Spending adaptation money wisely: Working Paper 37 (opens in new window)
... about finance – or more accurately, about the lack of trust. The protracted Convention negotiations under the Bali Action Plan (agreed in December 2007) have devoted much time and energy to the discussion of process: how funds should be raised, through which channels they should be disbursed, how sp ...
... about finance – or more accurately, about the lack of trust. The protracted Convention negotiations under the Bali Action Plan (agreed in December 2007) have devoted much time and energy to the discussion of process: how funds should be raised, through which channels they should be disbursed, how sp ...
Feedback Dynamics, Sensitivity - Apollo-Gaia
... surface (from geo-thermal and solar sources) is dynamically balanced by energy transmitted through its atmosphere and radiated to space. If there is any modification of the energy output of the planet that disturbs the dynamic thermal equilibrium, then there will inevitably be an adjustment in the a ...
... surface (from geo-thermal and solar sources) is dynamically balanced by energy transmitted through its atmosphere and radiated to space. If there is any modification of the energy output of the planet that disturbs the dynamic thermal equilibrium, then there will inevitably be an adjustment in the a ...
2016: global heat record broken again
... 2016) on record, while the last record cold year globally was over one hundred years ago in 1908 (NOAA 2017a). An increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases, resulting mainly from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), is driving climate change, including increasing temperatures in Australia ...
... 2016) on record, while the last record cold year globally was over one hundred years ago in 1908 (NOAA 2017a). An increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases, resulting mainly from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), is driving climate change, including increasing temperatures in Australia ...
Climate Change in Southern New Hampshire
... The growing season will get longer, which may provide opportunities for farmers to grow new crops. ...
... The growing season will get longer, which may provide opportunities for farmers to grow new crops. ...
Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Tanzania
... of ecosystems including freshwater rivers, mountains, drylands, wetlands, savannah, coastal and marine ecosystems, many of which are transboundary like the Lake Tanganyika ecosystem, which is shared between four countries. These ecosystems directly and indirectly support the livelihoods of the popul ...
... of ecosystems including freshwater rivers, mountains, drylands, wetlands, savannah, coastal and marine ecosystems, many of which are transboundary like the Lake Tanganyika ecosystem, which is shared between four countries. These ecosystems directly and indirectly support the livelihoods of the popul ...
Net carbon uptake has increased through warming-induced changes in temperate forest phenology LETTERS
... over ecosystem function and leads to multiple feedbacks to the climate system1 . Phenology is inherently sensitive to temperature (although the exact sensitivity is disputed2 ) and recent warming is reported to have led to earlier spring, later autumn3,4 and increased vegetation activity5,6 . Such g ...
... over ecosystem function and leads to multiple feedbacks to the climate system1 . Phenology is inherently sensitive to temperature (although the exact sensitivity is disputed2 ) and recent warming is reported to have led to earlier spring, later autumn3,4 and increased vegetation activity5,6 . Such g ...
Making agriculture in Africa climate-smart
... benefits from social, environmental and economic angles. It describes farming systems that are ‘capable of maintaining their productivity and usefulness to society indefinitely. Such systems must be resource conserving, socially supportive, commercially competitive, and environmentally sound’ (Ikerd ...
... benefits from social, environmental and economic angles. It describes farming systems that are ‘capable of maintaining their productivity and usefulness to society indefinitely. Such systems must be resource conserving, socially supportive, commercially competitive, and environmentally sound’ (Ikerd ...
Co Chairs Summary
... and livelihoods. Being dependent on coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs and mangroves, these small-scale fisheries will be challenged by the fact that these ecosystems are under serious pressure from human activities including deteriorating coastal water quality, sedimentation, and overfishing; ...
... and livelihoods. Being dependent on coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs and mangroves, these small-scale fisheries will be challenged by the fact that these ecosystems are under serious pressure from human activities including deteriorating coastal water quality, sedimentation, and overfishing; ...
CHAPTER 13 CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND WESTERN WILDFIRE WITH IMPLICATIONS
... (Brubaker, 1986; Dale & Franklin, 1989; Franklin et al., 1991). Highintensity disturbances, however, have the potential to reset stand development to the establishment stage (Franklin et al., 2002), which is the stage most sensitive to adverse environmental conditions, such as drought and heat (Brub ...
