately considered as a long-term problem and future impacts of climate change do not have priority. Concerning this point, Ikeme (2003) analyzes the low capacity adaptation of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries ...
Israel`s report to the UNFCCC on climate change, 2000
... the rate of climate change during the last century seems to be faster than any changes that occurred over the past 10,000 years (Houghton et al. 1990), strongly implying an anthropogenic effect. General Circulation Models (GCMs) are the state-of-the-art tool for reconstructing changes in climate sin ...
... the rate of climate change during the last century seems to be faster than any changes that occurred over the past 10,000 years (Houghton et al. 1990), strongly implying an anthropogenic effect. General Circulation Models (GCMs) are the state-of-the-art tool for reconstructing changes in climate sin ...
Future changes of the atmospheric composition and the impact of
... 2.1.1. Climate model ECHAM3. The atmosphere general circulation model ECHAM3 (Roeckner et al., 1992) generates its own climate, which only depends on the prescribed concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) and sea surface temperatures (SST) (see Subsection 2.3 for details). Chemical species are trans ...
... 2.1.1. Climate model ECHAM3. The atmosphere general circulation model ECHAM3 (Roeckner et al., 1992) generates its own climate, which only depends on the prescribed concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) and sea surface temperatures (SST) (see Subsection 2.3 for details). Chemical species are trans ...
CLIMATE CHANGE 2013 The Physical Science Basis Summary for Policymakers climate change
... warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C3, over the period 1880 to 2012, when multiple independently produced datasets exist. The total increase between the average of the 1850–1900 period and the 2003–2012 period is 0.78 [0.72 to 0.85] °C, based on the single longest dataset available 4 (see Figure SPM.1) ...
... warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C3, over the period 1880 to 2012, when multiple independently produced datasets exist. The total increase between the average of the 1850–1900 period and the 2003–2012 period is 0.78 [0.72 to 0.85] °C, based on the single longest dataset available 4 (see Figure SPM.1) ...
A Climate Change Exposure Summary for Species and
... Earth’s atmosphere is undergoing unusual changes that may be altering the global climate (Jacobson et al. 2009). Over the last decade and a half, scientific consensus has emerged that climate change is occurring, and at a faster rate than was originally predicted (Parmesan and Galbraith 2004). Globa ...
... Earth’s atmosphere is undergoing unusual changes that may be altering the global climate (Jacobson et al. 2009). Over the last decade and a half, scientific consensus has emerged that climate change is occurring, and at a faster rate than was originally predicted (Parmesan and Galbraith 2004). Globa ...
Climate change implications for New Zealand
... to climate change impacts in other countries, through effects on trade and on international travel and tourism. Climate change-related impacts on trading‑partner economies have the potential to affect our ability to sell our goods overseas. How the changing risks associated with climate change play ...
... to climate change impacts in other countries, through effects on trade and on international travel and tourism. Climate change-related impacts on trading‑partner economies have the potential to affect our ability to sell our goods overseas. How the changing risks associated with climate change play ...
The Cost of Adaptation to Climate Change in Africa
... needs to accommodate changes in the climate. Studies like the World Bank EACC suggest that achieving this will be particularly costly in relation to water and sanitation measures. Softer adaptation measures i.e. zone planning and building codes will also need to complement these structural adaptatio ...
... needs to accommodate changes in the climate. Studies like the World Bank EACC suggest that achieving this will be particularly costly in relation to water and sanitation measures. Softer adaptation measures i.e. zone planning and building codes will also need to complement these structural adaptatio ...
19 Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change Coordinating Lead Authors:
... of climate change with the effects of socio-economic development, but rather to assess the additional effects of climate change on top of whatever baseline development scenario is assumed. Whether a climate change impact would be greater or smaller than welfare gains or losses associated with partic ...
... of climate change with the effects of socio-economic development, but rather to assess the additional effects of climate change on top of whatever baseline development scenario is assumed. Whether a climate change impact would be greater or smaller than welfare gains or losses associated with partic ...
Climate Scientists Respond
... effects of fossil-fuel burning (rising CO2, rising O3, climate change) are uncertain but at least as likely to be negative as positive, and shifting increasingly towards the negative the higher that CO2 concentrations rise. Rising CO2 fertilization of productivity (and of carbon sequestration) of fo ...
... effects of fossil-fuel burning (rising CO2, rising O3, climate change) are uncertain but at least as likely to be negative as positive, and shifting increasingly towards the negative the higher that CO2 concentrations rise. Rising CO2 fertilization of productivity (and of carbon sequestration) of fo ...
Assessing Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Cambodia
... rational bases for local climate change adaptations, as well as the need to strengthen the barangay’s capability in disaster risk reduction and management. Vietnam on the other hand, is also considered as one of the most vulnerable countries to the impacts of climate change and associated phenomenon ...
... rational bases for local climate change adaptations, as well as the need to strengthen the barangay’s capability in disaster risk reduction and management. Vietnam on the other hand, is also considered as one of the most vulnerable countries to the impacts of climate change and associated phenomenon ...
Documentation of Research on Climate change and water
... cycle and hydrological systems as evidenced by changing precipitation patterns, intensity and extremes; widespread melting of snow and ice; increasing atmospheric vapour; increasing evaporation; and changes in soil moisture and runoff. However, there are still substantial uncertainties in trends of ...
... cycle and hydrological systems as evidenced by changing precipitation patterns, intensity and extremes; widespread melting of snow and ice; increasing atmospheric vapour; increasing evaporation; and changes in soil moisture and runoff. However, there are still substantial uncertainties in trends of ...
Annual Transition Statement - Select Organisation
... Éireann on 27 October 2016) via the NDC tabled by the EU in March 2015 on behalf of Member States, which commits to at least a 40% reduction in EU-wide emissions by 2030 (compared to 1990 levels); this is based on reductions in the ETS and non-ETS sectors of 43% and 30% respectively (compared to 200 ...
... Éireann on 27 October 2016) via the NDC tabled by the EU in March 2015 on behalf of Member States, which commits to at least a 40% reduction in EU-wide emissions by 2030 (compared to 1990 levels); this is based on reductions in the ETS and non-ETS sectors of 43% and 30% respectively (compared to 200 ...
English - Plan International
... on Climate Change (IPCC) defines climate changes as a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer (IPCC, 2007). Thes ...
... on Climate Change (IPCC) defines climate changes as a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer (IPCC, 2007). Thes ...
Model estimates of climate controls on pan-Arctic
... for which environmental controls have been investigated. Nemani et al. (2003) found that annual net primary productivity (NPP) is limited by temperature and radiation at high latitudes but by moisture-related factors at lower latitudes. Teuling et al. (2009) and Seneviratne et al. (2010) investigate ...
... for which environmental controls have been investigated. Nemani et al. (2003) found that annual net primary productivity (NPP) is limited by temperature and radiation at high latitudes but by moisture-related factors at lower latitudes. Teuling et al. (2009) and Seneviratne et al. (2010) investigate ...
Biodiversity and Climate Change in Ireland
... • and complying with environmental legislation and agreements (EPA, 2008). Therefore the commissioning of a briefing paper on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in Ireland is timely, not least since the Biodiversity Forum concludes that climate change is having and will continue to have a ...
... • and complying with environmental legislation and agreements (EPA, 2008). Therefore the commissioning of a briefing paper on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in Ireland is timely, not least since the Biodiversity Forum concludes that climate change is having and will continue to have a ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.