Climate change and the slow reorientation of the American car
... preferences (because of changing views on appropriate behaviour or because of public policies), which creates market demand for radically new technologies. Corporate attention to the problem intensifies in phases 4 and 5, as changing policies and consumer behaviour begin to affect the economic enviro ...
... preferences (because of changing views on appropriate behaviour or because of public policies), which creates market demand for radically new technologies. Corporate attention to the problem intensifies in phases 4 and 5, as changing policies and consumer behaviour begin to affect the economic enviro ...
The Mediterranean: vulnerability to coastal implications of` climate
... than global trends, with important exceptions such as subsiding deltaic areas. Tide gauge records longer than 50 years are required to produce robust statistics on rates of sea-level change, 29 which makes some earlier analyses of sea-level trends around the Mediterranean suspect. 3°'3j Three suitab ...
... than global trends, with important exceptions such as subsiding deltaic areas. Tide gauge records longer than 50 years are required to produce robust statistics on rates of sea-level change, 29 which makes some earlier analyses of sea-level trends around the Mediterranean suspect. 3°'3j Three suitab ...
Carnegie Mellon University
... belief that a person has that a specified event will occur given all the relevant information currently known by that person. P(X|i) where: X is the uncertain event i is the person's state of information. Department of Engineering and Public Policy ...
... belief that a person has that a specified event will occur given all the relevant information currently known by that person. P(X|i) where: X is the uncertain event i is the person's state of information. Department of Engineering and Public Policy ...
4.4 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 4.4.1 Introduction
... Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6). Sulfur hexafluoride is a colorless, odorless, nontoxic, nonflammable gas. It is most commonly used as an electrical insulator in high voltage equipment that transmits and distributes electricity. Sulfur hexafluoride is the most potent GHG that has been evaluated by the Int ...
... Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6). Sulfur hexafluoride is a colorless, odorless, nontoxic, nonflammable gas. It is most commonly used as an electrical insulator in high voltage equipment that transmits and distributes electricity. Sulfur hexafluoride is the most potent GHG that has been evaluated by the Int ...
Conservation and sustainable management of peatlands in
... undisturbed state, the annual build-up of sequestration from these forests amounts to over 3 mln2 tons of carbon. These are the highest nature value forests, mainly spruce forests, 64 % of which are mature and over-mature stands, which store maximum above-ground carbon compared to other forests of ...
... undisturbed state, the annual build-up of sequestration from these forests amounts to over 3 mln2 tons of carbon. These are the highest nature value forests, mainly spruce forests, 64 % of which are mature and over-mature stands, which store maximum above-ground carbon compared to other forests of ...
Annex C: Simulated Changes in Vegetation Distribution under
... vegetation (Neilson and Marks, 1994; VEMAP Members, 1995). As equilibrium models, MAPSS and BIOME3 simulate vegetation distribution and hydrology under an average seasonal cycle of climate. They simulate an equilibrium land-surface biosphere under current or future climate, but not the transitional ...
... vegetation (Neilson and Marks, 1994; VEMAP Members, 1995). As equilibrium models, MAPSS and BIOME3 simulate vegetation distribution and hydrology under an average seasonal cycle of climate. They simulate an equilibrium land-surface biosphere under current or future climate, but not the transitional ...
Going Global - The George Wright Society
... • Developing, testing, and refining management effectiveness assessment systems to include more social and climate change impact indicators Marine areas are still dramatically under-protected worldwide. The IUCN WCPA will thus continue a major effort to secure a well planned and effectively managed ...
... • Developing, testing, and refining management effectiveness assessment systems to include more social and climate change impact indicators Marine areas are still dramatically under-protected worldwide. The IUCN WCPA will thus continue a major effort to secure a well planned and effectively managed ...
Rethinking Private Land Conservation in the
... however, will reduce the ability of many prime farm areas to produce the high quality crops that they current do, including premium wine grapes and fruits.14 Although ranching is somewhat less vulnerable than high-valued crops to climate change because cows can survive under a wider range of conditi ...
