V. Conclusion - Motu Economic and Public Policy Research
... needed to understand and predict the policy response of landowners to carbon farming. Carbon farming in New Zealand is only one example of a complex environmental challenge that requires a combination of approaches to be addressed successfully. While there will always be a need for disciplinary rese ...
... needed to understand and predict the policy response of landowners to carbon farming. Carbon farming in New Zealand is only one example of a complex environmental challenge that requires a combination of approaches to be addressed successfully. While there will always be a need for disciplinary rese ...
as a PDF
... or in the work of Biswas (1980a) or Biswas and Biswas (1979) who argue for renewed attention to climate as a determining factor in agricultural underdevelopment or human health. Lambert (1975) attempts to demonstrate the linkages between climate change and the growth of civilizations. In its most ex ...
... or in the work of Biswas (1980a) or Biswas and Biswas (1979) who argue for renewed attention to climate as a determining factor in agricultural underdevelopment or human health. Lambert (1975) attempts to demonstrate the linkages between climate change and the growth of civilizations. In its most ex ...
Interactions of the carbon cycle, human activity, and the climate system
... All the objectives above cannot be achieved without an enhanced global carbon observing system to fill current gaps in knowledge on the carbon cycle [30], and as established by the Group on Earth Observations [31]. Such a system needs to embrace both global and regional components, bottom-up and top ...
... All the objectives above cannot be achieved without an enhanced global carbon observing system to fill current gaps in knowledge on the carbon cycle [30], and as established by the Group on Earth Observations [31]. Such a system needs to embrace both global and regional components, bottom-up and top ...
Guidelines for Use of Climate Scenarios Developed from Statistical
... The most straightforward means of obtaining higher spatial resolution scenarios is to apply coarse-scale climate change projections to a high resolution observed climate baseline – the change factor method. This method is often used when RCM output are unavailable, for sensitivity studies, or whenev ...
... The most straightforward means of obtaining higher spatial resolution scenarios is to apply coarse-scale climate change projections to a high resolution observed climate baseline – the change factor method. This method is often used when RCM output are unavailable, for sensitivity studies, or whenev ...
sea-level rise
... particularly in small islands, salt intrusion is a further serious concern (Werner and Simmons, 2009). Lowerincome communities generally cannot marshal the resources needed to protect against the effects of sea-level rise, and so must suffer the consequences of not adapting: loss of land, contaminat ...
... particularly in small islands, salt intrusion is a further serious concern (Werner and Simmons, 2009). Lowerincome communities generally cannot marshal the resources needed to protect against the effects of sea-level rise, and so must suffer the consequences of not adapting: loss of land, contaminat ...
Physical and ecological impacts of climate change relevant to
... stratification, salinity changes). The consequences of these processes are complex and will impact community composition, production and seasonality processes in plankton and fish populations. This will put additional pressure on inland fish and land-based, water intensive, food production systems, ...
... stratification, salinity changes). The consequences of these processes are complex and will impact community composition, production and seasonality processes in plankton and fish populations. This will put additional pressure on inland fish and land-based, water intensive, food production systems, ...
An Overview of the International Regime Addressing Climate Change
... Accounting for Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry Activities that lead to deforestation, or even clearing of agricultural land and disturbance of soils, result in substantial releases of carbon dioxide. For these reasons, issues related to land use, land use change, and forestry (“LULUCF”) have ...
... Accounting for Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry Activities that lead to deforestation, or even clearing of agricultural land and disturbance of soils, result in substantial releases of carbon dioxide. For these reasons, issues related to land use, land use change, and forestry (“LULUCF”) have ...
The Impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming and Climate
... Farm animals are significant contributors to the production of all three major GHGs17 and, as their numbers grow, so do their emissions. As the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) notes, “GHG emissions from livestock are inherently tied to livestock population sizes because the livestock are eithe ...
... Farm animals are significant contributors to the production of all three major GHGs17 and, as their numbers grow, so do their emissions. As the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) notes, “GHG emissions from livestock are inherently tied to livestock population sizes because the livestock are eithe ...
