English
... Social protection plays an important role in addressing some of the challenges arising from climate change within the larger, multi‐sectoral adaptation effort. If designed and executed well, SP interventions offer versatile coping mechanisms for climate shocks and natural disasters. In ...
... Social protection plays an important role in addressing some of the challenges arising from climate change within the larger, multi‐sectoral adaptation effort. If designed and executed well, SP interventions offer versatile coping mechanisms for climate shocks and natural disasters. In ...
Planning for Climate Change in the West
... affect precipitation and wind patterns. The scientific consensus is now clear that the climate is changing, based on long-term observations of global indicators that demonstrate increasing temperatures across the planet. An improving understanding of the processes that drive the climate system ...
... affect precipitation and wind patterns. The scientific consensus is now clear that the climate is changing, based on long-term observations of global indicators that demonstrate increasing temperatures across the planet. An improving understanding of the processes that drive the climate system ...
PDF
... have in general positive effects on agricultural systems, the disadvantages for agriculture caused by global warming may predominate in Southern European areas (Olesen and Bindi, 2002). In both cases, however, adaptation to CC will be the key factor that shapes the severity of the impacts of global ...
... have in general positive effects on agricultural systems, the disadvantages for agriculture caused by global warming may predominate in Southern European areas (Olesen and Bindi, 2002). In both cases, however, adaptation to CC will be the key factor that shapes the severity of the impacts of global ...
medieval warm period in south america
... were as warm then as they are currently, there is no need to consider the temperature increase of the past century as anything other than the natural progression of the persistent millennialscale oscillation of climate that regularly brings the earth several-hundred-year periods of modestly higher a ...
... were as warm then as they are currently, there is no need to consider the temperature increase of the past century as anything other than the natural progression of the persistent millennialscale oscillation of climate that regularly brings the earth several-hundred-year periods of modestly higher a ...
Recent Trends in Temperature and Precipitation in Al Jabal Al
... Available gridded datasets for Saudi Arabia also accurately represent the very dry (40-80 mm) area over the Rub Al Khali, and the dry (80150 mm) area over the middle to north of Saudi Arabia, and the wettest (>150 mm) region in the southwest of the AP [20]. For the Sultanate of Oman in the south-eas ...
... Available gridded datasets for Saudi Arabia also accurately represent the very dry (40-80 mm) area over the Rub Al Khali, and the dry (80150 mm) area over the middle to north of Saudi Arabia, and the wettest (>150 mm) region in the southwest of the AP [20]. For the Sultanate of Oman in the south-eas ...
Document
... – CCRF: 2 year; standard for integrating material climate change information into mainstream fillings; principles and criteria; no detailed data structure; limited adoption; BRAG ...
... – CCRF: 2 year; standard for integrating material climate change information into mainstream fillings; principles and criteria; no detailed data structure; limited adoption; BRAG ...
Joint Comments to Army Corps of Engineers
... Finally, these comments offer specific advice to the Corps on its future use of the social cost of greenhouse gases, including to monetize methane and nitrous oxide as well as carbon dioxide, and to ...
... Finally, these comments offer specific advice to the Corps on its future use of the social cost of greenhouse gases, including to monetize methane and nitrous oxide as well as carbon dioxide, and to ...
Chapter Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Summary for
... 2000 and 2010, despite a growing number of climate change mitigation policies. Anthropogenic GHG emissions in 2010 have reached 49 ± 4.5 GtCO2-eq/yr 3. Emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes contributed about 78% of the total GHG emissions increase from 1970 to 2010, w ...
... 2000 and 2010, despite a growing number of climate change mitigation policies. Anthropogenic GHG emissions in 2010 have reached 49 ± 4.5 GtCO2-eq/yr 3. Emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes contributed about 78% of the total GHG emissions increase from 1970 to 2010, w ...
Divestment and Stranded Assets in the Low
... Divestment is presented by some as a response to the risk of stranded assets, and as part of an investor’s fiduciary duty as climate policy starts impacting fossil fuel companies. Others question the effectiveness of divestment on these same grounds. In either case, divestment is only one of the res ...
... Divestment is presented by some as a response to the risk of stranded assets, and as part of an investor’s fiduciary duty as climate policy starts impacting fossil fuel companies. Others question the effectiveness of divestment on these same grounds. In either case, divestment is only one of the res ...
