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... releases of water means that the annual variability of inflows of water available for irrigation is less than the variability of natural inflows. The status of the river in each catchment and state of nature is measured by a flow variable and Q water quality variables. The (Q+1)× K×S vector of statu ...
... releases of water means that the annual variability of inflows of water available for irrigation is less than the variability of natural inflows. The status of the river in each catchment and state of nature is measured by a flow variable and Q water quality variables. The (Q+1)× K×S vector of statu ...
D3.3 Annex 1 review pest risk mapping best practice
... background (Chytrý et al. 2008b). These findings provided a solid background for mapping the level of plant invasion, based on the projection of the habitat-specific levels of invasion onto land-cover maps. More than 50,000 vegetation plots were classified in EUNIS habitat categories and used to qua ...
... background (Chytrý et al. 2008b). These findings provided a solid background for mapping the level of plant invasion, based on the projection of the habitat-specific levels of invasion onto land-cover maps. More than 50,000 vegetation plots were classified in EUNIS habitat categories and used to qua ...
Climate change effects on above- and below
... included in all the analyses nested within climate change, and as a random factor to control for the potential effect of the location. LMMs were used for variables fitting a Gaussian distribution. GLMMs were used for variables fitting binomial distribution (with logit as link function) and Poisson d ...
... included in all the analyses nested within climate change, and as a random factor to control for the potential effect of the location. LMMs were used for variables fitting a Gaussian distribution. GLMMs were used for variables fitting binomial distribution (with logit as link function) and Poisson d ...
DDW11 Warming - Open Evidence Archive
... 7/7/2007 (“Models trump measurements”, http://www.financialpost.com/story.html?id=433b593b-6637-4a42-970bbdef8947fa4e) "This is nonsense," says Tom V. Segalstad, head of the Geological Museum at the University of Oslo and formerly an expert reviewer with the same IPCC. He laments the paucity of geol ...
... 7/7/2007 (“Models trump measurements”, http://www.financialpost.com/story.html?id=433b593b-6637-4a42-970bbdef8947fa4e) "This is nonsense," says Tom V. Segalstad, head of the Geological Museum at the University of Oslo and formerly an expert reviewer with the same IPCC. He laments the paucity of geol ...
Human Development Report 2007/2008 Climate Change and the
... national average trends, and greatest increases seen in the northern reaches of the Tibetan Plateau. 27 At the same time, rainfall over Western China could increase by 5-25% by 2050 relative to 1961-1990 levels according to the study. Recent research by the National Development and Reform Commission ...
... national average trends, and greatest increases seen in the northern reaches of the Tibetan Plateau. 27 At the same time, rainfall over Western China could increase by 5-25% by 2050 relative to 1961-1990 levels according to the study. Recent research by the National Development and Reform Commission ...
T H SHO N Old Retired Person
... “Why are we getting blamed for climate change? If people stop flying we’ll go out of business”. GET INVOLVED! ...
... “Why are we getting blamed for climate change? If people stop flying we’ll go out of business”. GET INVOLVED! ...
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... and estimates the investments that would offset the negative consequences for human well-being. This analysis brings together, for the first time, detailed modeling of crop growth under climate change with insights from an extremely detailed global ...
... and estimates the investments that would offset the negative consequences for human well-being. This analysis brings together, for the first time, detailed modeling of crop growth under climate change with insights from an extremely detailed global ...
Linking Population, Fertility and Family Planning with
... resilience to climate change impacts. The study was carried out in 2008-2009 in peri-urban and rural areas of two regions in Ethiopia: the Oromia region and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s (SNNP) region. This study in Ethiopia is one of the first to include first-hand linkages of po ...
... resilience to climate change impacts. The study was carried out in 2008-2009 in peri-urban and rural areas of two regions in Ethiopia: the Oromia region and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s (SNNP) region. This study in Ethiopia is one of the first to include first-hand linkages of po ...
This background paper focuses specifically on the relationships
... life of the poor more than it does for the better off. In other words, the welfare ‘floor’ should drop, increasing the gaps between have and have-nots in any particular society. This relationship theoretically applies to all spatial scales. Moreover, the IPCC (2014b) asserts that the negative effect ...
... life of the poor more than it does for the better off. In other words, the welfare ‘floor’ should drop, increasing the gaps between have and have-nots in any particular society. This relationship theoretically applies to all spatial scales. Moreover, the IPCC (2014b) asserts that the negative effect ...
