The National Virtual Observatory
... Major Global Climate Change Concerns • Climate Change (“Global Warming”) • Stratospheric ozone depletion • Impacts on global air quality • Biodiversity and biospheric changes Scientific requirements to resolve uncertainty and develop meaningful policy • Require extensive use of large datasets from n ...
... Major Global Climate Change Concerns • Climate Change (“Global Warming”) • Stratospheric ozone depletion • Impacts on global air quality • Biodiversity and biospheric changes Scientific requirements to resolve uncertainty and develop meaningful policy • Require extensive use of large datasets from n ...
Inter-comparison of two land-surface models applied at different
... the replacement of the LSM with overall increased annual mean near surface air temperature (+1 K) and less annual precipitation (−56 mm) with different spatial and temporal behaviour. Finally, feedbacks can set up positive and negative effects on simulated evapotranspiration, resulting in a decrease ...
... the replacement of the LSM with overall increased annual mean near surface air temperature (+1 K) and less annual precipitation (−56 mm) with different spatial and temporal behaviour. Finally, feedbacks can set up positive and negative effects on simulated evapotranspiration, resulting in a decrease ...
A conceptual framework for monitoring climate effects and feedback
... trends of, for example, increased temperature and retreating sea ice cover, such changes are not necessarily observed in local climate. In fact, what have been observed at Zackenberg over the last ten years are weather conditions varying tremendously from year to year. More importantly, the ecosy ...
... trends of, for example, increased temperature and retreating sea ice cover, such changes are not necessarily observed in local climate. In fact, what have been observed at Zackenberg over the last ten years are weather conditions varying tremendously from year to year. More importantly, the ecosy ...
Climate Change & Resource Development Scenarios for the
... variety of experiences, viewpoints and technical expertise related to the Nechako watershed. We made extensive efforts to invite participants that represented diverse knowledge. Workshop participants included thirty-two stakeholders from eighteen organizations with an interest in the watershed. Invi ...
... variety of experiences, viewpoints and technical expertise related to the Nechako watershed. We made extensive efforts to invite participants that represented diverse knowledge. Workshop participants included thirty-two stakeholders from eighteen organizations with an interest in the watershed. Invi ...
Rising TempeRs, Rising TempeRaTuRes:
... 30 to 50 percent of youth in Africa currently lack access to adequate basic services and, thus, are at an increased risk of climate change (UNESA, 2010). ...
... 30 to 50 percent of youth in Africa currently lack access to adequate basic services and, thus, are at an increased risk of climate change (UNESA, 2010). ...
PDF
... simple expected utility framework to show that as variance of pest damage increases, threshold populations that trigger pesticide application decline (pesticide is applied more often) – and for infestation levels above the threshold, pesticide application increases. With increased pesticide use come ...
... simple expected utility framework to show that as variance of pest damage increases, threshold populations that trigger pesticide application decline (pesticide is applied more often) – and for infestation levels above the threshold, pesticide application increases. With increased pesticide use come ...
Adaptation Strategy and Mitigation of Biological Resources
... variability today and the next should be used as one important variable in determining the basics of national planning development of short, medium and long term as well. Tackling climate change requires effective management of climate variability, and at the same time, anticipating its impact of lo ...
... variability today and the next should be used as one important variable in determining the basics of national planning development of short, medium and long term as well. Tackling climate change requires effective management of climate variability, and at the same time, anticipating its impact of lo ...
Climate change - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
... other words, addressing the impacts of climate change. Other definitions: Outside of the climate change discourse, natural science disciplines use the term adaptation to “broadly refer to the development of genetic or behavioural characteristics which enable organisms or systems to cope with environ ...
... other words, addressing the impacts of climate change. Other definitions: Outside of the climate change discourse, natural science disciplines use the term adaptation to “broadly refer to the development of genetic or behavioural characteristics which enable organisms or systems to cope with environ ...
Expert Consensus on the Economics of Climate Change
... group’s “statistical” or average answer. Well-developed theories on “the wisdom of crowds” explain why the average answer from a group is likely to be more accurate than most individuals in that group, and why large groups perform better than small groups.10 For example, statistical groups of expert ...
... group’s “statistical” or average answer. Well-developed theories on “the wisdom of crowds” explain why the average answer from a group is likely to be more accurate than most individuals in that group, and why large groups perform better than small groups.10 For example, statistical groups of expert ...
Climate policy under sustainable discounted utilitarianism: Working Paper 42 (830 kB) (opens in new window)
... con ned to the application of discounted utilitarianism (DU). DU is controversial, both due to the conditions through which it is justi ed and due to its consequences for climate policies, where the discounting of future utility gains from present abatement eorts makes it harder for such measures t ...
... con ned to the application of discounted utilitarianism (DU). DU is controversial, both due to the conditions through which it is justi ed and due to its consequences for climate policies, where the discounting of future utility gains from present abatement eorts makes it harder for such measures t ...
Statistical methods for the analysis of simulated and observed
... stimulate their implementation by decision-makers in politics, administration, economy and society. Global and regional climate projections have been calculated as part of the IPCC process but also for national and international projects. The calculated time period covers more than 140 years ranging ...
... stimulate their implementation by decision-makers in politics, administration, economy and society. Global and regional climate projections have been calculated as part of the IPCC process but also for national and international projects. The calculated time period covers more than 140 years ranging ...
land use and climate changes and their impacts on runoff in the
... The YZRB is part of Indian Ocean water system. It exhibits obvious variation in its climate from upstream to downstream regions of the basin, which are caused by the location and the topographical features of the QinghaiTibet Plateau. The upstream region, which is located within a frigid zone with a ...
