Macro Policies For Climate Change: Free
... Widespread social awareness about the environment being endangered by pollution, produced by human activities, started in the sixties. This was mainly due to scientific discoveries about the occurrence of this phenomenon and its magnitude, affecting various natural habitats of animal and plants, all ...
... Widespread social awareness about the environment being endangered by pollution, produced by human activities, started in the sixties. This was mainly due to scientific discoveries about the occurrence of this phenomenon and its magnitude, affecting various natural habitats of animal and plants, all ...
An Uncertain Future: law enforcement, national security and climate
... the non-traditional threats to security arising from various social, environmental and political factors that do not necessarily fall under conventional notions of defence. ...
... the non-traditional threats to security arising from various social, environmental and political factors that do not necessarily fall under conventional notions of defence. ...
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN NEW ZEALAND: A CROSS
... The key changes in Step 1 above were the climate projections from NIWA, demographics, social variables, and wildcard variables. In summary, for the social scenarios we assumed an overall growth in the New Zealand population up to over five million people by the 2080s with larger Maori, Pacific Islan ...
... The key changes in Step 1 above were the climate projections from NIWA, demographics, social variables, and wildcard variables. In summary, for the social scenarios we assumed an overall growth in the New Zealand population up to over five million people by the 2080s with larger Maori, Pacific Islan ...
Global/Regional/Local-Scale Climate Change - A Reality Check
... temporal distribution of this solar forcing. 3. The diabatic heating pattern that results is a major control on the weather at all time periods. ...
... temporal distribution of this solar forcing. 3. The diabatic heating pattern that results is a major control on the weather at all time periods. ...
Sensitivity of tree growth to the atmospheric vertical profile in the
... demographic, and ecosystem processes (Bonan 2002). Together, these processes determine where plant species grow, how well they grow, and how their arrangement within the communities’ changes over time (Bonan 2002). In this context, any changes in the state of weather and climate will affect terrestr ...
... demographic, and ecosystem processes (Bonan 2002). Together, these processes determine where plant species grow, how well they grow, and how their arrangement within the communities’ changes over time (Bonan 2002). In this context, any changes in the state of weather and climate will affect terrestr ...
IPCC Factsheet: What is the IPCC?
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the international body for assessing the science related to climate change. The IPCC was set up in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide policymakers with regular assessme ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the international body for assessing the science related to climate change. The IPCC was set up in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to provide policymakers with regular assessme ...
Physical and economic consequences of climate change in Europe
... provide US$ 100 billion per year to address the needs of developing countries, including funding for adaptation. Indeed, even ambitious mitigation policies [e.g., the 2 °C target proposed by the European Union (EU) and endorsed by the G8 (2, 3)] will need to be complemented by adaptation strategies ...
... provide US$ 100 billion per year to address the needs of developing countries, including funding for adaptation. Indeed, even ambitious mitigation policies [e.g., the 2 °C target proposed by the European Union (EU) and endorsed by the G8 (2, 3)] will need to be complemented by adaptation strategies ...
Slide 1
... Early win / certainty – no technological innovation required Safety benefits – 60mph limit would halve deaths on motorways Cost effectiveness – immediate carbon savings are cheaper = net benefit to society Equity – reduce the differential between the fast and the slow, the rich and the poor ...
... Early win / certainty – no technological innovation required Safety benefits – 60mph limit would halve deaths on motorways Cost effectiveness – immediate carbon savings are cheaper = net benefit to society Equity – reduce the differential between the fast and the slow, the rich and the poor ...
Projecting Climate Change in Hawaii
... detail, some significant problems in the mean rainfall simulation are apparent, particularly on Maui and O‘ahu, the islands with the steepest topographic slopes. For Maui we can see the improvement when the model grid spacing is reduced to 1 km. Figure 5 compares the 1990–2009 mean rainfall over Mau ...