Weathering the Storm: the impact of climate change
... London’s status as a global city makes its economy increasingly vulnerable to climate change. Not only do we face higher risk of flooding, drought and heatwave events at home, but our city’s interdependence with economies elsewhere in the world means we 'import' risk through the financial services s ...
... London’s status as a global city makes its economy increasingly vulnerable to climate change. Not only do we face higher risk of flooding, drought and heatwave events at home, but our city’s interdependence with economies elsewhere in the world means we 'import' risk through the financial services s ...
Vermont`s Wildlife Action Plan
... habitats might be affected by climate change, which are most vulnerable, and how to best manage for the future. There are few clear or simple answers. Identifying vulnerable species and habitats requires teasing out myriad factors that climate change could influence, such as changes in precipitation ...
... habitats might be affected by climate change, which are most vulnerable, and how to best manage for the future. There are few clear or simple answers. Identifying vulnerable species and habitats requires teasing out myriad factors that climate change could influence, such as changes in precipitation ...
- University of East Anglia
... or not they (will) have influential effects – the weighty issues that we engage with in this special issue. International scholars have mostly contributed to these debates by exploring ways to exploit cracks that have appeared in the international regime (Keohane and Victor, 2011). Others have found ...
... or not they (will) have influential effects – the weighty issues that we engage with in this special issue. International scholars have mostly contributed to these debates by exploring ways to exploit cracks that have appeared in the international regime (Keohane and Victor, 2011). Others have found ...
The science of climate change in Africa: impacts and
... Figure 5. The alternation of La Niña (blue) and El Niño (red) events. (The Multivariate ENSO Index is based on six variables measured across the Pacific).13 La Niña is an extreme version of the ‘normal’ condition with very cold water, strong high pressure and very dry conditions in the eastern Pacif ...
... Figure 5. The alternation of La Niña (blue) and El Niño (red) events. (The Multivariate ENSO Index is based on six variables measured across the Pacific).13 La Niña is an extreme version of the ‘normal’ condition with very cold water, strong high pressure and very dry conditions in the eastern Pacif ...
A Mathematical Analysis of Heat Transfer in an Earth
... Scientists then began using models not to predict a static climate but instead to anticipate how changes in an initial condition, such as the amount of radiation the planet receives, would change climate components, such as global temperature. In 1967, Manabe and Richard Wetherald created a one-dime ...
... Scientists then began using models not to predict a static climate but instead to anticipate how changes in an initial condition, such as the amount of radiation the planet receives, would change climate components, such as global temperature. In 1967, Manabe and Richard Wetherald created a one-dime ...
Climate Narratives: What is Modern about Traditional Ecological
... range of experience of traditional groups? Traditional knowledge should be seen as a process, rather than a static body of knowledge. Traditional ways of knowing, that is, observing, understanding and making sense of environmental change, is what makes traditional knowledge holders such good observe ...
... range of experience of traditional groups? Traditional knowledge should be seen as a process, rather than a static body of knowledge. Traditional ways of knowing, that is, observing, understanding and making sense of environmental change, is what makes traditional knowledge holders such good observe ...
Hadley Cell (HC) Circulation response to Climate
... this result is not persistent in all the Atmospheric-Ocean models. It is difficult to consider if the changes that already happened in the past to this circulation are due to climate change or a natural fluctuation of the circulation, the same as the results obtained by numerical models for climate ...
... this result is not persistent in all the Atmospheric-Ocean models. It is difficult to consider if the changes that already happened in the past to this circulation are due to climate change or a natural fluctuation of the circulation, the same as the results obtained by numerical models for climate ...
Assessment of impacts of climate change on rice and wheat in the
... Centre, United Kingdom. PRECIS has high resolution of 50 km and can be applied to any area of the globe to generate detailed climate change scenarios. PRECIS provides a daily weather data for thirty years period of 2071-2100 with 1960-1990 as the baseline. Among these, two different socio-economic s ...
... Centre, United Kingdom. PRECIS has high resolution of 50 km and can be applied to any area of the globe to generate detailed climate change scenarios. PRECIS provides a daily weather data for thirty years period of 2071-2100 with 1960-1990 as the baseline. Among these, two different socio-economic s ...
