Scientists - Environmental Defense Fund
... the other amici supporting petitioners and that it is thus necessary for the scientists to file a separate brief to state their views. These scientists wish to address different issues than the other amici intend to address in their briefs. These scientists have expertise in a diverse number of fiel ...
... the other amici supporting petitioners and that it is thus necessary for the scientists to file a separate brief to state their views. These scientists wish to address different issues than the other amici intend to address in their briefs. These scientists have expertise in a diverse number of fiel ...
Assessing the Risk of a Collapse of the Atlantic Thermohaline
... billion watts (10 watts, a petawatt). As a result of this northward heat transport, at least in part, Europe is up to 8°C warmer than other longitudes at its latitude, with the largest effect in winter. It is this comparatively mild European climate, as well as the interrelated climates elsewhere, t ...
... billion watts (10 watts, a petawatt). As a result of this northward heat transport, at least in part, Europe is up to 8°C warmer than other longitudes at its latitude, with the largest effect in winter. It is this comparatively mild European climate, as well as the interrelated climates elsewhere, t ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF LIMITED
... In this study, an attempt is made to assess the economic impact of climate change on Aruba. This study has three main objectives. The first is to examine the factors that influence the demand and supply of tourism in Aruba. The second is to forecast the cost of climate change to the tourism sector u ...
... In this study, an attempt is made to assess the economic impact of climate change on Aruba. This study has three main objectives. The first is to examine the factors that influence the demand and supply of tourism in Aruba. The second is to forecast the cost of climate change to the tourism sector u ...
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL IPCC-XVIII/Doc. 2 ON CLIMATE
... interactions between climate change and sustainable development. A scoping meeting was proposed to prepare the ground for such a report (see document IPCC-XVII/CRP.1). ...
... interactions between climate change and sustainable development. A scoping meeting was proposed to prepare the ground for such a report (see document IPCC-XVII/CRP.1). ...
Studying Climate Change: Proxy Indicators
... Solar output and ocean absorption influence climate • Solar output: drives temperature change on Earth’s surface - The Sun varies in the radiation it emits - Variation in solar energy (i.e., solar flares) has not been great enough to change Earth’s temperature • Ocean absorption: the ocean holds 50 ...
... Solar output and ocean absorption influence climate • Solar output: drives temperature change on Earth’s surface - The Sun varies in the radiation it emits - Variation in solar energy (i.e., solar flares) has not been great enough to change Earth’s temperature • Ocean absorption: the ocean holds 50 ...
Climate Science, the Public and the News Media
... climate science through the news media might be improved are: • Cultural factors influence the way the public assimilate and process information and these should be taken into account when designing a communications approach. Opportunities to do this include: encouraging a range of talented science ...
... climate science through the news media might be improved are: • Cultural factors influence the way the public assimilate and process information and these should be taken into account when designing a communications approach. Opportunities to do this include: encouraging a range of talented science ...
Understanding and Reducing the Risks of Climate Change for
... human health. Yet freshwater resources are unevenly and irregularly distributed, with some regions of the world extremely short of water. Political borders and boundaries rarely coincide with borders of watersheds, ensuring that politics inevitably intrude on water policy. Indeed, more than 260 rive ...
... human health. Yet freshwater resources are unevenly and irregularly distributed, with some regions of the world extremely short of water. Political borders and boundaries rarely coincide with borders of watersheds, ensuring that politics inevitably intrude on water policy. Indeed, more than 260 rive ...
Forced Sahel rainfall trends in the CMIP5 archive.
... should not surprise, then, that similar disagreements would surface in CMIP5 or even be amplified, given the additional uncertainty in the projected radiative forcings. When the individual model trends are shown against the typical range of comparable trends in the pre-industrial controls (Figure 3) ...
... should not surprise, then, that similar disagreements would surface in CMIP5 or even be amplified, given the additional uncertainty in the projected radiative forcings. When the individual model trends are shown against the typical range of comparable trends in the pre-industrial controls (Figure 3) ...