... however, will reduce the ability of many prime farm areas to produce the high quality crops that they current do, including premium wine grapes and fruits.14 Although ranching is somewhat less vulnerable than high-valued crops to climate change because cows can survive under a wider range of conditi ...
Summary of Climate Change Effects on Major Habitat Types in
... wish to return to the primary sources utilized in those synthesis reports for more information. In cases where we accepted the interpretation of primary information as it was stated in a secondary source, we have provided the following note in the footnote: “Information as cited in [secondary source ...
... wish to return to the primary sources utilized in those synthesis reports for more information. In cases where we accepted the interpretation of primary information as it was stated in a secondary source, we have provided the following note in the footnote: “Information as cited in [secondary source ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY BOMAL-O, CARLA G. APRIL 2012. Documentation
... Climate change is one of the most important global environmental issues of our generation. It is distinct from natural climate variability in that it exists because of human activities that have altered the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. Climate change can lead to things such as desertificat ...
... Climate change is one of the most important global environmental issues of our generation. It is distinct from natural climate variability in that it exists because of human activities that have altered the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. Climate change can lead to things such as desertificat ...
Open Letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations
... in temperature, precipitation, winds and other climatic variables. We therefore need to equip nations to become resilient to the full range of these natural phenomena by promoting economic growth and wealth generation. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has issued in ...
... in temperature, precipitation, winds and other climatic variables. We therefore need to equip nations to become resilient to the full range of these natural phenomena by promoting economic growth and wealth generation. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has issued in ...
The scientific and international context for the fifth
... reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While we note some recent research developments, much of the material was covered in our previous carbon budget advice (in 2008, 2010 and 2013). This reflects the fact that the evidence linking greenhouse gas emissions to climate risk is robust and widely agreed by ...
... reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While we note some recent research developments, much of the material was covered in our previous carbon budget advice (in 2008, 2010 and 2013). This reflects the fact that the evidence linking greenhouse gas emissions to climate risk is robust and widely agreed by ...
A Realty Check on Global Warming
... together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be ...
... together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be ...
Regulation on Carbon Emission Trading Pricing-to-Market: Based on
... pioneer experience on establishing emission trading system which act as the largest carbon market. EU should promote the process of constructing great carbon market among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) before 2015, and extend the market to the developing countries wh ...
... pioneer experience on establishing emission trading system which act as the largest carbon market. EU should promote the process of constructing great carbon market among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) before 2015, and extend the market to the developing countries wh ...
Michael E. Schlesinger, Professor of Atmospheric Sciences
... for a 10-year delay in initiating the transition to a reduced-greenhouse-gas scenario is small." In 1994 he discovered a 65-70 year temperature oscillation in observed surface temperatures for the North Atlantic Ocean and its bordering continental regions, a finding that was reported in Discover Mag ...
... for a 10-year delay in initiating the transition to a reduced-greenhouse-gas scenario is small." In 1994 he discovered a 65-70 year temperature oscillation in observed surface temperatures for the North Atlantic Ocean and its bordering continental regions, a finding that was reported in Discover Mag ...
April 2013 News - South Asian Dialogues on Ecological Democracy
... sediments -- to reconstruct temperature back through time using a Bayesian statistical approach," Tingley said. "What we are trying to do is put statistical inference of past changes in temperature on a more solid and complete footing.”… Source: http://www.countercurrents.org/cc130413.htm Arctic Wil ...
... sediments -- to reconstruct temperature back through time using a Bayesian statistical approach," Tingley said. "What we are trying to do is put statistical inference of past changes in temperature on a more solid and complete footing.”… Source: http://www.countercurrents.org/cc130413.htm Arctic Wil ...
Full-Text PDF
... The distributed lag non-linear module in R [26] was used to model the summer heat-mortality relationships. Models for each city were developed using natural cubic splines with four degrees of freedom for the temperature and the lag. We also fitted models with splines ranging from three to five degre ...
... The distributed lag non-linear module in R [26] was used to model the summer heat-mortality relationships. Models for each city were developed using natural cubic splines with four degrees of freedom for the temperature and the lag. We also fitted models with splines ranging from three to five degre ...
