biodegradable materials influencing climate change
... change” [2]. Over the last decade, the EPA, along with many other environmental organizations, have enforced recycling laws and practices to help reduce pollution. Although recycling reduces the need for the use of energy to produce new products from raw materials, I believe that non-recyclable mate ...
... change” [2]. Over the last decade, the EPA, along with many other environmental organizations, have enforced recycling laws and practices to help reduce pollution. Although recycling reduces the need for the use of energy to produce new products from raw materials, I believe that non-recyclable mate ...
W How to Take A R T I C L E S
... and global sea level has risen in a manner consistent with ocean expansion due to warming, as well as the global melting of alpine glaciers. The warming atmosphere is now holding more water vapor, sea ice retreat in the Arctic has been unprecedented, and even the large polar ice sheets are now losin ...
... and global sea level has risen in a manner consistent with ocean expansion due to warming, as well as the global melting of alpine glaciers. The warming atmosphere is now holding more water vapor, sea ice retreat in the Arctic has been unprecedented, and even the large polar ice sheets are now losin ...
Background Report on ICTs and Climate Change
... The Kyoto and London events led to the establishment of an ITU-T Focus Group on ICTs & Climate Change by TSAG in July 2008. The Focus Group analyzed and identified gaps in the areas of definitions and developed agreed methodologies and appropriate tools to measure the impact of ICTs on climate chang ...
... The Kyoto and London events led to the establishment of an ITU-T Focus Group on ICTs & Climate Change by TSAG in July 2008. The Focus Group analyzed and identified gaps in the areas of definitions and developed agreed methodologies and appropriate tools to measure the impact of ICTs on climate chang ...
Exploring the relationship between climate change and rice yield in
... for all of the data are presented in Table 1. This table also illustrates the fundamental climatic characteristics during three rice growing seasons in Bangladesh. The mean value for the Boro rice yield is the highest and more than twice as high as that of the Aus rice. The highest mean maximum and ...
... for all of the data are presented in Table 1. This table also illustrates the fundamental climatic characteristics during three rice growing seasons in Bangladesh. The mean value for the Boro rice yield is the highest and more than twice as high as that of the Aus rice. The highest mean maximum and ...
How will Climate Change Affect the Water Cycle?
... Although only two studies have assessed the implications of 21st century climate change for Puget Sound glaciers, both indicate that continued recession is likely. One study found that only two of the 1 ...
... Although only two studies have assessed the implications of 21st century climate change for Puget Sound glaciers, both indicate that continued recession is likely. One study found that only two of the 1 ...
Climate regulation in New Zealand: contribution of natural and
... greenhouse gases that could otherwise lead to undesirable changes in global climate. Quantifying this service requires accounting for both stocks and flows. While greenhouse gas emissions and removals are reported in the national inventory, this inventory accounts only for human-induced changes in g ...
... greenhouse gases that could otherwise lead to undesirable changes in global climate. Quantifying this service requires accounting for both stocks and flows. While greenhouse gas emissions and removals are reported in the national inventory, this inventory accounts only for human-induced changes in g ...
February 26, 2014 Ms. Mabel Echols Office of Information and
... To facilitate accounting for the costs of climate impacts and the benefits of reducing carbon pollution in regulatory proceedings undertaken by different agencies, the United States government assembled the IWG in 2010 to develop an estimate of a social cost of carbon that can be utilized in rulemak ...
... To facilitate accounting for the costs of climate impacts and the benefits of reducing carbon pollution in regulatory proceedings undertaken by different agencies, the United States government assembled the IWG in 2010 to develop an estimate of a social cost of carbon that can be utilized in rulemak ...
Introduction - Carbon Mitigation Initiative
... significantly decreased over the last 35 years. • State-of-the-art ecosystem models of CO2 fertilization are false for this region. • When added to observed down-regulation and evidence from new global carbon budgets, this result provides additional cause for skepticism about the predicted future be ...