Coral Reef Monitoring for Climate Change Impact Assessment and
... cent of the total global greenhouse gas emissions, but bear an overwhelmingly disproportionate level of risk associated with the impacts of climate change. Coral reefs represent a coastal ecosystem of great economic and social importance to the countries of the Caribbean. As elsewhere, the coral ree ...
... cent of the total global greenhouse gas emissions, but bear an overwhelmingly disproportionate level of risk associated with the impacts of climate change. Coral reefs represent a coastal ecosystem of great economic and social importance to the countries of the Caribbean. As elsewhere, the coral ree ...
Climate Change, Agricultural Production and Food Security
... effects of climate change in Yemen. Given the importance of agriculture for income generation and the satisfaction of consumption needs, the model captures both the sectoral and spatial heterogeneity of crop production and its linkages to other sectors such as food processing, manufacturing and serv ...
... effects of climate change in Yemen. Given the importance of agriculture for income generation and the satisfaction of consumption needs, the model captures both the sectoral and spatial heterogeneity of crop production and its linkages to other sectors such as food processing, manufacturing and serv ...
Nooksack Indian Tribe: Rivers and Glaciers - UO Blogs
... This effort will help inform salmon habitat restoration efforts on how to prepare for likely climate change. The Tribe is also researching the effects of climate change on glacier survival in the Nooksack River watershed. Glaciers comprise a critical part of the hydrological system in the watershed, ...
... This effort will help inform salmon habitat restoration efforts on how to prepare for likely climate change. The Tribe is also researching the effects of climate change on glacier survival in the Nooksack River watershed. Glaciers comprise a critical part of the hydrological system in the watershed, ...
Green Market Responses to Global Governance: International
... from international regulatory signals because international ‘good news’ generate revenue effects that are larger than costs of compliance. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the UNFCCC meetings, which have been criticized for having produced insignificant political results, can have subtle finan ...
... from international regulatory signals because international ‘good news’ generate revenue effects that are larger than costs of compliance. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the UNFCCC meetings, which have been criticized for having produced insignificant political results, can have subtle finan ...
The theme of slow onset impact
... hazards ‘events’ is a bit of a misnomer. Slow onset hazards unfold gradually over time and more akin to processes than one-off events. The work programme on loss and damage provides interested parties with the opportunity to resolve apparent internal inconsistencies among UNFCCC documents and decisi ...
... hazards ‘events’ is a bit of a misnomer. Slow onset hazards unfold gradually over time and more akin to processes than one-off events. The work programme on loss and damage provides interested parties with the opportunity to resolve apparent internal inconsistencies among UNFCCC documents and decisi ...
Climate Change and Existing Law: A Survey Robert Meltz Legislative Attorney
... account of climate change and government responses thereto. At the threshold of many climate-change-related lawsuits are two barriers—whether the plaintiff has standing to sue and whether the claim being made presents a political question. Both barriers have forced courts to apply amorphous standard ...
... account of climate change and government responses thereto. At the threshold of many climate-change-related lawsuits are two barriers—whether the plaintiff has standing to sue and whether the claim being made presents a political question. Both barriers have forced courts to apply amorphous standard ...
AmandahaworthWiklund - Global Compact Nordic Network
... data (early view) • Letting suppliers know that this is a business issue • Getting suppliers onto the learning journey NOW • Identifying which suppliers are engaged on climate change • Incorporating into vendor rating ...
... data (early view) • Letting suppliers know that this is a business issue • Getting suppliers onto the learning journey NOW • Identifying which suppliers are engaged on climate change • Incorporating into vendor rating ...
Overlooked Science Issues in Climate Change
... (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing as ...
... (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing as ...
PDF
... A major shift in the context for all primary industries policies to ‘climate change’, irrespective of whether the component policies appear to be little changed is articulated in the policy papers. The detail of climate change policy awaits the Climate Change Review by Professor Ross Garnaut in mid- ...
... A major shift in the context for all primary industries policies to ‘climate change’, irrespective of whether the component policies appear to be little changed is articulated in the policy papers. The detail of climate change policy awaits the Climate Change Review by Professor Ross Garnaut in mid- ...
