In Search of Shelter - Center for International Earth Science
... frameworks for dealing with displacement and migration. The unique challenges posed by climate change must be factored into norms and legal instruments dealing with displacement and migration. Especially important conundrums surround: • disappearing states and non-viable homelands. Unlike some peop ...
... frameworks for dealing with displacement and migration. The unique challenges posed by climate change must be factored into norms and legal instruments dealing with displacement and migration. Especially important conundrums surround: • disappearing states and non-viable homelands. Unlike some peop ...
Background Document - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
... Moenjodaro, Harappa and others. The response could only be effective if it is based upon minute studies backed by exhaustive research on assessment and management of the impacts of Climate Change in the context of World Heritage. The experts from States Parties from various backgrounds ranging from ...
... Moenjodaro, Harappa and others. The response could only be effective if it is based upon minute studies backed by exhaustive research on assessment and management of the impacts of Climate Change in the context of World Heritage. The experts from States Parties from various backgrounds ranging from ...
Wally Was Right: Predictive Ability of the North Atlantic “Conveyor Belt” Hypothesis
... BACKGROUND Broecker et al. (1985) argued, “Until now, our thinking about past and future climate changes has been dominated by the assumption that the response to any gradual forcing will be smooth. But if . . . the system has more than one quasi-stable mode of operation, then the situation is more ...
... BACKGROUND Broecker et al. (1985) argued, “Until now, our thinking about past and future climate changes has been dominated by the assumption that the response to any gradual forcing will be smooth. But if . . . the system has more than one quasi-stable mode of operation, then the situation is more ...
Chapter 6: Projections Based on Global Climate Models
... while increases are projected in the south (Figure 6.5). However, the multi‑model annual and seasonal median changes are relatively small in most locations, with values of typically less than ±0.5 metres per second (± ~10%) projected for all emissions scenarios and time periods. Wind speed in the vi ...
... while increases are projected in the south (Figure 6.5). However, the multi‑model annual and seasonal median changes are relatively small in most locations, with values of typically less than ±0.5 metres per second (± ~10%) projected for all emissions scenarios and time periods. Wind speed in the vi ...
Conserving Freshwater and Coastal Resources in a Changing Climate
... most likely, centuries. It is important for organizations, agencies, and individuals working on environmental conservation to understand the probable ecological and societal effects of climate change and to identify and implement appropriate policies to plan for and adapt to climate changes and depl ...
... most likely, centuries. It is important for organizations, agencies, and individuals working on environmental conservation to understand the probable ecological and societal effects of climate change and to identify and implement appropriate policies to plan for and adapt to climate changes and depl ...
The International and Domestic Law of Climate Change: A Binding
... States’ difficulties in managing foreign affairs while maintaining the domestic rule of law on heavily regulatory issues such as the environment. This Article asserts that neither Senate advice and consent nor new congressional legislation are necessarily conditions precedent to the United States be ...
... States’ difficulties in managing foreign affairs while maintaining the domestic rule of law on heavily regulatory issues such as the environment. This Article asserts that neither Senate advice and consent nor new congressional legislation are necessarily conditions precedent to the United States be ...
Climate and Terrestrial Ecosystem Change in the
... resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, curr ...
... resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, curr ...
Polish National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change
... phenomena, taking place in the last few decades, tend to deepen and therefore they have become a matter of interest to governments and the international community. The results of scientific research clearly indicate that phenomena caused by climate change are a threat to the social and economic deve ...
... phenomena, taking place in the last few decades, tend to deepen and therefore they have become a matter of interest to governments and the international community. The results of scientific research clearly indicate that phenomena caused by climate change are a threat to the social and economic deve ...
Project management
... worst polluters, environmental licensing, reformed forestry management, and improved municipal water supply and waste collection practices in the cities. Capacity issues Despite the country’s achievements more work is needed to create effective and sustainable systems, platforms and mechanisms to re ...
... worst polluters, environmental licensing, reformed forestry management, and improved municipal water supply and waste collection practices in the cities. Capacity issues Despite the country’s achievements more work is needed to create effective and sustainable systems, platforms and mechanisms to re ...
Sustainable Agriculture Land Management Practices for Climate
... This training guide reflects the insights, ideas and contributions of many people. The authors would like to thank the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) for providing the funding for this manual. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the staff at ...
... This training guide reflects the insights, ideas and contributions of many people. The authors would like to thank the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) for providing the funding for this manual. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the staff at ...
The End of the Kyoto Protocol - Digital Commons @ Georgia Law
... operation of cars, aircrafts, and other machines.31 Thus, greenhouse gases come from a wide variety of both natural and unnatural sources. Regardless of their source, greenhouse gases operate by trapping heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.32 Generally, if these gases are not present, when sunlight hits ...
... operation of cars, aircrafts, and other machines.31 Thus, greenhouse gases come from a wide variety of both natural and unnatural sources. Regardless of their source, greenhouse gases operate by trapping heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.32 Generally, if these gases are not present, when sunlight hits ...
Greening of the Earth and its drivers
... of the effect of other factors were estimated as a residual, by subtracting the simulated ...
... of the effect of other factors were estimated as a residual, by subtracting the simulated ...
Republic of Gambia, Initial National Communication
... Percentage depreciation of the Gambian Dalasi in 1999 against major international currencies ...
... Percentage depreciation of the Gambian Dalasi in 1999 against major international currencies ...
Climate Change Adaptation and Development
... As a result of evidence that human-induced global climate change is already occurring and will continue to affect society over the coming decades, a surge in interest in impact-oriented action is discernable since the beginning of the century, in contrast to efforts centred on prevention (Burton et ...