Good-Bye Kyoto - Carbon Market Watch
... No overall emission reductions: The CDM was designed for countries that did not have commitments to be met under the Kyoto Protocol. Its goal was to reduce emissions in developing countries to compensate for increased emissions in developed countries leading to a net neutral outcome, not a reduction ...
... No overall emission reductions: The CDM was designed for countries that did not have commitments to be met under the Kyoto Protocol. Its goal was to reduce emissions in developing countries to compensate for increased emissions in developed countries leading to a net neutral outcome, not a reduction ...
Tilburg University Climate change adaptation
... Buenos Aires led to the adoption of the Buenos Aires Programme of Work on Adaptation and Response Measures, which is a rather weak attempt to push adaptation, especially in developing countries, forward. Developing countries were requested to make use of the NAPA opportunities mentioned above; devel ...
... Buenos Aires led to the adoption of the Buenos Aires Programme of Work on Adaptation and Response Measures, which is a rather weak attempt to push adaptation, especially in developing countries, forward. Developing countries were requested to make use of the NAPA opportunities mentioned above; devel ...
Climate Change and Security in Africa - The Africa
... which exacerbates existing trends, tensions and instability” in developing countries1. Such tensions include conflict over resources such as land, water, and food. There is also a great risk posed by increased desertification and migratory pressures. The EU also recognised that while its conflict pr ...
... which exacerbates existing trends, tensions and instability” in developing countries1. Such tensions include conflict over resources such as land, water, and food. There is also a great risk posed by increased desertification and migratory pressures. The EU also recognised that while its conflict pr ...
Background Report: Integrated Ecological Impact Assessment
... increases in the north. Extreme weather events seem to be increasing. All these factors will influence ecological, and therefore social and economic values into the future. Potential climate futures are being modelled, demonstrating the broad implications of alternate global greenhouse gas (GHG) con ...
... increases in the north. Extreme weather events seem to be increasing. All these factors will influence ecological, and therefore social and economic values into the future. Potential climate futures are being modelled, demonstrating the broad implications of alternate global greenhouse gas (GHG) con ...
Climate Change in Afghanistan Deduced from Reanalysis and
... causing substantial economic damage and loss of lives [1,6], showing that even today Afghanistan is not sufficiently adapted to the current climate. Despite this very alarming situation, almost no scientific literature on climate change and its impacts, in the past nor projected for the future, exis ...
... causing substantial economic damage and loss of lives [1,6], showing that even today Afghanistan is not sufficiently adapted to the current climate. Despite this very alarming situation, almost no scientific literature on climate change and its impacts, in the past nor projected for the future, exis ...
How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change
... Climate changes, especially increased variability, affect landscapes, human livelihoods and trees in many ways. They are the consequence of a wider set of global change issues, including population increase, more consumption per capita and trade globalisation. Both people and trees can adapt to chan ...
... Climate changes, especially increased variability, affect landscapes, human livelihoods and trees in many ways. They are the consequence of a wider set of global change issues, including population increase, more consumption per capita and trade globalisation. Both people and trees can adapt to chan ...
How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change
... Climate changes, especially increased variability, affect landscapes, human livelihoods and trees in many ways. They are the consequence of a wider set of global change issues, including population increase, more consumption per capita and trade globalisation. Both people and trees can adapt to chan ...
... Climate changes, especially increased variability, affect landscapes, human livelihoods and trees in many ways. They are the consequence of a wider set of global change issues, including population increase, more consumption per capita and trade globalisation. Both people and trees can adapt to chan ...
Future wave conditions at the German Baltic Sea Coast on
... paper, a hybrid approach has been established, based on statistical and numerical methods to calculate wave information. The approach uses wind data from numerical climate simulations as input data. In this study the changes in mean wind conditions are applied from the regional climate model (RCM) C ...
... paper, a hybrid approach has been established, based on statistical and numerical methods to calculate wave information. The approach uses wind data from numerical climate simulations as input data. In this study the changes in mean wind conditions are applied from the regional climate model (RCM) C ...