Increase of carbon cycle feedback with climate sensitivity
... to simulate a fairly strong fertilization effect (Cramer et al., 2001; McGuire et al., 2001). This can partly be explained by the fact that IBIS does not simulate the effect of nutrients limitations. Changes in competition at the ecosystem level in response to improved water-use efficiency and incre ...
... to simulate a fairly strong fertilization effect (Cramer et al., 2001; McGuire et al., 2001). This can partly be explained by the fact that IBIS does not simulate the effect of nutrients limitations. Changes in competition at the ecosystem level in response to improved water-use efficiency and incre ...
Environmental refugees: The impact of climate change on emigration
... by mankind to a large degree, there is less consensus about its consequences, particularly in the security sector. Climate change is a highly complex and long-term phenomenon, which is hard to grasp for “ordinary” citizens. Not everybody is affected by climate change equally, and its consequences ar ...
... by mankind to a large degree, there is less consensus about its consequences, particularly in the security sector. Climate change is a highly complex and long-term phenomenon, which is hard to grasp for “ordinary” citizens. Not everybody is affected by climate change equally, and its consequences ar ...
The design of a legacy indicator tool for measuring climate change
... Brimblecombe suggests that an embedded tool, capable of gathering and storing data without maintenance or management requirements would be ideal for monitoring climate change impacts on individual heritage sites [25]. The LegIT is an attempt to create one such tool, in this case for the capture of s ...
... Brimblecombe suggests that an embedded tool, capable of gathering and storing data without maintenance or management requirements would be ideal for monitoring climate change impacts on individual heritage sites [25]. The LegIT is an attempt to create one such tool, in this case for the capture of s ...
Climate Change Action Plan Assessment Report
... preparing an inventory is still lacking. Similarly, while the action on establishment of an afforestation monitoring system and its integration into the Forest Inventory and Monitoring System was envisaged to be completed in 2013; this action’s predecessor which is the “Development of Basin Based Mo ...
... preparing an inventory is still lacking. Similarly, while the action on establishment of an afforestation monitoring system and its integration into the Forest Inventory and Monitoring System was envisaged to be completed in 2013; this action’s predecessor which is the “Development of Basin Based Mo ...
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use
... atmosphere. The associated trends are important indicators of climate change and are likely to have profound influences on ecosystems and societies. This review is focused on two important examples of such change: first, tropical circulation change related to a poleward expansion of the Hadley cell ...
... atmosphere. The associated trends are important indicators of climate change and are likely to have profound influences on ecosystems and societies. This review is focused on two important examples of such change: first, tropical circulation change related to a poleward expansion of the Hadley cell ...
by The Hon. Justice Brian J Preston Chief Judge
... reduction in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removal of greenhouse gases by sinks. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved both on the supply side and on the demand side. On the supply side, the two main measures are the substitution of energy sources that result ...
... reduction in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removal of greenhouse gases by sinks. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved both on the supply side and on the demand side. On the supply side, the two main measures are the substitution of energy sources that result ...
“Venues for Contestation ” within the United Nations Framework
... aspect is the idea of differential responsibility for climate emissions reduction. The idea being that developed countries should take the lead and incur higher costs than developing countries. This uneven distribution of the financial costs of implementing emissions reductions has been one of the m ...
... aspect is the idea of differential responsibility for climate emissions reduction. The idea being that developed countries should take the lead and incur higher costs than developing countries. This uneven distribution of the financial costs of implementing emissions reductions has been one of the m ...
Climate change effects on above- and below
... included in all the analyses nested within climate change, and as a random factor to control for the potential effect of the location. LMMs were used for variables fitting a Gaussian distribution. GLMMs were used for variables fitting binomial distribution (with logit as link function) and Poisson d ...
... included in all the analyses nested within climate change, and as a random factor to control for the potential effect of the location. LMMs were used for variables fitting a Gaussian distribution. GLMMs were used for variables fitting binomial distribution (with logit as link function) and Poisson d ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.