... (Brubaker, 1986; Dale & Franklin, 1989; Franklin et al., 1991). Highintensity disturbances, however, have the potential to reset stand development to the establishment stage (Franklin et al., 2002), which is the stage most sensitive to adverse environmental conditions, such as drought and heat (Brub ...
Assessing potential climate change effects on loblolly pine growth: A
... account for topographical effects, and physical consistency should be maintained among climatic variables. All data should be interpolated to a single grid cell size, including climate change projections from GCMs that operate at different spatial resolutions. The SGCP (among others) supported an ef ...
... account for topographical effects, and physical consistency should be maintained among climatic variables. All data should be interpolated to a single grid cell size, including climate change projections from GCMs that operate at different spatial resolutions. The SGCP (among others) supported an ef ...
changes in ground-level air pollution over europe
... shorter lifetime, anthropogenic emissions less well known and of similar magnitude as natural emissions. ...
... shorter lifetime, anthropogenic emissions less well known and of similar magnitude as natural emissions. ...
The role of private investment in increasing climate friendly technologies in developing
... outlining rules. For this reason, future growth in new flows is heavily dependent on a new international agreement on climate change. The speed with which these flows begin to build will be disrupted by the present financial crisis. Already, we are seeing some impacts on financing for low-carbon tec ...
... outlining rules. For this reason, future growth in new flows is heavily dependent on a new international agreement on climate change. The speed with which these flows begin to build will be disrupted by the present financial crisis. Already, we are seeing some impacts on financing for low-carbon tec ...
1 Meeting the targets or re-imagining society? An empirical study
... understand how overarching ethical and moral concepts informed people’s perceptions of CCS. Previous research shows that those within the CCS epistemic community are less open to critical reflection on the technology due to institutional and personal commitments (Stephens et al, 2011), whereas low a ...
... understand how overarching ethical and moral concepts informed people’s perceptions of CCS. Previous research shows that those within the CCS epistemic community are less open to critical reflection on the technology due to institutional and personal commitments (Stephens et al, 2011), whereas low a ...
Climate change leadership: A study of climate change
... Linked to climate change is the rising global temperature due to the greenhouse (GHG) effect phenomenon IPCC (2007). Climate change is thought to be a direct cause of excessive and rare natural phenomena being experienced globally Europ (2005). Some of the phenomena include a change in rainfall patt ...
... Linked to climate change is the rising global temperature due to the greenhouse (GHG) effect phenomenon IPCC (2007). Climate change is thought to be a direct cause of excessive and rare natural phenomena being experienced globally Europ (2005). Some of the phenomena include a change in rainfall patt ...
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... adaptation planning and to use this framework to consider the challenges facing transportation agencies engaged in the adaptation process. The report is intended to summarize the state of the practice for ...
... adaptation planning and to use this framework to consider the challenges facing transportation agencies engaged in the adaptation process. The report is intended to summarize the state of the practice for ...
Short-Lived Climate Pollution
... climate by affecting the efficiency with which the planet cools by infrared emission to space. Most of these gases have atmospheric lifetimes of a decade or more, which allows sufficient time for their concentrations to become nearly uniform throughout the troposphere. Combustion also leads to the pro ...
... climate by affecting the efficiency with which the planet cools by infrared emission to space. Most of these gases have atmospheric lifetimes of a decade or more, which allows sufficient time for their concentrations to become nearly uniform throughout the troposphere. Combustion also leads to the pro ...
P:\10 Publications\Books\Why Scientists Disagree\Second Edition\(6
... and climate cycles), 7 (Biological effects of carbon dioxide enrichment), 8 (Species extinction) and 9 (Human health effects). Further, the NIPCC’s regional approach to analyzing extreme events and historical and paleo records of temperature, rainfall, streamflow, glaciers, sea ice, and sea-level ri ...