... significantly decreased over the last 35 years. • State-of-the-art ecosystem models of CO2 fertilization are false for this region. • When added to observed down-regulation and evidence from new global carbon budgets, this result provides additional cause for skepticism about the predicted future be ...
Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent
... of the tundra biome1 . Remote-sensing data indicate that contemporary climate warming has already resulted in increased productivity over much of the Arctic2,3 , but plot-based evidence for vegetation transformation is not widespread. We analysed change in tundra vegetation surveyed between 1980 and ...
... of the tundra biome1 . Remote-sensing data indicate that contemporary climate warming has already resulted in increased productivity over much of the Arctic2,3 , but plot-based evidence for vegetation transformation is not widespread. We analysed change in tundra vegetation surveyed between 1980 and ...
Georgia`s Climate Variability vs Climate Change
... Continuing infrastructure development, especially in vulnerable zones, will likely lead to continuing increases in economic damage from extreme weather ...
... Continuing infrastructure development, especially in vulnerable zones, will likely lead to continuing increases in economic damage from extreme weather ...
The Impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming and Climate
... Farm animals are significant contributors to the production of all three major GHGs17 and, as their numbers grow, so do their emissions. As the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) notes, “GHG emissions from livestock are inherently tied to livestock population sizes because the livestock are eithe ...
... Farm animals are significant contributors to the production of all three major GHGs17 and, as their numbers grow, so do their emissions. As the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) notes, “GHG emissions from livestock are inherently tied to livestock population sizes because the livestock are eithe ...
THE IMPORTANCE OF CLIMATE AND WEATHER FOR TOURISM
... There has been a long interest in the relationship between weather, climate and recreational activities, in particular outdoor activities such as skiing, swimming, golfing and the visitation of parks. As early as the 1970s, the Atmospheric Environment Service in Canada produced tourism and outdoor r ...
... There has been a long interest in the relationship between weather, climate and recreational activities, in particular outdoor activities such as skiing, swimming, golfing and the visitation of parks. As early as the 1970s, the Atmospheric Environment Service in Canada produced tourism and outdoor r ...
The Community Climate System Model
... The initial version of the CCSM included atmosphere and ocean general circulation models, a land surface model that was grafted onto the atmosphere model, a sea-ice model, and a “flux coupler” that facilitates information exchanges among the component models with their differing grids. This version ...
... The initial version of the CCSM included atmosphere and ocean general circulation models, a land surface model that was grafted onto the atmosphere model, a sea-ice model, and a “flux coupler” that facilitates information exchanges among the component models with their differing grids. This version ...
Song of the prophets: a global theology of climate
... and the promotion of sustainable development. It is very evident, in countries like this one, that climate change is not an abstract issue, but a present concern for people in every part of the community. These experiences and testimonies confirm that climate change is real and that its impact is ex ...
... and the promotion of sustainable development. It is very evident, in countries like this one, that climate change is not an abstract issue, but a present concern for people in every part of the community. These experiences and testimonies confirm that climate change is real and that its impact is ex ...
document Lee Presentation
... - by the WMO and UNEP, endorsed by UN General Assembly - to prepare assessments on all aspects of climate change and its impacts, with a view of formulating realistic response strategies ...
... - by the WMO and UNEP, endorsed by UN General Assembly - to prepare assessments on all aspects of climate change and its impacts, with a view of formulating realistic response strategies ...
Climate Induced Migration - The International Journal of Climate
... represents a rapidly growing phenomenon which has profound implications for future policy and migration research. Movement of people as a result of natural disasters is not a new phenomenon. The summer heat of 1845 and 1846 in Ireland, which stimulated a fungus infection that destroyed the potato cr ...
... represents a rapidly growing phenomenon which has profound implications for future policy and migration research. Movement of people as a result of natural disasters is not a new phenomenon. The summer heat of 1845 and 1846 in Ireland, which stimulated a fungus infection that destroyed the potato cr ...
