DICE 2013R - Yale Economics
... In this specification, R(t) is the discount factor, while the pure rate of social time preference, ρ , is the discount rate which provides the welfare weights on the utilities of different generations. We should add a note of interpretation of the equilibrium in the DICE model. We have specified the ...
... In this specification, R(t) is the discount factor, while the pure rate of social time preference, ρ , is the discount rate which provides the welfare weights on the utilities of different generations. We should add a note of interpretation of the equilibrium in the DICE model. We have specified the ...
Asset prices and climate policy - Department of Agricultural and
... and other means of intergenerational transfers. Karp and Rezai (2014) study asset prices in an OLG model without a climate component or investment (i.e., for a fixed capital stock). There are many other resource-based OLG models, but these do not consider the effect of environmental policy on the pri ...
... and other means of intergenerational transfers. Karp and Rezai (2014) study asset prices in an OLG model without a climate component or investment (i.e., for a fixed capital stock). There are many other resource-based OLG models, but these do not consider the effect of environmental policy on the pri ...
Full-Text PDF
... methods in Section 3. Discussion of estimation procedure and analysis of empirical results can be found in Section 4. Concluding remarks are contained in Section 5. 2. Conceptual Framework PMT was originally introduced by Rogers in 1975, as an important theory in social cognitive of protective behav ...
... methods in Section 3. Discussion of estimation procedure and analysis of empirical results can be found in Section 4. Concluding remarks are contained in Section 5. 2. Conceptual Framework PMT was originally introduced by Rogers in 1975, as an important theory in social cognitive of protective behav ...
here - OHCHR
... array of countries in virtually every corner of the world. We have tried to tackle these challenges head on and have consistently taken a rights-based and solutions-based approach towards this expanding crisis, whether in Bangladesh or Tuvalu, or Alaska, Panama or Myanmar and beyond. The more we wor ...
... array of countries in virtually every corner of the world. We have tried to tackle these challenges head on and have consistently taken a rights-based and solutions-based approach towards this expanding crisis, whether in Bangladesh or Tuvalu, or Alaska, Panama or Myanmar and beyond. The more we wor ...
The role of mineral-dust aerosols in polar temperature amplification
... The strong polar response to relatively small global concentration changes highlighted in this study with mineral-dust aerosols may also apply to other aerosols such as black carbon and sulphates, which have their own impact on polar climate. The case of LGM dust shows that a moderate global aerosol ...
... The strong polar response to relatively small global concentration changes highlighted in this study with mineral-dust aerosols may also apply to other aerosols such as black carbon and sulphates, which have their own impact on polar climate. The case of LGM dust shows that a moderate global aerosol ...
FAO - NWP: Climate Related Risks and Extreme Events 2007 (pp.3-10)
... -5FAO has been a leader in the use of new data types (in particular rainfall, crop phenology and remotely sensed data) and specific tools (methods and software) such as crop specific water balance, data interpolation in time and space and analysis tools either at continental/regional level or natio ...
... -5FAO has been a leader in the use of new data types (in particular rainfall, crop phenology and remotely sensed data) and specific tools (methods and software) such as crop specific water balance, data interpolation in time and space and analysis tools either at continental/regional level or natio ...
i3084e04
... et al., 2007; Engle, 2011; Williamson, Hesseln and Johnston, 2012). Accordingly, the adaptive capacity of a system can be fundamentally shaped by human actions and it influences both the biophysical and social elements of a system (IPCC, 2012). Research points out that some socio-economic determinan ...
... et al., 2007; Engle, 2011; Williamson, Hesseln and Johnston, 2012). Accordingly, the adaptive capacity of a system can be fundamentally shaped by human actions and it influences both the biophysical and social elements of a system (IPCC, 2012). Research points out that some socio-economic determinan ...
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in the
... The RDS provides a foundation for developing an integrated regional research program (RRP) on climate change vulnerability and adaptation centered around advancing knowledge on socio-economic and biophysical systems, governance and institutions, gender, and wellbeing. The RDS thus provides a broad r ...
