9 Towards global agreemenT Key points
... are thought to be lower under a price-based instrument for stock pollutants such as greenhouse gases, so getting the price wrong under a tax imposes smaller welfare losses than getting the quantity wrong under a quantity target. Proponents of price-based emissions control have pointed out that a com ...
... are thought to be lower under a price-based instrument for stock pollutants such as greenhouse gases, so getting the price wrong under a tax imposes smaller welfare losses than getting the quantity wrong under a quantity target. Proponents of price-based emissions control have pointed out that a com ...
DICE 2013R - Yale Economics
... In this specification, R(t) is the discount factor, while the pure rate of social time preference, ρ , is the discount rate which provides the welfare weights on the utilities of different generations. We should add a note of interpretation of the equilibrium in the DICE model. We have specified the ...
... In this specification, R(t) is the discount factor, while the pure rate of social time preference, ρ , is the discount rate which provides the welfare weights on the utilities of different generations. We should add a note of interpretation of the equilibrium in the DICE model. We have specified the ...
Climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion Early effects on
... The World Health Organization was established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations serving as the directing and coordinating authority for international health matters and public health. One of WHO’s constitutional functions is to provide objective and reliable information and advi ...
... The World Health Organization was established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations serving as the directing and coordinating authority for international health matters and public health. One of WHO’s constitutional functions is to provide objective and reliable information and advi ...
Assessing the impact of climate change on ecosystem services in
... review and validation of the GIS layers underlying all maps and their relationships with the Framework have yet to be carried out and fully documented. Other work under way is an attempt to identify and determine, in qualitative terms, the extent to which the various ecosystem services in the Framew ...
... review and validation of the GIS layers underlying all maps and their relationships with the Framework have yet to be carried out and fully documented. Other work under way is an attempt to identify and determine, in qualitative terms, the extent to which the various ecosystem services in the Framew ...
Climate Change in Zimbabwe - Konrad-Adenauer
... Zimbabwe has abundant natural resources, including minerals, agricultural land, water, natural vegetation and wildlife. The population in both urban and rural areas depends heavily on ecosystem services that provide a clean, regular water supply, fertile soils and trees for fuel, building constructi ...
... Zimbabwe has abundant natural resources, including minerals, agricultural land, water, natural vegetation and wildlife. The population in both urban and rural areas depends heavily on ecosystem services that provide a clean, regular water supply, fertile soils and trees for fuel, building constructi ...
PDF
... Global climate change and its impacts on crop production Climate change has serious environmental, economic, and social global impacts. Global climate is changing at rates that are unprecedented in recent human history and will continue to change (Gbetibouo, 2009; Pant, 2007). Even if greenhouse gas ...
... Global climate change and its impacts on crop production Climate change has serious environmental, economic, and social global impacts. Global climate is changing at rates that are unprecedented in recent human history and will continue to change (Gbetibouo, 2009; Pant, 2007). Even if greenhouse gas ...
Taking the temperature - Sustainable Development Unit
... of the World Bank, warned in 2006 in a report commissioned by the Treasury that the impact ...
... of the World Bank, warned in 2006 in a report commissioned by the Treasury that the impact ...
Document
... • Scales: Cloud Resolving/Mesoscale/Regional/Global – Global= General Circulation Models (GCM’s) Gettelman: November 2006 ...
... • Scales: Cloud Resolving/Mesoscale/Regional/Global – Global= General Circulation Models (GCM’s) Gettelman: November 2006 ...
Earth Day – Special Virtual Issue from Berghahn Journals
... money has not yet been determined. To make the best use of adaptation funding mechanisms, a better understanding of contemporary and historical processes of adaptation in relation to climate change and other stressors in existing socio-ecological systems must be developed. Climate change can impact ...
... money has not yet been determined. To make the best use of adaptation funding mechanisms, a better understanding of contemporary and historical processes of adaptation in relation to climate change and other stressors in existing socio-ecological systems must be developed. Climate change can impact ...
Report
... which in turn have resulted in a significant increase in the emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere has altered the Earth’s climate system, with long-term and potentially serious implications. As stated by the Intergovernme ...
... which in turn have resulted in a significant increase in the emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere has altered the Earth’s climate system, with long-term and potentially serious implications. As stated by the Intergovernme ...
The Value of Linking Mitigation and Adaptation: A Case Study of
... than mitigation. In practice, because adaptation requires reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptive capacity, there is a significant amount of overlap with development methodologies (Huq and Reid 2007). Yet the divide between adaptation and mitigation has stalled effective action on adaptation. ...
... than mitigation. In practice, because adaptation requires reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptive capacity, there is a significant amount of overlap with development methodologies (Huq and Reid 2007). Yet the divide between adaptation and mitigation has stalled effective action on adaptation. ...
Options for Marine Turtles - Organization of American States
... essentially means an adjustment to better fit current or future conditions. For biologists the term means the process whereby organisms become better suited to their physical environment. In the climate change context, however, adaptation is generally used to mean any human initiatives and measures ...
... essentially means an adjustment to better fit current or future conditions. For biologists the term means the process whereby organisms become better suited to their physical environment. In the climate change context, however, adaptation is generally used to mean any human initiatives and measures ...
CHAPTER 2 OUR CHANGING CLIMATE Climate Change Impacts in the United States
... The majority of the warming at the global scale over the past 50 years can only be explained by the effects of human influ5,6,7 ences, especially the emissions from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) and from deforestation. The emissions from human influences that are affecting climat ...
... The majority of the warming at the global scale over the past 50 years can only be explained by the effects of human influ5,6,7 ences, especially the emissions from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) and from deforestation. The emissions from human influences that are affecting climat ...
