Interannual variability and expected regional climate change over
... model error and natural variability. They called this moment the Time of Emergence (TOE) of the climate change signal, a term that is entering common use. In our study, we concentrate on interannual variability, leaving aside model error and assuming a single GHG emissions scenario. Deser et al. (20 ...
... model error and natural variability. They called this moment the Time of Emergence (TOE) of the climate change signal, a term that is entering common use. In our study, we concentrate on interannual variability, leaving aside model error and assuming a single GHG emissions scenario. Deser et al. (20 ...
Climate Change: ImplIcatIons and strategIes for the luxury fashIon
... to respond to climate change. Our report is also significant as it is the first time there has been a specific focus on the luxury fashion sector, which aims to offer our customers the most desirable products, and its vulnerabilities to climate change. It provides an opportunity for large multinatio ...
... to respond to climate change. Our report is also significant as it is the first time there has been a specific focus on the luxury fashion sector, which aims to offer our customers the most desirable products, and its vulnerabilities to climate change. It provides an opportunity for large multinatio ...
Quaternary climate changes explain diversity among reptiles and
... variation explained due to factors associated with contemporary climate, despite important shared variance between the two components (Table 2). This was true both for partial regressions using coefficients derived from ordinary least square (OLS) regression as well as the more conservative SAR mode ...
... variation explained due to factors associated with contemporary climate, despite important shared variance between the two components (Table 2). This was true both for partial regressions using coefficients derived from ordinary least square (OLS) regression as well as the more conservative SAR mode ...
Diurnal temperature range as an index of global
... taken at 50-year intervals, to estimate the mean standard deviation. Error estimates are taken from the 5 – 95% confidence interval from the range of 100 year samples. Uncertainty for decadal scale variability in the control is also used to estimate uncertainty in the decadal smoothed GS forced resp ...
... taken at 50-year intervals, to estimate the mean standard deviation. Error estimates are taken from the 5 – 95% confidence interval from the range of 100 year samples. Uncertainty for decadal scale variability in the control is also used to estimate uncertainty in the decadal smoothed GS forced resp ...
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... Howden and Turnpenny (1997) advocate further selection of cattle lines with greater thermoregulatory control, but they point out that this could be difficult because it may not be consistent with high production potential (Finch et al. 1982, 1984). McInnes et al. (2003) have commented on possible im ...
... Howden and Turnpenny (1997) advocate further selection of cattle lines with greater thermoregulatory control, but they point out that this could be difficult because it may not be consistent with high production potential (Finch et al. 1982, 1984). McInnes et al. (2003) have commented on possible im ...
The risks of relying on tomorrow`s `negative emissions` to guide
... the atmosphere. The Paris Agreement on climate change approved last December (UNFCCC 2015) calls for holding global average temperature increase to “well below” 2°C, and to “pursue efforts” to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C. Such an ambitious objective raises questions about the extent to w ...
... the atmosphere. The Paris Agreement on climate change approved last December (UNFCCC 2015) calls for holding global average temperature increase to “well below” 2°C, and to “pursue efforts” to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C. Such an ambitious objective raises questions about the extent to w ...
Links between the Built Environment, Climate and Population Health
... events expressed differentially across the planet.4 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report projects that the globally averaged surface temperatures will increase by 1.8°C to 4.0°C (3.2°F to 7.2°F) by 2100. A warming climate over the next 50 years will confront ...
... events expressed differentially across the planet.4 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report projects that the globally averaged surface temperatures will increase by 1.8°C to 4.0°C (3.2°F to 7.2°F) by 2100. A warming climate over the next 50 years will confront ...
The Adaptation Challenge: Key issues for crop production
... current and future climate change on crop production in Russia, and on Russia’s aspiration to become a leading global food producer. The report is comprised of two parts. The first aims at assessing the extent of the actual and potential impacts of climate changes on crop production in the Russian F ...
... current and future climate change on crop production in Russia, and on Russia’s aspiration to become a leading global food producer. The report is comprised of two parts. The first aims at assessing the extent of the actual and potential impacts of climate changes on crop production in the Russian F ...