PDF
... of optimal climate policies, as policies that price carbon according to the SCC will give the correct economic incentive for reducing current emissions. The SCC can be computed using large‐scale computational Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) that obtain this value by optimizing current ...
... of optimal climate policies, as policies that price carbon according to the SCC will give the correct economic incentive for reducing current emissions. The SCC can be computed using large‐scale computational Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) that obtain this value by optimizing current ...
Changes in Water Use Under Regional Climate Change Scenarios
... projection data for those variables are relatively less available and require more assumptions to derive than basic measures of temperature and precipitation. Systematic seasonal patterns of demand associated with climate are typically highly correlated with air temperatures and agronomic measures o ...
... projection data for those variables are relatively less available and require more assumptions to derive than basic measures of temperature and precipitation. Systematic seasonal patterns of demand associated with climate are typically highly correlated with air temperatures and agronomic measures o ...
Decadal variations
... 94-95 earthshine data agreement Positive/negative phases are similar Scrambling the data in mock reconstructions time/space support the trend ...
... 94-95 earthshine data agreement Positive/negative phases are similar Scrambling the data in mock reconstructions time/space support the trend ...
Text S1: Models, Climate Change Scenario Linkages, and
... second major difference is that the latter does not include streamflow data for the Blue Nile upstream of the Border gauging station, since data from the Ethiopian catchment were previously unavailable. Finally, the Nile-DST uses 10-day flows, whereas this research uses a monthly time step. This cho ...
... second major difference is that the latter does not include streamflow data for the Blue Nile upstream of the Border gauging station, since data from the Ethiopian catchment were previously unavailable. Finally, the Nile-DST uses 10-day flows, whereas this research uses a monthly time step. This cho ...
Presentation from Professor Bill McGuire
... • Main target to keep levels below that which will trigger 2° C rise • Dangerous climate change • May be as low as 450 ppm • At current rates will reach this within 25 y • Taking into account other GHGs may be within 7 y The information contained in this document is strictly proprietary and confiden ...
... • Main target to keep levels below that which will trigger 2° C rise • Dangerous climate change • May be as low as 450 ppm • At current rates will reach this within 25 y • Taking into account other GHGs may be within 7 y The information contained in this document is strictly proprietary and confiden ...
The Kyoto Protocol: A Review and Perspectives
... for helpful comments. Regarding any remaining inadequacies, the usual caveat applies. ...
... for helpful comments. Regarding any remaining inadequacies, the usual caveat applies. ...
Climate change research and policy in Portugal
... standards and fiscal instruments, and also to promote research. At that time adaptation was marginalized as a public policy issue because of an optimistic view that mitigation would be much more effective than it actually turned out to be at the global level. Presently, the EU fully recognizes the n ...
... standards and fiscal instruments, and also to promote research. At that time adaptation was marginalized as a public policy issue because of an optimistic view that mitigation would be much more effective than it actually turned out to be at the global level. Presently, the EU fully recognizes the n ...
Climate change impacts on New Zealand
... introduction Much of our nation’s wealth and attraction is based on environmental and physical resources, including its climate. This report examines the likely impacts of global warming and climate change on New Zealand. It does not discuss options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, it i ...
... introduction Much of our nation’s wealth and attraction is based on environmental and physical resources, including its climate. This report examines the likely impacts of global warming and climate change on New Zealand. It does not discuss options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, it i ...
the results of the scientific congress
... society and economy have developed and thrived. These indicators include global mean surface temperature, sea-level rise, global ocean temperature, Arctic sea ice extent, ocean acidification, and extreme climatic events. With unabated emissions, many trends in climate will likely accelerate, leading ...
... society and economy have developed and thrived. These indicators include global mean surface temperature, sea-level rise, global ocean temperature, Arctic sea ice extent, ocean acidification, and extreme climatic events. With unabated emissions, many trends in climate will likely accelerate, leading ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.