Climate Change Reporting Taxonomy
... – CCRF: 2 year; standard for integrating material climate change information into mainstream fillings; principles and criteria; no detailed data structure; limited adoption; BRAG ...
... – CCRF: 2 year; standard for integrating material climate change information into mainstream fillings; principles and criteria; no detailed data structure; limited adoption; BRAG ...
An Update on the View of CCS in Tim Dixon
... • The share of low‐carbon electricity supply (incl CCS) increases from 30% to more than 80 % by 2050, • Fossil fuel power generation without CCS is phased out by 2100. GHG emissions reduced significantly by: • Replacing average efficiency coal fired power plants with modern high efficiency natural g ...
... • The share of low‐carbon electricity supply (incl CCS) increases from 30% to more than 80 % by 2050, • Fossil fuel power generation without CCS is phased out by 2100. GHG emissions reduced significantly by: • Replacing average efficiency coal fired power plants with modern high efficiency natural g ...
ENSEMBLES_DoW_vn.4_RT5_and_RT6_overview
... Climate model validation, scenario construction and impact assessment require quality-controlled observational data with a time and space resolution high enough to capture extreme weather events. To be effective, the observational data need to have daily resolution, and be available in gridded forma ...
... Climate model validation, scenario construction and impact assessment require quality-controlled observational data with a time and space resolution high enough to capture extreme weather events. To be effective, the observational data need to have daily resolution, and be available in gridded forma ...
Deep uncertainty in long-term hurricane risk: scenario generation and implications for future climate experiments: Working Paper 51 (556 kB) (opens in new window)
... 2. Mitigation of climate change (including the roles of carbon markets and lowcarbon technologies) 3. Impacts of, and adaptation to, climate change, and its effects on development 4. Governance of climate change 5. Management of forests and ecosystems More information about the Grantham Research Ins ...
... 2. Mitigation of climate change (including the roles of carbon markets and lowcarbon technologies) 3. Impacts of, and adaptation to, climate change, and its effects on development 4. Governance of climate change 5. Management of forests and ecosystems More information about the Grantham Research Ins ...
Managing Climate Risk Integrating Adaptation into World Bank Group Operations World Bank Group
... developing countries and on the lives and livelihoods of millions of poor people around the world. Climate change thus directly affects the World Bank Group’s mission of eradicating poverty. It also puts at risk many projects in a wide range of sectors, including infrastructure, agriculture, human h ...
... developing countries and on the lives and livelihoods of millions of poor people around the world. Climate change thus directly affects the World Bank Group’s mission of eradicating poverty. It also puts at risk many projects in a wide range of sectors, including infrastructure, agriculture, human h ...
India`s Megacities and Climate Change
... that arise from climate change. Regardless of whether climate change affects megacities like Delhi or Mumbai, the concerns of larger urban environmental problems related to water, waste, energy, housing, transportation will continue to pose more and more complex challenges. Thus we need to ask, what ...
... that arise from climate change. Regardless of whether climate change affects megacities like Delhi or Mumbai, the concerns of larger urban environmental problems related to water, waste, energy, housing, transportation will continue to pose more and more complex challenges. Thus we need to ask, what ...
How do human CO2 emissions compare to natural CO2 emissions?
... only 6 GT additional load on this balance. The oceans, land and atpmosphere exchange CO2 continuously so the additional load by humans is incredibly small. A small shift in the balance between oceans and air would cause a CO2 much more severe rise than anything we could produce.” (Jeff Id) Before th ...
... only 6 GT additional load on this balance. The oceans, land and atpmosphere exchange CO2 continuously so the additional load by humans is incredibly small. A small shift in the balance between oceans and air would cause a CO2 much more severe rise than anything we could produce.” (Jeff Id) Before th ...
Implications of land use change in tropical northern Africa under
... of land use in the study area leads to very small, mostly insignificantly small, additional differences in mean temperature and annual precipitation change in this region. These findings are only based on the specific set-up of our experiments, which only focuses on variations in the kind of land us ...
... of land use in the study area leads to very small, mostly insignificantly small, additional differences in mean temperature and annual precipitation change in this region. These findings are only based on the specific set-up of our experiments, which only focuses on variations in the kind of land us ...