Operating in Limits: Defining an Australian
... between 4 billion tonnes to 15 billion tonnes from 2010 to 2050. This range represents the reality that while scientists can advise on appropriate global budgets, just how this pie should be shared is, ultimately, a question of equity. To assess the equity implications of the indicative Australian b ...
... between 4 billion tonnes to 15 billion tonnes from 2010 to 2050. This range represents the reality that while scientists can advise on appropriate global budgets, just how this pie should be shared is, ultimately, a question of equity. To assess the equity implications of the indicative Australian b ...
Climate change impact compared to life cycle assessment results: a
... preliminary study focussing on the CO2 emissions of Flemish asphalt producers. In this study, several CO 2 software are used for different cases of asphalt production, e.g. using reclaimed asphalt (RAP) in wet and dry condition, the effect of different energy resources and transport methods. These r ...
... preliminary study focussing on the CO2 emissions of Flemish asphalt producers. In this study, several CO 2 software are used for different cases of asphalt production, e.g. using reclaimed asphalt (RAP) in wet and dry condition, the effect of different energy resources and transport methods. These r ...
- Friends of the Earth International
... The Asia Pacific region’s par�cular vulnerability to climate change is also exacerbated by its weak economy, which is characterized by stagnant growth and severely exploited, degraded and depleted natural resources and capital, as a result of long-term coloniza�on and globaliza�on. Although the Asia ...
... The Asia Pacific region’s par�cular vulnerability to climate change is also exacerbated by its weak economy, which is characterized by stagnant growth and severely exploited, degraded and depleted natural resources and capital, as a result of long-term coloniza�on and globaliza�on. Although the Asia ...
Challenges of a Sustained Climate Observing System
... influences on the system such as the sun, the Earth’s radiation budget, the Earth’s surface and changes in the climate system from human influences. Moreover, because the climate is changing from natural and human influences (IPCC 2007) it is an imperative to document what is happening, understand t ...
... influences on the system such as the sun, the Earth’s radiation budget, the Earth’s surface and changes in the climate system from human influences. Moreover, because the climate is changing from natural and human influences (IPCC 2007) it is an imperative to document what is happening, understand t ...
Climate Commitments: Assessing the Options
... International commitments serve as the glue that helps hold a cooperative regime together. Before taking potentially costly actions to address climate change, states need to be confident that others will do their part as well. International commitments are the means by which countries bind themselve ...
... International commitments serve as the glue that helps hold a cooperative regime together. Before taking potentially costly actions to address climate change, states need to be confident that others will do their part as well. International commitments are the means by which countries bind themselve ...
The Potential Contribution of the 2010 Exploratory Study among Tourism Industry
... 2004; Friends of the Earth, n.d). Many scientific studies refer to the term climate change or anthropogenic climate changes as human causes to changes in the earth's climate patterns and climate variability as other changes in climate (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001, p. 5; IPCC, 200 ...
... 2004; Friends of the Earth, n.d). Many scientific studies refer to the term climate change or anthropogenic climate changes as human causes to changes in the earth's climate patterns and climate variability as other changes in climate (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001, p. 5; IPCC, 200 ...
Assessing Climate Risks to Low Carbon Urban Projects
... 2015). Buildings, roads and other infrastructure in cities have long lifetimes, sometimes spanning 50 to 100 years of use. Urban infrastructure construction choices of today – retrofitting existing buildings for energy efficiency, setting green building standards for new infrastructure, encouraging ...
... 2015). Buildings, roads and other infrastructure in cities have long lifetimes, sometimes spanning 50 to 100 years of use. Urban infrastructure construction choices of today – retrofitting existing buildings for energy efficiency, setting green building standards for new infrastructure, encouraging ...
Climate change regional review: Russia
... forestation, and re-forestation.8 More recently (March 18, 2013) the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment released a draft decree on ‘The Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions’ necessary to facilitate the implementation of the Doctrine. The draft announces a national emission ‘reduction’ target ...
