Robust options for decarbonization Thomas Bruckner, Ottmar
... Since 2007, the perceptions of the international community all over the world about the dangers of climate change and about the need for vigorous response strategies have changed dramatically. This change was triggered by the release of the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) Climate Change 2007 by the I ...
... Since 2007, the perceptions of the international community all over the world about the dangers of climate change and about the need for vigorous response strategies have changed dramatically. This change was triggered by the release of the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) Climate Change 2007 by the I ...
developing a regional methodology for climate adaptation in the nile
... studies have demonstrated that modelling current and future changes in river runoff presents a number of challenges; the large size of the basin, the complexity of the hydrology – the Nile Basin exhibits one of the most extensive system of lakes and wetlands in the world with little known hydrology, ...
... studies have demonstrated that modelling current and future changes in river runoff presents a number of challenges; the large size of the basin, the complexity of the hydrology – the Nile Basin exhibits one of the most extensive system of lakes and wetlands in the world with little known hydrology, ...
Scenario building in climate science
... i.e., a prediction which utilizes assumptions about a few critical, often intrinsically unpredictable developments. • When all conditional predictions agree, it is an unconditional prediction (i.e., there will be a warming) ...
... i.e., a prediction which utilizes assumptions about a few critical, often intrinsically unpredictable developments. • When all conditional predictions agree, it is an unconditional prediction (i.e., there will be a warming) ...
What causes Earth`s climate and climate change?
... 1750 (start of Industrialization) = 275 ppm today (2010) = 389 ppm increases about 1.7 ppm per year present CO2 levels are the highest in the last 400,000 years, based on ice core studies Since 1865, global mean surface temperature has increased from 14.4 to 15.4 C, the warmest in the last ...
... 1750 (start of Industrialization) = 275 ppm today (2010) = 389 ppm increases about 1.7 ppm per year present CO2 levels are the highest in the last 400,000 years, based on ice core studies Since 1865, global mean surface temperature has increased from 14.4 to 15.4 C, the warmest in the last ...
Report BFB-PA7-005
... focused on designing and identifying the existing natural water retention measures that aim to protect and manage water retention using natural means and processes. These therefore build up green infrastructure, for example, by restoring ecosystems and changing land use. Mentioned measures have the ...
... focused on designing and identifying the existing natural water retention measures that aim to protect and manage water retention using natural means and processes. These therefore build up green infrastructure, for example, by restoring ecosystems and changing land use. Mentioned measures have the ...
The climatic impacts of land surface change and carbon
... 185 countries. This alternative is also consistent with the Kyoto Protocol. (The Kyoto Protocol does not fully embrace this approach in that it imposes limits on which carbon flows in the biosphere are to be eligible for credits during the 2008–2012 first commitment period, but these limits are base ...
... 185 countries. This alternative is also consistent with the Kyoto Protocol. (The Kyoto Protocol does not fully embrace this approach in that it imposes limits on which carbon flows in the biosphere are to be eligible for credits during the 2008–2012 first commitment period, but these limits are base ...
Issue 04 – Dec 2016 - Wicked Weather Watch
... “We couldn’t believe it when we found out that we were the competition winners. We had all been set the challenge for homework and we decided to enter the competition as well. We have been following the Polar Ocean Challenge at school as part of our Adventures and Explorers topic so it was amazin ...
... “We couldn’t believe it when we found out that we were the competition winners. We had all been set the challenge for homework and we decided to enter the competition as well. We have been following the Polar Ocean Challenge at school as part of our Adventures and Explorers topic so it was amazin ...
Briefing for UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Negotiators
... The 2015 Lancet Commission argues that mitigating climate change and promoting public health are two sides of the same coin. It concludes that achieving a decarbonised global economy and securing the public health benefits it offers is no longer primarily a technical or economic question – it is now ...
... The 2015 Lancet Commission argues that mitigating climate change and promoting public health are two sides of the same coin. It concludes that achieving a decarbonised global economy and securing the public health benefits it offers is no longer primarily a technical or economic question – it is now ...
Students` guide
... long distances to ice that is far away. If sea ice continues to shrink, we may not survive. ...
... long distances to ice that is far away. If sea ice continues to shrink, we may not survive. ...
1k_Wielicki_ClimateChangeAccuracyRequirements
... Determining the Accuracy of Decadal Change Trends and Time to Detect Trends • A perfect climate observing system is limited in trend accuracy only by climate system natural variability (e.g. ENSO) (Leroy et al, 2008). • Degradation of accuracy of an actual climate observing system relative to a per ...
... Determining the Accuracy of Decadal Change Trends and Time to Detect Trends • A perfect climate observing system is limited in trend accuracy only by climate system natural variability (e.g. ENSO) (Leroy et al, 2008). • Degradation of accuracy of an actual climate observing system relative to a per ...
North African Coastal Cities Embrace a Climate
... different approach to decision- making—one that allows for adjustments, midcourse corrections, and strategies that are helpful under different climate scenarios. What’s risky is locking into one approach that would be optimal under only one set of circumstances. “Strategies can be revised over time ...
... different approach to decision- making—one that allows for adjustments, midcourse corrections, and strategies that are helpful under different climate scenarios. What’s risky is locking into one approach that would be optimal under only one set of circumstances. “Strategies can be revised over time ...
