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classical
classical

... to be the same as maximize real income. • If utility were maximized in a multi-period model, we would analyze the intertemporal optimization choices associated with electing whether to consume now or later, with the disutility of foregoing current consumption offset by interest income on savings. In ...
President`s Ad Hoc Committee on the Economy: 1929
President`s Ad Hoc Committee on the Economy: 1929

... The trust Americans once had in the American banking system is now and will be for some time deteriorated. Americans that believed their hard earned money was safe will rely instead on hiding whatever money they can save in their mattresses, unless this committee does what is necessary to not only r ...
Chapter 12 LECTURE NOTES
Chapter 12 LECTURE NOTES

... 3. The velocity of money (number of times the average dollar is spent in a year) may be unpredictable, especially in the short run and can offset the desired impact of changes in money supply. Tight money policy may cause people to spend faster; velocity rises. 4. The impact on investment may be les ...
Classical/neoclassical model
Classical/neoclassical model

Comments: “Inflation Targeting Framework for Jamaica: An
Comments: “Inflation Targeting Framework for Jamaica: An

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economics (hons) – sem-ii
economics (hons) – sem-ii

... In terms of fish, what is the GDP of Gilligan’s Island? What are consumption and investment? What are the incomes of the Professor and Gilligan? ...
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... focus on monetary issues of the economy.  Chapter 1 provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in later chapters.  We study money, banking, and financial Markets 1. To examine the role of money in the economy 2. To examine how financial institutions such as banks and insurance compani ...
Final Exam 2011
Final Exam 2011

... 40 percent of the total points in the course. You have until 5:30 p.m. to complete the exam. Answer both questions in Part I and four questions from part II. If necessary, indicate which questions you are answering. Indicate your adherence to the Lawrence Honor Code. “The federal government is spend ...
Economics 1012A Introduction to Macroeconomics Fall 2008 Dr. RE
Economics 1012A Introduction to Macroeconomics Fall 2008 Dr. RE

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Lecture Slides Chapter 16

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The Curse of Cash - Arthur D. Simons Center

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Solutions for Chapters 22-24

... open market operations, it uses what is essentially printed money. The whole point is to expand reserves and thus the money supply. 3. Cash: Asset—Bank has it on hand. Demand Deposits: Liability—claims by depositors can be withdrawn at any time. Savings deposits: Liability—same logic. Reserves: Asse ...
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Macroeconomics

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Monetary Policy and the Interest Rate

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Heading for the exit: Is this the end of cheap...

... nearly $3.5 trillion of assets already held on the Fed’s balance sheet (see Figure 2 below) and its ‘forward guidance’ on the main reserve rate. • The Fed has consistently said that interest rates will not rise if unemployment is above 6.5%, provided inflation remains under control. At its current p ...
CHAPTER 3 ANSWERS TO "DO YOU UNDERSTAND?" TEXT
CHAPTER 3 ANSWERS TO "DO YOU UNDERSTAND?" TEXT

... really control that interest rate in the long run? Answer: In the short run open-market operations can influence the fed funds rate, money market rates, and indexed rates in lending agreements. The FFR is a “benchmark” rate in the financial system, usually representing the lowest available cost of l ...
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The relationships between currencies and gold

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lecture notes

Module 33
Module 33

ECON 121 Principles of Macroeconomics
ECON 121 Principles of Macroeconomics

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Money supply

In economics, the money supply or money stock, is the total amount of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time. There are several ways to define ""money,"" but standard measures usually include currency in circulation and demand deposits (depositors' easily accessed assets on the books of financial institutions).Money supply data are recorded and published, usually by the government or the central bank of the country. Public and private sector analysts have long monitored changes in money supply because of its effects on the price level, inflation, the exchange rate and the business cycle.That relation between money and prices is historically associated with the quantity theory of money. There is strong empirical evidence of a direct relation between money-supply growth and long-term price inflation, at least for rapid increases in the amount of money in the economy. For example, a country such as Zimbabwe which saw extremely rapid increases in its money supply also saw extremely rapid increases in prices (hyperinflation). This is one reason for the reliance on monetary policy as a means of controlling inflation.The nature of this causal chain is the subject of contention. Some heterodox economists argue that the money supply is endogenous (determined by the workings of the economy, not by the central bank) and that the sources of inflation must be found in the distributional structure of the economy.In addition, those economists seeing the central bank's control over the money supply as feeble say that there are two weak links between the growth of the money supply and the inflation rate. First, in the aftermath of a recession, when many resources are underutilized, an increase in the money supply can cause a sustained increase in real production instead of inflation. Second, if the velocity of money (i.e., the ratio between nominal GDP and money supply) changes, an increase in the money supply could have either no effect, an exaggerated effect, or an unpredictable effect on the growth of nominal GDP.
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