... The RDS provides a foundation for developing an integrated regional research program (RRP) on climate change vulnerability and adaptation centered around advancing knowledge on socio-economic and biophysical systems, governance and institutions, gender, and wellbeing. The RDS thus provides a broad r ...
The International and Domestic Law of Climate Change
... States’ difficulties in managing foreign affairs while maintaining the domestic rule of law on heavily regulatory issues such as the environment. This Article asserts that neither Senate advice and consent nor new congressional legislation are necessarily conditions precedent to the United States be ...
... States’ difficulties in managing foreign affairs while maintaining the domestic rule of law on heavily regulatory issues such as the environment. This Article asserts that neither Senate advice and consent nor new congressional legislation are necessarily conditions precedent to the United States be ...
Low carbon resilient development and gender equality in the least
... least developed country governments. This includes planning for the potential effects of climate change on achieving national priorities such as poverty reduction and sustainable agriculture often called climate change adaptation as well as using international finance and national budgetary sources ...
... least developed country governments. This includes planning for the potential effects of climate change on achieving national priorities such as poverty reduction and sustainable agriculture often called climate change adaptation as well as using international finance and national budgetary sources ...
Climate Change - Bermuda National Trust
... sometimes called, is a very real and urgent global issue causing many problems for us, and for our environment. It is not just something that is going to happen one day in the future; it is happening all around us now, all over the world. We need to understand climate change and its effects so we ca ...
... sometimes called, is a very real and urgent global issue causing many problems for us, and for our environment. It is not just something that is going to happen one day in the future; it is happening all around us now, all over the world. We need to understand climate change and its effects so we ca ...
A Region Responds to a Changing Climate
... regionally-consistent methodologies for mapping sea-level rise impacts, assessing vulnerability, and understanding the sources of regional greenhouse gas emissions. Collectively, these work products provide the foundation for this Regional Climate Action Plan, which calls for concerted action in red ...
... regionally-consistent methodologies for mapping sea-level rise impacts, assessing vulnerability, and understanding the sources of regional greenhouse gas emissions. Collectively, these work products provide the foundation for this Regional Climate Action Plan, which calls for concerted action in red ...
Climate change in Africa: a guidebook for journalists
... Climate change is not going away. It will get worse before it gets better. For African nations and people to seize the opportunities and reduce the risks, everyone will need to know more about climate change. The way the media covers it will affect how well societies deal with the problem. Climate c ...
... Climate change is not going away. It will get worse before it gets better. For African nations and people to seize the opportunities and reduce the risks, everyone will need to know more about climate change. The way the media covers it will affect how well societies deal with the problem. Climate c ...
Global Warming and the Free State
... winter, but become more episodic, with more falling in extreme events. Projections of precipitation are much less certain than for temperature, but the mean projections indicated modest increases of about 10% or so are likely in the winter and spring. Because of more intermittent rainfall and increa ...
... winter, but become more episodic, with more falling in extreme events. Projections of precipitation are much less certain than for temperature, but the mean projections indicated modest increases of about 10% or so are likely in the winter and spring. Because of more intermittent rainfall and increa ...
Annex D – EEA contributors and resource planning
... In a few cases, new indicators may be added to reflect increased policy concern and/or improvements in the information base. The overall aim is arriving at a reasonably comprehensive but concise set of indicators that score sufficiently high regarding policy relevance on the one hand and data qualit ...
... In a few cases, new indicators may be added to reflect increased policy concern and/or improvements in the information base. The overall aim is arriving at a reasonably comprehensive but concise set of indicators that score sufficiently high regarding policy relevance on the one hand and data qualit ...
Evans - NERC
... There is good evidence that changes in climate are associated with distributional shifts and population trends in some UK fauna (see below and other report card papers). A complete assessment of climate change impacts requires understanding the mechanisms driving these changes. This is essential for ...
... There is good evidence that changes in climate are associated with distributional shifts and population trends in some UK fauna (see below and other report card papers). A complete assessment of climate change impacts requires understanding the mechanisms driving these changes. This is essential for ...
the book - Connecting Delta Cities
... At present, more than 50% of the entire world population lives in cities. According to the United Nations, more than two thirds of the world’s large cities are vulnerable to rising sea levels, exposing millions of people to the risk of extreme floods and storms. Within the next 30 years, the United ...