Carbon Credit Development - International Journal of Innovative
... officials and statutory regulators have not yet become aware nor understand what it is all about. They do not comprehend how the market works, thus, they continue to live ‘energy-intensive lifestyles and economies’ that produce ‘negative environmental effects’. It has been argued, that, ‘in a carbon ...
... officials and statutory regulators have not yet become aware nor understand what it is all about. They do not comprehend how the market works, thus, they continue to live ‘energy-intensive lifestyles and economies’ that produce ‘negative environmental effects’. It has been argued, that, ‘in a carbon ...
Selection of Climate Models for Developing - hi
... In the climate modelling community, four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) are used as a basis for long-term and near-term climate modelling experiments (van Vuuren et al. 2011b). The four RCPs together span the range of radiative forcing values for the year 2100 as found in literature, f ...
... In the climate modelling community, four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) are used as a basis for long-term and near-term climate modelling experiments (van Vuuren et al. 2011b). The four RCPs together span the range of radiative forcing values for the year 2100 as found in literature, f ...
The Economic Cost of Climate Change in Africa
... Below is a short introduction to this report’s main findings and recommendations. ...
... Below is a short introduction to this report’s main findings and recommendations. ...
What California`s Coastal Managers Need to Plan for Climate Change
... Coastal managers at local, regional, state, and federal levels will need to plan and implement adaptation measures to cope with these consequences. This study explored the information needs of California’s coastal managers, who confront the growing risks from climate change. It examined the chal ...
... Coastal managers at local, regional, state, and federal levels will need to plan and implement adaptation measures to cope with these consequences. This study explored the information needs of California’s coastal managers, who confront the growing risks from climate change. It examined the chal ...
Climate change impacts on Yangtze River discharge at the Three
... ilar results are also shown in Piao et al. (2010), Tao et al. (2012) and Jiang and Tian (2013). However, there have been no previous studies using the most recent CMIP5 climate change projections together with a hydrological model. Ma et al. (2010) considered terrestrial water storage changes within ...
... ilar results are also shown in Piao et al. (2010), Tao et al. (2012) and Jiang and Tian (2013). However, there have been no previous studies using the most recent CMIP5 climate change projections together with a hydrological model. Ma et al. (2010) considered terrestrial water storage changes within ...
terms of reference
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21/CMP11), otherwise known as “Paris 2015” from November 30th to December 11th. COP21 will be a crucial conference, as it needs to achieve a new international agreement on the climate, applicable to all countries, with the aim of keeping glob ...
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21/CMP11), otherwise known as “Paris 2015” from November 30th to December 11th. COP21 will be a crucial conference, as it needs to achieve a new international agreement on the climate, applicable to all countries, with the aim of keeping glob ...
Slide 1
... Working together for sustainable economies We thank all 5,000+ companies that disclose through CDP. Our climate change, forests, supply chain and water programs draw on our unique global system, to drive transparency and accountability for business impacts across the earth’s natural capital. www.cd ...
... Working together for sustainable economies We thank all 5,000+ companies that disclose through CDP. Our climate change, forests, supply chain and water programs draw on our unique global system, to drive transparency and accountability for business impacts across the earth’s natural capital. www.cd ...
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
... The projected areal rainfall will increase by 0.34 mm per year for A1B which is averagely 1% less than the annual baseline period. Areal rainfall for A2 scenario will increase by 0.41 mm per year which is averagely 9% more than the baseline period. SWAT model was successfully calibrated and validate ...
... The projected areal rainfall will increase by 0.34 mm per year for A1B which is averagely 1% less than the annual baseline period. Areal rainfall for A2 scenario will increase by 0.41 mm per year which is averagely 9% more than the baseline period. SWAT model was successfully calibrated and validate ...
Confronting Climate Change in California
... ver the past century, human activities have dramatically altered the natural landscape of California. Our historical legacy includes severe shrinkage and isolation of natural habitats, altered flows in streams and rivers, extensive introductions of nonnative plants and animals, and pollution of the ...
... ver the past century, human activities have dramatically altered the natural landscape of California. Our historical legacy includes severe shrinkage and isolation of natural habitats, altered flows in streams and rivers, extensive introductions of nonnative plants and animals, and pollution of the ...
PDF
... measured tried to capture a more comprehensive scale of vulnerability. This was done by including many indicators that served as proxies to look at different aspects of vulnerability. In other words, it was assumed that vulnerability could arise out of a variety of factors. However, more specificall ...
... measured tried to capture a more comprehensive scale of vulnerability. This was done by including many indicators that served as proxies to look at different aspects of vulnerability. In other words, it was assumed that vulnerability could arise out of a variety of factors. However, more specificall ...
Module 1: Introduction to climate change in the context of
... Despite this complexity, the question how to approach climate change is being addressed by scientists. This is done in so-called integrated assessments. Such assessments apply the judgment of experts to existing knowledge to provide scientifically credible answers to policy-relevant questions [Leema ...
... Despite this complexity, the question how to approach climate change is being addressed by scientists. This is done in so-called integrated assessments. Such assessments apply the judgment of experts to existing knowledge to provide scientifically credible answers to policy-relevant questions [Leema ...
1 OCTOBER TERM, 2006 Syllabus
... physical, chemical . . . substance . . . emitted into . . . the ambient air.” §7602(g). EPA ultimately denied the petition, reasoning that (1) the Act does not authorize it to issue mandatory regulations to address global climate change, and (2) even if it had the authority to set greenhouse gas emi ...
... physical, chemical . . . substance . . . emitted into . . . the ambient air.” §7602(g). EPA ultimately denied the petition, reasoning that (1) the Act does not authorize it to issue mandatory regulations to address global climate change, and (2) even if it had the authority to set greenhouse gas emi ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.