... detail, some significant problems in the mean rainfall simulation are apparent, particularly on Maui and O‘ahu, the islands with the steepest topographic slopes. For Maui we can see the improvement when the model grid spacing is reduced to 1 km. Figure 5 compares the 1990–2009 mean rainfall over Mau ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND VECTOR BORNE DISEASES
... METHANE, CLOROFLURO CARBON (CFC) and NITROUS OXIDE, AND TOGETHER CREATE A NATURAL GREENHOUSE EFFECT. However, Human activities are causing Greenhouse Gas levels in the atmosphere to increase and thus Causing in GLOBAL TEMPERATURE. This increase in mean Global Temperature is called GLOBAL WARMING. ...
... METHANE, CLOROFLURO CARBON (CFC) and NITROUS OXIDE, AND TOGETHER CREATE A NATURAL GREENHOUSE EFFECT. However, Human activities are causing Greenhouse Gas levels in the atmosphere to increase and thus Causing in GLOBAL TEMPERATURE. This increase in mean Global Temperature is called GLOBAL WARMING. ...
Discounting and climate change - a non-marginal policy choice
... For projects large enough to have non-marginal effects on future per capita consumption, figure 2 attempts to present the issues intuitively, introducing concepts from climate-change policy. It plots three paths for the future growth of global utility per capita. Path u(cbt) represents global utilit ...
... For projects large enough to have non-marginal effects on future per capita consumption, figure 2 attempts to present the issues intuitively, introducing concepts from climate-change policy. It plots three paths for the future growth of global utility per capita. Path u(cbt) represents global utilit ...
- carbonn Climate Registry
... recorded history, a trend that is projected to cause extensive damage to forests, marine ecosystems, biodiversity and agriculture. The change in weather patterns that Nelson Mandela Bay has experienced the last couple of years, evident in the increase in floods and number of coastal storm events, co ...
... recorded history, a trend that is projected to cause extensive damage to forests, marine ecosystems, biodiversity and agriculture. The change in weather patterns that Nelson Mandela Bay has experienced the last couple of years, evident in the increase in floods and number of coastal storm events, co ...
Read the complete document. - The Carbon Sense Coalition
... fuel is the main cause for the earth’s current (the last ~150 years) GW. 2. IPCC considers the following GH gases – carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, CFC, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. 3. IPCC does not consider water vapor to be a GH gas, but the NIPCC report d ...
... fuel is the main cause for the earth’s current (the last ~150 years) GW. 2. IPCC considers the following GH gases – carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, CFC, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. 3. IPCC does not consider water vapor to be a GH gas, but the NIPCC report d ...
PDF
... emissions to levels considered ‘safe’ is considerable, as it involves fundamental changes in many parts of the world’s energy systems, selected industries, and consumption of some goods. Significant options to reduce emissions exist, but will need policy action to be realised. Some policies have bee ...
... emissions to levels considered ‘safe’ is considerable, as it involves fundamental changes in many parts of the world’s energy systems, selected industries, and consumption of some goods. Significant options to reduce emissions exist, but will need policy action to be realised. Some policies have bee ...
Climate change as the `new` security threat: implications for Africa
... fisheries depletion, and even ozone depletion.1 When the research community began to uncover worrying evidence of human-induced climate change in the 1970s and 1980s, the emerging problem of ‘global warming’ was seen by policymakers, when it was not ignored altogether, as an environmental issue of pe ...
... fisheries depletion, and even ozone depletion.1 When the research community began to uncover worrying evidence of human-induced climate change in the 1970s and 1980s, the emerging problem of ‘global warming’ was seen by policymakers, when it was not ignored altogether, as an environmental issue of pe ...
Contribution of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... from the oceans also being important. Total annual methane emissions from natural sources are estimated to be around 250 million metric tons. Emissions resulting from human activities constitute about 60 percent of all annual methane emission and are believed to exceed those from natural sources. An ...
... from the oceans also being important. Total annual methane emissions from natural sources are estimated to be around 250 million metric tons. Emissions resulting from human activities constitute about 60 percent of all annual methane emission and are believed to exceed those from natural sources. An ...