... At present, more than 50% of the entire world population lives in cities. According to the United Nations, more than two thirds of the world’s large cities are vulnerable to rising sea levels, exposing millions of people to the risk of extreme floods and storms. Within the next 30 years, the United ...
Chapter 6 | Synthesis 6. Synthesis 6.1 Introduction
... a secondary mechanism: facilitation of sea-ice formation, which affects deep-water formation, disturbing the thermohaline circulation. In another sensitivity experiment, the role of the dynamic distribution of ...
... a secondary mechanism: facilitation of sea-ice formation, which affects deep-water formation, disturbing the thermohaline circulation. In another sensitivity experiment, the role of the dynamic distribution of ...
A simple carbon cycle representation for
... Fig. 1 Atmospheric CO2 anomaly for BEAM and DICE (2007 and 2010) carbon models compared to intermediate complexity UVic and CLIMBER-2 models for the A2+ scenario (left). (See Section 5 for descriptions.) BEAM matches output of the more complex models well for the duration of the simulation, leading ...
... Fig. 1 Atmospheric CO2 anomaly for BEAM and DICE (2007 and 2010) carbon models compared to intermediate complexity UVic and CLIMBER-2 models for the A2+ scenario (left). (See Section 5 for descriptions.) BEAM matches output of the more complex models well for the duration of the simulation, leading ...
Thomas Sheffer Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of
... particularly true for vulnerable coastal regions where projected impacts are the most severe. While substantial attention and action is being given to mitigating the human contribution to climate change, the US has been slow to initiate adaptation planning for both projected changes and those alread ...
... particularly true for vulnerable coastal regions where projected impacts are the most severe. While substantial attention and action is being given to mitigating the human contribution to climate change, the US has been slow to initiate adaptation planning for both projected changes and those alread ...
Adaptation of crops to climate change through genotypic responses
... et al., 2005). There is also some evidence that the beneficial impacts of CO2 may not be as large as previously thought (Long et al., 2005). These observations are merely suggestive, however; there may be an interaction between high CO2 and high temperature stress that, if parameterised, would produ ...
... et al., 2005). There is also some evidence that the beneficial impacts of CO2 may not be as large as previously thought (Long et al., 2005). These observations are merely suggestive, however; there may be an interaction between high CO2 and high temperature stress that, if parameterised, would produ ...
Vulnerability of coastal communities to key
... alike are how reef-dependant societies are being affected by, and what capacity they have to adapt to, climate change impacts. Research on social vulnerability to disasters, global environmental change, famine, and poverty has a long history in social science disciplines such as human geography (Adg ...
... alike are how reef-dependant societies are being affected by, and what capacity they have to adapt to, climate change impacts. Research on social vulnerability to disasters, global environmental change, famine, and poverty has a long history in social science disciplines such as human geography (Adg ...
Empirical evidence for Thailand surface temperature changes and
... 1970s have been in phase with the persistent and exceptionally strong warm phase of ENSO cycles. Furthermore, the EOF1 coefficient series of T min and T amin have monotonically increased at a faster rate than those of T max , and T amax since the mid 1950s that resemble the greenhouse warming finger ...
... 1970s have been in phase with the persistent and exceptionally strong warm phase of ENSO cycles. Furthermore, the EOF1 coefficient series of T min and T amin have monotonically increased at a faster rate than those of T max , and T amax since the mid 1950s that resemble the greenhouse warming finger ...
FB_CC_draft 01_Layout 1
... calves died and some ranchers lost well over half their herd at a time when the federal government, and the disaster aid programs it administers, was shut down due to the budget standoff (Hirtzer 2013). The impacts of climate change on working lands will be magnified by losing critical ecosystem ser ...
... calves died and some ranchers lost well over half their herd at a time when the federal government, and the disaster aid programs it administers, was shut down due to the budget standoff (Hirtzer 2013). The impacts of climate change on working lands will be magnified by losing critical ecosystem ser ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.