Climate Change Country Risk Assessment
... withstand impacts of natural disasters, such as earthquakes. Instead, Bhutan draws upon the codal provisions of Indian Standards. The Government of Bhutan made the relevant seismic codes mandatory in 1997. Bhutan Building Rules 2002 has a section on fire safety (7.8), and structural design of buildi ...
... withstand impacts of natural disasters, such as earthquakes. Instead, Bhutan draws upon the codal provisions of Indian Standards. The Government of Bhutan made the relevant seismic codes mandatory in 1997. Bhutan Building Rules 2002 has a section on fire safety (7.8), and structural design of buildi ...
Diploma Program: Integrated Community Based Adaptation, DRR
... Imbed impact into your adaptation project design with a powerful set of management tools. Log frames, detailed budgets, timelines, compelling fact sheets, M&E plans, outcomes and impact. These tools will communicate to donors and stakeholders exactly what you are trying to accomplish and can be used ...
... Imbed impact into your adaptation project design with a powerful set of management tools. Log frames, detailed budgets, timelines, compelling fact sheets, M&E plans, outcomes and impact. These tools will communicate to donors and stakeholders exactly what you are trying to accomplish and can be used ...
Dorsey.18.2.Jun_.07
... Council, the Sunoco-funded Pew Center on Global Climate Change, and the World Resources Institute—to increase CO2 over the next five years and provides them a tacit license to do nothing for ten more years thereafter! Few newspapers that announced the “CAP” have commented on this presumably minor de ...
... Council, the Sunoco-funded Pew Center on Global Climate Change, and the World Resources Institute—to increase CO2 over the next five years and provides them a tacit license to do nothing for ten more years thereafter! Few newspapers that announced the “CAP” have commented on this presumably minor de ...
587_7 - UW Atmospheric Sciences
... greater than longwave) It will radiate away more, eventually getting into energy balance ...
... greater than longwave) It will radiate away more, eventually getting into energy balance ...
Supplementary Material
... types of models that rigorously treat the global hydrological cycle and do not make assumption all suggest that water vapor concentrations will rise as warming occurs, and in an amount quite consistent with the early assumption that the relative humidity would remain constant (Ref. 11, Chapter 7). T ...
... types of models that rigorously treat the global hydrological cycle and do not make assumption all suggest that water vapor concentrations will rise as warming occurs, and in an amount quite consistent with the early assumption that the relative humidity would remain constant (Ref. 11, Chapter 7). T ...
summary - Wisconsin Sea Grant - University of Wisconsin–Madison
... Adapting Stormwater Management to Climate Change Ken Potter Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison ...
... Adapting Stormwater Management to Climate Change Ken Potter Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison ...
Climate Change and Climate Variability
... • IPCC TAR 2001: The Earth’s Climate system has demonstrably changed on both global and regional scales since the preindustrial era. The just-released IPCC-FAR(2007), confirms that Climate change is due to increase in concentration of GHGs. • Stern Review ( 2007) : ‘poorest countries and people will ...
... • IPCC TAR 2001: The Earth’s Climate system has demonstrably changed on both global and regional scales since the preindustrial era. The just-released IPCC-FAR(2007), confirms that Climate change is due to increase in concentration of GHGs. • Stern Review ( 2007) : ‘poorest countries and people will ...
Conservation Ecology: Uncertainty, Climate Change, and Adaptive
... migrate, establish, and become extinct at different rates. Climate change, therefore, will cause the dissolution of existing ecosystems and the formation of new ecosystems. Ecological collapses will probably eliminate some species entirely, and these species losses may cause the elimination of entir ...
... migrate, establish, and become extinct at different rates. Climate change, therefore, will cause the dissolution of existing ecosystems and the formation of new ecosystems. Ecological collapses will probably eliminate some species entirely, and these species losses may cause the elimination of entir ...
Climate Change Challenges and Opportunities for Small Islands
... Population exposed and pressure from human activities will increase significantly in the coming decades due to population growth, economic development, and urbanization ...
... Population exposed and pressure from human activities will increase significantly in the coming decades due to population growth, economic development, and urbanization ...
co2 booklet - Cairngorms National Park Authority
... Global warming and climate change is one of the greatest environmental, social and economic threats facing the planet. The burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas) to satisfy our unquenchable thirst for energy and power is one of the main source of emissions. Seldom a day passes without climate c ...
... Global warming and climate change is one of the greatest environmental, social and economic threats facing the planet. The burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas) to satisfy our unquenchable thirst for energy and power is one of the main source of emissions. Seldom a day passes without climate c ...
Southern California Regional Adaptation Efforts to Climate Change
... Climate change is having global impacts that are occurring in response to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities, as noted in the 5th assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These global changes are manifesting in varied environmental health and infrastructu ...
... Climate change is having global impacts that are occurring in response to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities, as noted in the 5th assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These global changes are manifesting in varied environmental health and infrastructu ...
Global Change Dynamic II
... albedo etc. • Changes to physical properties of landscapes can influence climate through radiative forcing and changing fluxes • Land cover affects surface albedo • Albedo different e.g. agricultural land from forest – forest usually lower than open land due to greater leaf area and multiple reflect ...
... albedo etc. • Changes to physical properties of landscapes can influence climate through radiative forcing and changing fluxes • Land cover affects surface albedo • Albedo different e.g. agricultural land from forest – forest usually lower than open land due to greater leaf area and multiple reflect ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.