WaterfoWl and WetlandS amid Climate Change
... While there are no practical, global solutions for protecting wetlands as a whole from increasing temperatures, changes in precipitation, or rapidly rising sea level – there are a variety of management measures that can be applied to increase the resiliency of specific wetlands or to reduce or parti ...
... While there are no practical, global solutions for protecting wetlands as a whole from increasing temperatures, changes in precipitation, or rapidly rising sea level – there are a variety of management measures that can be applied to increase the resiliency of specific wetlands or to reduce or parti ...
Fiji - unfccc
... Introduction Rationale Many educational resources available on climate change focus on its causes and its mitigation by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. There are very few educational resources that address adaptation measures that are specific to Pacific islands. The focus of this resou ...
... Introduction Rationale Many educational resources available on climate change focus on its causes and its mitigation by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. There are very few educational resources that address adaptation measures that are specific to Pacific islands. The focus of this resou ...
Scoping Study: Reviewing the Coverage of Economic Impacts in the
... Asia, Africa and South America. A specific issue on imported embodied water has also been identified by the review. ...
... Asia, Africa and South America. A specific issue on imported embodied water has also been identified by the review. ...
Summary for Policymakers
... evidence of climate change based on many independent scientific analyses from observations of the climate system, paleoclimate archives, theoretical studies of climate processes and simulations using climate models. It builds upon the Working Group I contribution to the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Repo ...
... evidence of climate change based on many independent scientific analyses from observations of the climate system, paleoclimate archives, theoretical studies of climate processes and simulations using climate models. It builds upon the Working Group I contribution to the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Repo ...
Simple Messages Help Set the Record Straight about Scientific
... that human-caused climate change is occurring. A 2013 survey showed that only 42% of American adults believe “most scientists think global warming is happening.” Moreover, only about 1 in 5 survey respondents (22%) estimated the level of agreement among climate scientists at more than 80%; the most ...
... that human-caused climate change is occurring. A 2013 survey showed that only 42% of American adults believe “most scientists think global warming is happening.” Moreover, only about 1 in 5 survey respondents (22%) estimated the level of agreement among climate scientists at more than 80%; the most ...
Population and climate change scoping paper
... strategy in the face of climate change. In a scenario within which the industrialized North is not radically reducing its carbon emissions, advocating reduced population growth in the South risks appearing to blame climate change on that population growth, instead of recognizing that it is precisely ...
... strategy in the face of climate change. In a scenario within which the industrialized North is not radically reducing its carbon emissions, advocating reduced population growth in the South risks appearing to blame climate change on that population growth, instead of recognizing that it is precisely ...
climate change - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... Another prospective option, which is more risky and highly controversial, is to directly manipulate the climate system by using either carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management techniques. These techniques have been labelled geoengineering. ...
... Another prospective option, which is more risky and highly controversial, is to directly manipulate the climate system by using either carbon dioxide removal or solar radiation management techniques. These techniques have been labelled geoengineering. ...
NO REASON TO WAIT: REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS
... Act provisions demonstrates that the law is in fact very well-suited to addressing greenhouse emissions, and if expeditiously implemented and enforced would result in emission reductions in the U.S. at least equal to, but likely exceeding, those under any climate legislation currently before Congres ...
... Act provisions demonstrates that the law is in fact very well-suited to addressing greenhouse emissions, and if expeditiously implemented and enforced would result in emission reductions in the U.S. at least equal to, but likely exceeding, those under any climate legislation currently before Congres ...
How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback
... is substantial for all the feedbacks, it is the largest for cloud feedbacks. The comparison also reveals quite a large range in the strength of water vapor and lapse rate feedbacks among GCMs. A strong anticorrelation between the water vapor and lapse rate feedbacks of models is also seen, consisten ...
... is substantial for all the feedbacks, it is the largest for cloud feedbacks. The comparison also reveals quite a large range in the strength of water vapor and lapse rate feedbacks among GCMs. A strong anticorrelation between the water vapor and lapse rate feedbacks of models is also seen, consisten ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.