Modeling Earth`s Climate Teacher Guide
... Q. What do the colors indicate about the change in average temperature over time from 1881 to 2007? A. The colors suggest that the average temperature was two degrees below the 19501980 average in the 1800s, and more recently, between one and two degrees above the 1950-1980 average. Q. Where do the ...
... Q. What do the colors indicate about the change in average temperature over time from 1881 to 2007? A. The colors suggest that the average temperature was two degrees below the 19501980 average in the 1800s, and more recently, between one and two degrees above the 1950-1980 average. Q. Where do the ...
Adapting Environmental Law to the impacts of climate change
... number and intensity of floods in many river districts, there is a need for improved flood control. In addition to traditional technical means, i.e. in particular the construction and heightening of dykes, preventive flood-control measures such as keeping flood plains and retention areas free of dev ...
... number and intensity of floods in many river districts, there is a need for improved flood control. In addition to traditional technical means, i.e. in particular the construction and heightening of dykes, preventive flood-control measures such as keeping flood plains and retention areas free of dev ...
Long-term grazing exclusion did not provide adequate soil carbon
... The development of carbon markets and credits under the Kyoto protocol emphasize the need for enhanced carbon storage in northern Kenyan rangelands for climate change mitigation and local livelihoods diversification. However, to qualify for carbon credits, carbon markets are requiring additional car ...
... The development of carbon markets and credits under the Kyoto protocol emphasize the need for enhanced carbon storage in northern Kenyan rangelands for climate change mitigation and local livelihoods diversification. However, to qualify for carbon credits, carbon markets are requiring additional car ...
Averchenkova, Stern and Zenghelis policy paper December 2014 (opens in new window)
... change negotiations take a top-down, internationally-agreed and quantified objective as a starting point, and then apply various sets of distributive justice criteria to determine the relative levels of effort required by individual countries. The key attraction of such approaches is that they provi ...
... change negotiations take a top-down, internationally-agreed and quantified objective as a starting point, and then apply various sets of distributive justice criteria to determine the relative levels of effort required by individual countries. The key attraction of such approaches is that they provi ...
Methane as a Greenhouse Gas: Why the EPA Should Regulate Emissions
... today clearly contributes more than its share of greenhouse gas emissions. Perhaps more striking is that these emissions rose by 11.7 percent since 1990 and show no signs of slowing.41 A question that often arises is why are methane emissions from this industry growing disproportionately fast? Are w ...
... today clearly contributes more than its share of greenhouse gas emissions. Perhaps more striking is that these emissions rose by 11.7 percent since 1990 and show no signs of slowing.41 A question that often arises is why are methane emissions from this industry growing disproportionately fast? Are w ...
Natural and forced air temperature variability in the Labrador region
... to poor ice and snow conditions (Wolf et al. 2013). Regional climate models suggest that these conditions will occur more frequently due to regional warming expected to be on the order of 3 °C by 2038–2070 (Finnis 2013). However, relevant internal climate variability associated with North Atlantic s ...
... to poor ice and snow conditions (Wolf et al. 2013). Regional climate models suggest that these conditions will occur more frequently due to regional warming expected to be on the order of 3 °C by 2038–2070 (Finnis 2013). However, relevant internal climate variability associated with North Atlantic s ...
Intermodel variability of the poleward shift of the austral jet stream in
... seasonal mean values of the jet position and shift. The negative correlation between position and shift in all seasons suggests that the equatorward bias in the climatology increases the sensitivity to climate forcing throughout the year. The correlation, however, effectively disappears in austral s ...
... seasonal mean values of the jet position and shift. The negative correlation between position and shift in all seasons suggests that the equatorward bias in the climatology increases the sensitivity to climate forcing throughout the year. The correlation, however, effectively disappears in austral s ...
FOUNDATION PAPER |ONE CLIMATE CHANGE Victoria: the
... The purpose of this Climate Change Foundation Paper is to provide an independent and integrated presentation of some of the impacts of climate change in a Victorian setting. It is not intended to replicate the work which has already been undertaken on climate change impacts, bushfires, floods or inf ...
... The purpose of this Climate Change Foundation Paper is to provide an independent and integrated presentation of some of the impacts of climate change in a Victorian setting. It is not intended to replicate the work which has already been undertaken on climate change impacts, bushfires, floods or inf ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.