Climate change effects on migration phenology may mismatch
... dates declined with the year of start (slope ¼ 20.013 (0.005), t ¼ 22.69, p ¼ 0.011) and number of years (slope ¼ 20.008 (0.004), t ¼ 22.14, p ¼ 0.037) of the phenological time series. Non-significant interactions (p 0.148) with species category (cuckoo, SDM or LDM) were removed from the model. Th ...
... dates declined with the year of start (slope ¼ 20.013 (0.005), t ¼ 22.69, p ¼ 0.011) and number of years (slope ¼ 20.008 (0.004), t ¼ 22.14, p ¼ 0.037) of the phenological time series. Non-significant interactions (p 0.148) with species category (cuckoo, SDM or LDM) were removed from the model. Th ...
The Climate of the Last Millennium
... Changes in temperature have large-scale spatial coherence, making it easier to identify major variations with relatively few records. Spatially coherent precipitation changes are more local or regional in extent, but they often reflect circulation changes that may have large-scale significance (as, ...
... Changes in temperature have large-scale spatial coherence, making it easier to identify major variations with relatively few records. Spatially coherent precipitation changes are more local or regional in extent, but they often reflect circulation changes that may have large-scale significance (as, ...
Southern Africa Climate Change Framework
... Because the sub-region’s contribution to GHG global emissions is minimal in comparison to emissions from developed countries, it would give a primae facie suggestion that climate mitigation actions should not be a priority. However certain mitigation actions such as improving energy efficiency, enha ...
... Because the sub-region’s contribution to GHG global emissions is minimal in comparison to emissions from developed countries, it would give a primae facie suggestion that climate mitigation actions should not be a priority. However certain mitigation actions such as improving energy efficiency, enha ...
Restoration of peatlands and greenhouse gas balances
... be discussed based on a literature review. As the starting conditions for restoration experiments and restoration techniques are very diverse, not all combinations of the involved factors can be taken into account. Moreover, direct measurements of greenhouse gas emissions are very laborious and expe ...
... be discussed based on a literature review. As the starting conditions for restoration experiments and restoration techniques are very diverse, not all combinations of the involved factors can be taken into account. Moreover, direct measurements of greenhouse gas emissions are very laborious and expe ...
PDF
... B.A New Approach to Valuing Climate Change In this paper we propose an alternative strategy to estimate the effects of climate change. We use a county-level panel data file constructed from the Censuses of Agriculture to estimate the effect of weather on agricultural profits, conditional on county a ...
... B.A New Approach to Valuing Climate Change In this paper we propose an alternative strategy to estimate the effects of climate change. We use a county-level panel data file constructed from the Censuses of Agriculture to estimate the effect of weather on agricultural profits, conditional on county a ...
On Welfare Frameworks and Catastrophic Climate Risks
... ultimately unconvincing. Critiques in the third category are shown to be robust however they open up new ethical and empirical challenges for climate economics that have thus far been neglected—how should we ‘value’ catastrophes as a society? I demonstrate that applying results from social choice to ...
... ultimately unconvincing. Critiques in the third category are shown to be robust however they open up new ethical and empirical challenges for climate economics that have thus far been neglected—how should we ‘value’ catastrophes as a society? I demonstrate that applying results from social choice to ...
Chapter 4 Global action and Australia`s role
... energy efficiency, and fuel economy and electricity generation emissions standards. More needs to be done to keep warming below 2 degrees and avoid the worst impacts of climate change, but there are promising signs. The level of action has steadily increased over the last 20 years and accelerated re ...
... energy efficiency, and fuel economy and electricity generation emissions standards. More needs to be done to keep warming below 2 degrees and avoid the worst impacts of climate change, but there are promising signs. The level of action has steadily increased over the last 20 years and accelerated re ...
Seattle City Light Climate Change Analysis - CSES
... climate conditions could lead to substantial impacts on hydrologic conditions and, potentially, on water management. Global climate models provide the main guidance in assessing future climate impacts, but these ...
... climate conditions could lead to substantial impacts on hydrologic conditions and, potentially, on water management. Global climate models provide the main guidance in assessing future climate impacts, but these ...
Sensitivity of tree growth to the atmospheric vertical profile in the
... the relation between tree growth and the horizontal structure of the troposphere, analyses were extended vertically to the mid-stratospheric level. There is increasing evidence that stratospheric processes influence the tropospheric circulation, and several authors have reported stratospheric signat ...
... the relation between tree growth and the horizontal structure of the troposphere, analyses were extended vertically to the mid-stratospheric level. There is increasing evidence that stratospheric processes influence the tropospheric circulation, and several authors have reported stratospheric signat ...
Responses of runoff to historical and future climate variability over
... deviation ratio across China are displayed in Figure 3(a) and (b). As shown, the PET deviation ratio is rather small in most parts of China, especially the southern regions, while a larger value is observed mainly in the Xinjiang region, where there ...
... deviation ratio across China are displayed in Figure 3(a) and (b). As shown, the PET deviation ratio is rather small in most parts of China, especially the southern regions, while a larger value is observed mainly in the Xinjiang region, where there ...
Background Paper Nansen Initiative South Asian Regional
... State-led, bottom-up consultative process intended to build consensus on how best to protect and address the needs of people displaced across international borders in the context of drought, flooding and other natural hazards, including those linked to the effects of climate change, as well as how s ...
... State-led, bottom-up consultative process intended to build consensus on how best to protect and address the needs of people displaced across international borders in the context of drought, flooding and other natural hazards, including those linked to the effects of climate change, as well as how s ...