How Corporations Have Influenced the U.S. Dialogue on Climate
... (IPCC 2007). More recently, the National Academy of Sciences concluded, “it is now beyond a reasonable doubt that humans are responsible for most of [the observed] warming, and highly likely we are responsible for all of it” (NRC 2010). Overwhelmingly, the world’s climate scientists today believe th ...
... (IPCC 2007). More recently, the National Academy of Sciences concluded, “it is now beyond a reasonable doubt that humans are responsible for most of [the observed] warming, and highly likely we are responsible for all of it” (NRC 2010). Overwhelmingly, the world’s climate scientists today believe th ...
Projected Heat-Related Mortality in the US Urban Northeast
... The distributed lag non-linear module in R [26] was used to model the summer heat-mortality relationships. Models for each city were developed using natural cubic splines with four degrees of freedom for the temperature and the lag. We also fitted models with splines ranging from three to five degre ...
... The distributed lag non-linear module in R [26] was used to model the summer heat-mortality relationships. Models for each city were developed using natural cubic splines with four degrees of freedom for the temperature and the lag. We also fitted models with splines ranging from three to five degre ...
Climate change and Arctic ecosystems II
... 1996a]. The model is sensitive to CO2 concentration because of the responses of NPP and stomatal conductance to CO2 and the differential effects of CO2 on the NPP of C3 and C4 plants. [8] To identify the biome for a given grid cell, the model ranks the tree and nontree PFTs that were calculated for ...
... 1996a]. The model is sensitive to CO2 concentration because of the responses of NPP and stomatal conductance to CO2 and the differential effects of CO2 on the NPP of C3 and C4 plants. [8] To identify the biome for a given grid cell, the model ranks the tree and nontree PFTs that were calculated for ...
Climate change adaptation in the boardroom
... faces a phenomenal challenge. Presented with the challenge of short-term industry lobbying and political fear associated with private property values, the risks associated with adaptation trade-offs have resulted in a slow uptake of climate resilient development. As the extreme events increase, the ...
... faces a phenomenal challenge. Presented with the challenge of short-term industry lobbying and political fear associated with private property values, the risks associated with adaptation trade-offs have resulted in a slow uptake of climate resilient development. As the extreme events increase, the ...
Forest Sinks and the Kyoto Protocol
... As a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol’s parent agreement, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, New Zealand is called on to conserve and enhance its sinks and reservoirs. We take this responsibility seriously. We recognise the importance sinks have in reducing greenhouse gas conc ...
... As a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol’s parent agreement, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, New Zealand is called on to conserve and enhance its sinks and reservoirs. We take this responsibility seriously. We recognise the importance sinks have in reducing greenhouse gas conc ...
What to talk about
... or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts [...] “ IPPC TAR, 2001 ...
... or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts [...] “ IPPC TAR, 2001 ...
Risk perception and commitment to reduce global climate change in
... Humans have been exposed to many threats throughout history: epidemic illnesses, world wars, terrorist attacks, and environmental catastrophes. Human’s survival instinct forces people to evaluate circumstances and make decisions when faced with risks. Many different factors determine the resulting c ...
... Humans have been exposed to many threats throughout history: epidemic illnesses, world wars, terrorist attacks, and environmental catastrophes. Human’s survival instinct forces people to evaluate circumstances and make decisions when faced with risks. Many different factors determine the resulting c ...
Climate Change and Whitebark Pine
... Restoring whitebark pine forests in changing climates There are many compelling reasons to restore whitebark pine, including the ecosystem services, biodiversity, and ecosystem functions that it provides (Tomback et al. 2001a). Ultimately, healthy whitebark pine forests are critical to enabling futu ...
... Restoring whitebark pine forests in changing climates There are many compelling reasons to restore whitebark pine, including the ecosystem services, biodiversity, and ecosystem functions that it provides (Tomback et al. 2001a). Ultimately, healthy whitebark pine forests are critical to enabling futu ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.