On Assessing the Relative Roles of Initial and Boundary Conditions
... these we denote GSO1-4. Hence in September 1974, GS1 and GSO1 have exactly the same initial conditions in both the atmosphere and ocean, but have slight changes in radiative forcing which can be thought of as a small perturbation to the atmospheric initial state (as do GS2 and GSO2 etc.). Global mea ...
... these we denote GSO1-4. Hence in September 1974, GS1 and GSO1 have exactly the same initial conditions in both the atmosphere and ocean, but have slight changes in radiative forcing which can be thought of as a small perturbation to the atmospheric initial state (as do GS2 and GSO2 etc.). Global mea ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Emissions Trading in North America
... The projected temperature increase, depending on whose study you look at, will be about 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit by the year 2100 - the range of figures being from 1.8 to 6.3 degrees. 19 Sea level rise is projected to rise between 6 to 38 inches, with the consensus being about 20 inches. 20 Serious fl ...
... The projected temperature increase, depending on whose study you look at, will be about 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit by the year 2100 - the range of figures being from 1.8 to 6.3 degrees. 19 Sea level rise is projected to rise between 6 to 38 inches, with the consensus being about 20 inches. 20 Serious fl ...
PDF
... Finally, Jing Cao (2010) presents the perspective of China, the most important of the emerging economies, by examining an approach which seeks to reconcile fairness, economic development imperatives, and sensible climate policy actions. She takes as her starting point the Copenhagen Accord, the majo ...
... Finally, Jing Cao (2010) presents the perspective of China, the most important of the emerging economies, by examining an approach which seeks to reconcile fairness, economic development imperatives, and sensible climate policy actions. She takes as her starting point the Copenhagen Accord, the majo ...
climate risks: impact on natural hazards insurance between now and
... to be hoped this will be the true starting point for the journey towards a “low carbon” world, one in which the long-term rise in temperatures has been controlled and, if possible, limited to 2°C, compared to the pre-industrial period. This is indispensable if we want today’s young people and future ...
... to be hoped this will be the true starting point for the journey towards a “low carbon” world, one in which the long-term rise in temperatures has been controlled and, if possible, limited to 2°C, compared to the pre-industrial period. This is indispensable if we want today’s young people and future ...
Climate change, food, water and population health in China
... Mean near-surface air temperatures across China rose by 0.5–0.8 °C during the 20th century and there is evidence that this process is accelerating.1 Over the last 50 years, in eastern China, the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events have increased and it has been suggested that anthropogeni ...
... Mean near-surface air temperatures across China rose by 0.5–0.8 °C during the 20th century and there is evidence that this process is accelerating.1 Over the last 50 years, in eastern China, the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events have increased and it has been suggested that anthropogeni ...
Climate Change and Health
... threat and a major opportunity for planetary health and health equity. This document is the first in a series of three Position Statements by the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) on climate change and health. It addresses the health impacts of climate change relevant to the RACP’s wor ...
... threat and a major opportunity for planetary health and health equity. This document is the first in a series of three Position Statements by the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) on climate change and health. It addresses the health impacts of climate change relevant to the RACP’s wor ...
SMC MS Guide - Science.indd - San Mateo County Office of Education
... investigating the recent trends in CO2, students will be playing the role of a scientist trying to interpret the condition of Earth’s atmosphere. Students will then use their understanding of how the atmosphere works, in light of these trends, to determine whether or not humans should be concerned o ...
... investigating the recent trends in CO2, students will be playing the role of a scientist trying to interpret the condition of Earth’s atmosphere. Students will then use their understanding of how the atmosphere works, in light of these trends, to determine whether or not humans should be concerned o ...
Vote 30: Environmental Affairs 2014/15 Budget
... This resulted in the reduction in budget of more than R6 million (nominal) and R19 million (real Rand), respectively. • How would South Africa’s fair contribution to the global effort to stabilise greenhouse gas (GHG) in the atmosphere be achieved in the face of reduced spending focus on the Clima ...
... This resulted in the reduction in budget of more than R6 million (nominal) and R19 million (real Rand), respectively. • How would South Africa’s fair contribution to the global effort to stabilise greenhouse gas (GHG) in the atmosphere be achieved in the face of reduced spending focus on the Clima ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.