Background Paper
... State-led, bottom-up consultative process intended to build consensus on how best to protect and address the needs of people displaced across international borders in the context of drought, flooding and other natural hazards, including those linked to the effects of climate change, as well as how s ...
... State-led, bottom-up consultative process intended to build consensus on how best to protect and address the needs of people displaced across international borders in the context of drought, flooding and other natural hazards, including those linked to the effects of climate change, as well as how s ...
unlocking ambition - The Climate Group
... The first is efficiency. Of course, every company and government wants to be efficient. But committing to reduce emissions to near zero gives that intent a direction – demanding more productivity with less waste. It’s what encouraged Walmart (pages 6-7), a company built on operational efficiency, to ...
... The first is efficiency. Of course, every company and government wants to be efficient. But committing to reduce emissions to near zero gives that intent a direction – demanding more productivity with less waste. It’s what encouraged Walmart (pages 6-7), a company built on operational efficiency, to ...
georgia - Climate Forum East
... 3.1.1 Overview of the healthcare sector.................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Overview of national health trends..................................... ...
... 3.1.1 Overview of the healthcare sector.................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Overview of national health trends..................................... ...
Why Scientists Disagree About Global Warming
... # GCMs systematically over-estimate the sensitivity of climate to carbon dioxide (CO2), many known forcings and feedbacks are poorly modeled, and modelers exclude forcings and feedbacks that run counter to their mission to find a human influence on climate. # NIPCC estimates a doubling of CO2 from p ...
... # GCMs systematically over-estimate the sensitivity of climate to carbon dioxide (CO2), many known forcings and feedbacks are poorly modeled, and modelers exclude forcings and feedbacks that run counter to their mission to find a human influence on climate. # NIPCC estimates a doubling of CO2 from p ...
ARTICLE Potential climate change impacts on temperate forest ecosystem processes
... increases process rates (Gunderson et al. 2000; Aerts et al. 2006; Hyvonen et al. 2007). While these manipulative field studies provide useful insight into how forests respond to individual environmental change factors, logistical constraints often prevent the examination of complex and antagonistic ...
... increases process rates (Gunderson et al. 2000; Aerts et al. 2006; Hyvonen et al. 2007). While these manipulative field studies provide useful insight into how forests respond to individual environmental change factors, logistical constraints often prevent the examination of complex and antagonistic ...
Pandas` Bamboo Food May Be Lost to Climate Change
... the coming century. The results suggest that if the bamboo is restricted to its current distribution area, between 80 and 100 percent of it will disappear by the end of the 21st century, because it won' t be able to grow under the increased temperatures. [How Pandas Pick the Perfect Spot to Pee] If, ...
... the coming century. The results suggest that if the bamboo is restricted to its current distribution area, between 80 and 100 percent of it will disappear by the end of the 21st century, because it won' t be able to grow under the increased temperatures. [How Pandas Pick the Perfect Spot to Pee] If, ...
Analysis of Statistical Power Reconciles Drought
... very small change in the overall likelihood of conflict. If some variable caused the risk of conflict to 4 Hsiang, Burke, and Miguel, “Reconciling Temperature–conflict Results in Kenya”; M.A Levy et al. “Freshwater availability anomalies and outbreak of internal war: Results from a global spatial ti ...
... very small change in the overall likelihood of conflict. If some variable caused the risk of conflict to 4 Hsiang, Burke, and Miguel, “Reconciling Temperature–conflict Results in Kenya”; M.A Levy et al. “Freshwater availability anomalies and outbreak of internal war: Results from a global spatial ti ...
Water-based Adhesives for Flexible Packaging
... This category reflects the climate change impact of air emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Increased GHGs in the troposphere result in warming of the earth’s surface. The impact of greenhouse gas emissions – such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – is assessed ov ...
... This category reflects the climate change impact of air emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Increased GHGs in the troposphere result in warming of the earth’s surface. The impact of greenhouse gas emissions – such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – is assessed ov ...
Mid- to Late Holocene climate change: an overview
... conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in comparison to larger glacial–interglacial changes), and because abundant, detailed regional palaeoclimatic proxy records cover this period. We use selected proxy-based reconstructions of different climate variables, together with state ...
... conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in comparison to larger glacial–interglacial changes), and because abundant, detailed regional palaeoclimatic proxy records cover this period. We use selected proxy-based reconstructions of different climate variables, together with state ...
Working Paper 198 - Castells-Quintana et al (opens in new window)
... 5. Future generations and social justice 6. Growth and the economy 7. International environmental negotiations 8. Modelling and decision making 9. Private sector adaptation, risk and insurance More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found a ...
... 5. Future generations and social justice 6. Growth and the economy 7. International environmental negotiations 8. Modelling and decision making 9. Private sector adaptation, risk and insurance More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found a ...
Food Security and Climate Change Assessment: Sudan
... more narrative approach is taken to the food security analysis due to constraints of data availability. The first step was to ensure a good understanding of the baseline climate and its relationship with current livelihoods and food security. Three climatologically similar zones were defined for th ...
... more narrative approach is taken to the food security analysis due to constraints of data availability. The first step was to ensure a good understanding of the baseline climate and its relationship with current livelihoods and food security. Three climatologically similar zones were defined for th ...
Vulnerability of New Zealand pastoral farming to the impacts of
... national benefit in using the same methodology, since doing so would facilitate meaningful interregional comparison. Climate change impacts on the soil water regime and pasture productivity may be one such case, where the adoption of a common methodology is plausible. This paper develops such a meth ...
... national benefit in using the same methodology, since doing so would facilitate meaningful interregional comparison. Climate change impacts on the soil water regime and pasture productivity may be one such case, where the adoption of a common methodology is plausible. This paper develops such a meth ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.