... As a result of evidence that human-induced global climate change is already occurring and will continue to affect society over the coming decades, a surge in interest in impact-oriented action is discernable since the beginning of the century, in contrast to efforts centred on prevention (Burton et ...
Full Report - Focus on Energy
... simulations are probably nearer to the upper-end of the strength of this effect. Projected carbon losses are highest for the climate simulations that predict the most warming and drying in Wisconsin. For the high-end A2fixCO2 scenario, Wisconsin natural vegetation is projected to lose 18.9 Tg CO2 pe ...
... simulations are probably nearer to the upper-end of the strength of this effect. Projected carbon losses are highest for the climate simulations that predict the most warming and drying in Wisconsin. For the high-end A2fixCO2 scenario, Wisconsin natural vegetation is projected to lose 18.9 Tg CO2 pe ...
Coastal habitats shield people and property from sea
... These pioneering initiatives will probably be emulated by other regions. Our results suggest that the extent to which natural defence mechanisms operate depends on the relative location of the hazard (for example, sea-level rise hotspots)5 , habitats, vulnerable populations and properties. Questions ...
... These pioneering initiatives will probably be emulated by other regions. Our results suggest that the extent to which natural defence mechanisms operate depends on the relative location of the hazard (for example, sea-level rise hotspots)5 , habitats, vulnerable populations and properties. Questions ...
By Harsimranjit Singh Brar (L-2014-A-32-M)
... Climate change is one of the greatest challenges being faced by global community in 21st century. Air temperature near the earth surface rose by 0.74° C from 1906 to 2005 and it is estimated to increase as much as 6.4° C on average during the 21st century (Anonymous 2007a). Climate change refers to ...
... Climate change is one of the greatest challenges being faced by global community in 21st century. Air temperature near the earth surface rose by 0.74° C from 1906 to 2005 and it is estimated to increase as much as 6.4° C on average during the 21st century (Anonymous 2007a). Climate change refers to ...
Decadal co-variability of Atlantic SSTs and western Amazon dry
... forcing. This approach assumes that local trends are related to global temperature increase only and local factors (ex: land-use change) cannot be separated. However, local effects are reduced for area integrated or averaged variables such as the time series partitioned (JAS-SPI, RNWL and NSG). This ...
... forcing. This approach assumes that local trends are related to global temperature increase only and local factors (ex: land-use change) cannot be separated. However, local effects are reduced for area integrated or averaged variables such as the time series partitioned (JAS-SPI, RNWL and NSG). This ...
Understanding Human Rights and Climate Change
... the development and dissemination of new climate mitigation and adaptation technologies including technologies for sustainable production and consumption. Environmentally clean and sound technologies should be accessibly priced, the cost of their development should be equitably shared, and their ben ...
... the development and dissemination of new climate mitigation and adaptation technologies including technologies for sustainable production and consumption. Environmentally clean and sound technologies should be accessibly priced, the cost of their development should be equitably shared, and their ben ...
Pollution and Climate Change
... Major concern: sorting ◦ AQ higher in more productive areas (e.g., cities) wealthier families live in dirtier areas ◦ AQ capitalized into housing prices wealthier families live in cleaner areas ...
... Major concern: sorting ◦ AQ higher in more productive areas (e.g., cities) wealthier families live in dirtier areas ◦ AQ capitalized into housing prices wealthier families live in cleaner areas ...
Climate Change Reporting Framework – Edition 1.1 October 2012
... Background to the Climate Change Reporting Framework (CCRF) Demand from a variety of stakeholders and the introduction of regulatory requirements for the provision of information has resulted in organizations making climate change-related disclosures and in the development of standards for certain t ...
... Background to the Climate Change Reporting Framework (CCRF) Demand from a variety of stakeholders and the introduction of regulatory requirements for the provision of information has resulted in organizations making climate change-related disclosures and in the development of standards for certain t ...
Global air temperature variability independent of sea
... the dominant cause of global warming, but that there are additional factors that must be considered. They suggest that a possibly important driver of global temperature variability is North Atlantic Ocean SSTs; additionally, Keenlyside et al. (2008) suggest that natural variations of the North Atlan ...
... the dominant cause of global warming, but that there are additional factors that must be considered. They suggest that a possibly important driver of global temperature variability is North Atlantic Ocean SSTs; additionally, Keenlyside et al. (2008) suggest that natural variations of the North Atlan ...
Latin America
... this basin. Any reductions in rainfall would affect not only Amazonia but also Brazil’s central-south region, where most of the country’s agriculture and silviculture are located. However, with the current rate of deforestation of no more than 10% in Amazonia as a whole, discharge observations acros ...
... this basin. Any reductions in rainfall would affect not only Amazonia but also Brazil’s central-south region, where most of the country’s agriculture and silviculture are located. However, with the current rate of deforestation of no more than 10% in Amazonia as a whole, discharge observations acros ...
Global urban land-use trends and climate impacts
... cloud and precipitation morphology. Climate–aerosol interactions are quite complex and beyond the scope of this discussion, but it is clear from the emerging literature that the negative and positive effects must be placed in the context of scale: local, regional, and global. Emerging challenges wil ...
... cloud and precipitation morphology. Climate–aerosol interactions are quite complex and beyond the scope of this discussion, but it is clear from the emerging literature that the negative and positive effects must be placed in the context of scale: local, regional, and global. Emerging challenges wil ...
climate change in the courts
... balancing local landscape impacts with the positive impacts of increased renewable energy and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Whether challenging permit approval or denial, these cases were rarely successful. With respect to the permitting of GHG sources, New Zealand courts found that direct emiss ...
... balancing local landscape impacts with the positive impacts of increased renewable energy and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Whether challenging permit approval or denial, these cases were rarely successful. With respect to the permitting of GHG sources, New Zealand courts found that direct emiss ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.