Lesson: Concerning Climate- Weather Matters
... 4. How is climate change affecting our water? The average sea level is rising and is expected to rise seven to twenty three inches before the end of this century. Out of the Earth’s 1,100 glaciers, all but 100 of them are receding (more ice melts in the summer than what re-forms the following winter ...
... 4. How is climate change affecting our water? The average sea level is rising and is expected to rise seven to twenty three inches before the end of this century. Out of the Earth’s 1,100 glaciers, all but 100 of them are receding (more ice melts in the summer than what re-forms the following winter ...
Motivated Rejection of Science
... An exploratory model that estimated correlations among all 5 latent variables fit well, χ2 (78) = 261.0, p < .0001, CFI= .997, RMSEA= .045 (90% CI: .039 – .051), with the pairwise correlations between the latent variables given in Table 1. Manifest variables and latent variable names are provided in ...
... An exploratory model that estimated correlations among all 5 latent variables fit well, χ2 (78) = 261.0, p < .0001, CFI= .997, RMSEA= .045 (90% CI: .039 – .051), with the pairwise correlations between the latent variables given in Table 1. Manifest variables and latent variable names are provided in ...
Beyond Divestment: Taking Decisive Action on Climate Change
... Major efforts are underway globally in the investment and banking sectors to raise awareness of climate-related risk, and to develop standardized methodologies and metrics for assessing such risk so that investment managers can make betterinformed decisions.8 The Financial Stability Board (FSB), whi ...
... Major efforts are underway globally in the investment and banking sectors to raise awareness of climate-related risk, and to develop standardized methodologies and metrics for assessing such risk so that investment managers can make betterinformed decisions.8 The Financial Stability Board (FSB), whi ...
Long-Term Climate Trends and Extreme Events in Northern
... more hot summer days and heavier precipitation events or more severe drought, in different parts of the world [9,15,16]. Recent papers have discussed influences of changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and in thermodynamic aspects, such as sea level, sea surface temperature and atmospheric moi ...
... more hot summer days and heavier precipitation events or more severe drought, in different parts of the world [9,15,16]. Recent papers have discussed influences of changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and in thermodynamic aspects, such as sea level, sea surface temperature and atmospheric moi ...
Parliament of Victoria
... in the journal Nature this year, for their very helpful explanation of their research. My colleagues in the DPS Parliamentary Library Research Service also deserve thanks for their contribution: Bella Lesman, Rachel Macreadie and Claire Higgins have each helped by their careful proof reading and com ...
... in the journal Nature this year, for their very helpful explanation of their research. My colleagues in the DPS Parliamentary Library Research Service also deserve thanks for their contribution: Bella Lesman, Rachel Macreadie and Claire Higgins have each helped by their careful proof reading and com ...
Kyoto Protocol: an introduction
... African Group identifies intellectual property rights as a major barrier and that state adaptation does not attract private sector investment. Pakistan stress compulsory licensing. AOSIS underscore early warning technologies. Financing: Financing global efforts to tackle climate change has recently ...
... African Group identifies intellectual property rights as a major barrier and that state adaptation does not attract private sector investment. Pakistan stress compulsory licensing. AOSIS underscore early warning technologies. Financing: Financing global efforts to tackle climate change has recently ...
climate change climate change - Toronto District School Board
... Climate change is a serious problem that knows no boundaries; it is best understood through thinking in terms of large interacting systems. The long-term unpredictable impacts of climate change on ecozones and the people who are part of them is a cause for global concern; it requires a global commit ...
... Climate change is a serious problem that knows no boundaries; it is best understood through thinking in terms of large interacting systems. The long-term unpredictable impacts of climate change on ecozones and the people who are part of them is a cause for global concern; it requires a global commit ...
Living in an Uncertain World
... strongly argues for mitigation rather than adaptation (reinforcing and adding to other arguments, i.e. ethical ones). 2. To limit global warming to 2C – in fact, to keep global warming below 5C – we must cut emissions markedly and eventually cease emissions. - We have to do this anyway as we do not ...
... strongly argues for mitigation rather than adaptation (reinforcing and adding to other arguments, i.e. ethical ones). 2. To limit global warming to 2C – in fact, to keep global warming below 5C – we must cut emissions markedly and eventually cease emissions. - We have to do this anyway as we do not ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.