... and climate cycles), 7 (Biological effects of carbon dioxide enrichment), 8 (Species extinction) and 9 (Human health effects). Further, the NIPCC’s regional approach to analyzing extreme events and historical and paleo records of temperature, rainfall, streamflow, glaciers, sea ice, and sea-level ri ...
here - Urgenda
... energy will not be realised in a day, a month, a year, or even within a decade. Such a global transformation, even when carried out with great focus and concentration, will take many decades to complete. This necessarily means that during this phase of transformation, large additional quantities of ...
... energy will not be realised in a day, a month, a year, or even within a decade. Such a global transformation, even when carried out with great focus and concentration, will take many decades to complete. This necessarily means that during this phase of transformation, large additional quantities of ...
Adapting to climate change in The Netherlands: an inventory of
... in which adaptation takes place, including the factors that determine the capacity of the country or system to adapt”. By involving local stakeholders and experts in the development of a national adaptation strategy the gap between the top-down and bottom-up approaches to adaptation can be bridged, ...
... in which adaptation takes place, including the factors that determine the capacity of the country or system to adapt”. By involving local stakeholders and experts in the development of a national adaptation strategy the gap between the top-down and bottom-up approaches to adaptation can be bridged, ...
Vulnerability, Environmental Security, and Adaptation Awareness in
... In terms of the approach taken when writing this study, I chose to incorporate a variety of sources in order to garner a broad perception of Samoa’s overall situation with climate change. Beginning quantitatively, statistics available from international organizations such as CIA World Factbook, Worl ...
... In terms of the approach taken when writing this study, I chose to incorporate a variety of sources in order to garner a broad perception of Samoa’s overall situation with climate change. Beginning quantitatively, statistics available from international organizations such as CIA World Factbook, Worl ...
ecosystem-based adaptation - Fundação Grupo Boticário de
... the warming of the global system, which can be evidenced based on changes such as the warming of the atmosphere and the oceans and the increase in sealevel, among other changes already observed (PBMC, 2015). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the last three decades we ...
... the warming of the global system, which can be evidenced based on changes such as the warming of the atmosphere and the oceans and the increase in sealevel, among other changes already observed (PBMC, 2015). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the last three decades we ...
Cool dudes: The denial of climate change among conservative white
... et al., 1999) are more likely to express concern about global warming than are their conservative, white, and male counterparts, respectively. The analysis presented below is the first to (a) consider the intersection of political ideology, race, and gender and (b) explicitly examine climate change d ...
... et al., 1999) are more likely to express concern about global warming than are their conservative, white, and male counterparts, respectively. The analysis presented below is the first to (a) consider the intersection of political ideology, race, and gender and (b) explicitly examine climate change d ...
Assessment of Climate Variability Impact on Water Resources within
... influence the spatial distribution and availability of natural resources, ecosystems, and human economy (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2007). The IPCC described climate change as a significant long-term shift or change in weather conditions identified by changes in temp ...
... influence the spatial distribution and availability of natural resources, ecosystems, and human economy (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2007). The IPCC described climate change as a significant long-term shift or change in weather conditions identified by changes in temp ...
Do Not Cite, Quote, or Distribute IPCC WGII AR5
... 3) Harmonization with the Working Group I contribution to the AR5 -- The chapter team should ensure that all cross-references to the Working Group I contribution are updated based on the final drafts of the volume. (Mach, Katharine, IPCC WGII TSU) 4) Report release -- The chapter team should be awar ...
... 3) Harmonization with the Working Group I contribution to the AR5 -- The chapter team should ensure that all cross-references to the Working Group I contribution are updated based on the final drafts of the volume. (Mach, Katharine, IPCC WGII TSU) 4) Report release -- The chapter team should be awar ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION SUCCESS: THE SCOPE OF
... grasp the practical implications of significant climate warming. They are asking: what new or familiar but greater threats must we prepare for? What strategies, both new and well established, are available and feasible? How can and when must they be implemented? And how can the effectiveness of thes ...
... grasp the practical implications of significant climate warming. They are asking: what new or familiar but greater threats must we prepare for? What strategies, both new and well established, are available and feasible? How can and when must they be implemented? And how can the effectiveness of thes ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.