... forestation, and re-forestation.8 More recently (March 18, 2013) the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment released a draft decree on ‘The Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions’ necessary to facilitate the implementation of the Doctrine. The draft announces a national emission ‘reduction’ target ...
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... to predict economic impacts (e.g. Adams et al. 1998b). The key distinguishing feature of the ‘spatial-analogue’ approach is that it is more explicit in taking into consideration spatial variation in climate change (e.g. Darwin et al. 1995). In our paper we apply the first approach. The advantage of ...
... to predict economic impacts (e.g. Adams et al. 1998b). The key distinguishing feature of the ‘spatial-analogue’ approach is that it is more explicit in taking into consideration spatial variation in climate change (e.g. Darwin et al. 1995). In our paper we apply the first approach. The advantage of ...
Niger`s INDC
... the Kyoto Protocol in December 1996 and ratified it on 17 March 2004. In the context of implementing this agreement, Niger prepared and presented to various Conferences of the Parties (COP’s) the Initial National Communication and the Second National Communication on climate change. The Third Nation ...
... the Kyoto Protocol in December 1996 and ratified it on 17 March 2004. In the context of implementing this agreement, Niger prepared and presented to various Conferences of the Parties (COP’s) the Initial National Communication and the Second National Communication on climate change. The Third Nation ...
Climate change regional review: Russia
... forestation, and re-forestation.8 More recently (March 18, 2013) the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment released a draft decree on ‘The Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions’ necessary to facilitate the implementation of the Doctrine. The draft announces a national emission ‘reduction’ target ...
... forestation, and re-forestation.8 More recently (March 18, 2013) the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment released a draft decree on ‘The Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions’ necessary to facilitate the implementation of the Doctrine. The draft announces a national emission ‘reduction’ target ...
Climate refugees in the 21st century
... of the international refugee protection, the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. The Convention codified the basic rights of refugees and established minimum standards for their treatment. The issue of what constitutes a ‘refugee’ has been changing over time. In this way, the United Natio ...
... of the international refugee protection, the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. The Convention codified the basic rights of refugees and established minimum standards for their treatment. The issue of what constitutes a ‘refugee’ has been changing over time. In this way, the United Natio ...
English
... Social protection plays an important role in addressing some of the challenges arising from climate change within the larger, multi‐sectoral adaptation effort. If designed and executed well, SP interventions offer versatile coping mechanisms for climate shocks and natural disasters. In ...
... Social protection plays an important role in addressing some of the challenges arising from climate change within the larger, multi‐sectoral adaptation effort. If designed and executed well, SP interventions offer versatile coping mechanisms for climate shocks and natural disasters. In ...
Planning for Climate Change in the West
... affect precipitation and wind patterns. The scientific consensus is now clear that the climate is changing, based on long-term observations of global indicators that demonstrate increasing temperatures across the planet. An improving understanding of the processes that drive the climate system ...
... affect precipitation and wind patterns. The scientific consensus is now clear that the climate is changing, based on long-term observations of global indicators that demonstrate increasing temperatures across the planet. An improving understanding of the processes that drive the climate system ...
Winter 2017. - Squarespace
... (OSM), which will be held this May in Zaragoza, Spain. We received over 30 submissions for each session, most of them very promising. We’ll work to make our decisions quickly, and hopefully you will hear back soon from the OSM organizers. We’d also like to thank those of you who created and submitte ...
... (OSM), which will be held this May in Zaragoza, Spain. We received over 30 submissions for each session, most of them very promising. We’ll work to make our decisions quickly, and hopefully you will hear back soon from the OSM organizers. We’d also like to thank those of you who created and submitte ...
The Rules of the Game
... we anticipate that it will initiate a similar conversation within the wider sustainable development community. However, the evidence is clear – quite pointedly so in places. In general, most people prefer to ignore evidence that contradicts their assumed or received attitudes. We do not want the pri ...
... we anticipate that it will initiate a similar conversation within the wider sustainable development community. However, the evidence is clear – quite pointedly so in places. In general, most people prefer to ignore evidence that contradicts their assumed or received attitudes. We do not want the pri ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.