... The YZRB is part of Indian Ocean water system. It exhibits obvious variation in its climate from upstream to downstream regions of the basin, which are caused by the location and the topographical features of the QinghaiTibet Plateau. The upstream region, which is located within a frigid zone with a ...
Climate change in the Norwegian Arctic – Consequences for life in
... Arctic is important for the global climate, and in recent years, large changes have been charted in the region. The northern regions are in focus and it is important that the best and most updated information concerning ongoing and future climate change in the Arctic is available to decision makers. ...
... Arctic is important for the global climate, and in recent years, large changes have been charted in the region. The northern regions are in focus and it is important that the best and most updated information concerning ongoing and future climate change in the Arctic is available to decision makers. ...
Local Climate Variability and Crop Production in the Central
... Climate variability plays a great role in agricultural prodcution having a direct impact from the start of land preparation to the final harvest (Akinseye et al., 2013; Mesike and Esekhade, 2014). Rainfall in particular is a critical climatic element. While non-climatic factors like availability and ...
... Climate variability plays a great role in agricultural prodcution having a direct impact from the start of land preparation to the final harvest (Akinseye et al., 2013; Mesike and Esekhade, 2014). Rainfall in particular is a critical climatic element. While non-climatic factors like availability and ...
STRIVE Elucidating the Impact of Report Series No.52
... most of Europe. A combined organic–inorganic seaspray source function has been incorporated into the ...
... most of Europe. A combined organic–inorganic seaspray source function has been incorporated into the ...
Climate Risk and Business
... The adverse effects of climate change on human welfare are becoming more apparent worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In the past year, climate related impacts caused economic damages amounting to tens of billions of dollars, displaced millions of people and contributed to the looming f ...
... The adverse effects of climate change on human welfare are becoming more apparent worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In the past year, climate related impacts caused economic damages amounting to tens of billions of dollars, displaced millions of people and contributed to the looming f ...
IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 6 FIRST-‐ORDER DRAFT Expert Review
... LETTERS, VOL. 35, L03618, doi:10.1029/2007GL031745). (Frank Whitney, Institute of Ocean Sciences) ...
... LETTERS, VOL. 35, L03618, doi:10.1029/2007GL031745). (Frank Whitney, Institute of Ocean Sciences) ...
Projected effects of climate change on water supply reliability in Mid
... The main differences between modelled flows for the current and 2040 climate are: Mean flows for 2040 are projected to be about 8 m3/s larger than under the current climate (about an 8% increase in mean flow) The monthly mean flow is projected to increase or stay the same in 10 months of the yea ...
... The main differences between modelled flows for the current and 2040 climate are: Mean flows for 2040 are projected to be about 8 m3/s larger than under the current climate (about an 8% increase in mean flow) The monthly mean flow is projected to increase or stay the same in 10 months of the yea ...
Dynamics of Culture and Climate Change and their Implications on
... and practices are mediated by ideas about the relationship between humanity and the wider ‘natural’ environment, and how adaptive (or maladaptative) cultural patterns come about, are fundamentally important steps that can complement the development of technological, engineering, managerial coping an ...
... and practices are mediated by ideas about the relationship between humanity and the wider ‘natural’ environment, and how adaptive (or maladaptative) cultural patterns come about, are fundamentally important steps that can complement the development of technological, engineering, managerial coping an ...
The Hydrological Cycle of the Mediterranean
... CMIP3 simulations for the twentieth century suggest that the impact of greenhouse gase (GHG) increase (IPCC 2007a) may have already been manifesting itself in the Mediterranean region as a tendency toward drier and warmer conditions (Fig. 8.1). In this and following sections, diverse observational w ...
... CMIP3 simulations for the twentieth century suggest that the impact of greenhouse gase (GHG) increase (IPCC 2007a) may have already been manifesting itself in the Mediterranean region as a tendency toward drier and warmer conditions (Fig. 8.1). In this and following sections, diverse observational w ...
The Diverse Role Of Humans Need to Broaden the Perspective Presented to
... and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radia ...
... and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radia ...
i4332e04
... Instead, if feasible, the multimodel mean should be complemented by a number of individual projections that can delineate the model spread in the most relevant output variables for the particular study (Rötter et al., 2013a; Rummukainen, 2014). The change in global mean temperature observed so far a ...
... Instead, if feasible, the multimodel mean should be complemented by a number of individual projections that can delineate the model spread in the most relevant output variables for the particular study (Rötter et al., 2013a; Rummukainen, 2014). The change in global mean temperature observed so far a ...
El Niño and Health - World Health Organization
... malaria cases increase by more than one third following dry conditions associated with El Niño. In south-west Sri Lanka, an historical analysis found a four-fold increase of malaria epidemics during El Niño. Changes in rainfall are probably the most important mechanism by which El Niño has an effect ...
... malaria cases increase by more than one third following dry conditions associated with El Niño. In south-west Sri Lanka, an historical analysis found a four-fold increase of malaria epidemics during El Niño. Changes in rainfall are probably the most important mechanism by which El Niño has an effect ...
Document
... calcareous taxa are actually increasing in abundance, a trend associated with climate shifts in Northern Hemisphere temperature. As an example, planktonic foraminifera are increasing in abundance across the North Atlantic (Figure B3). However, observations from the Southern Ocean suggest that modern ...
... calcareous taxa are actually increasing in abundance, a trend associated with climate shifts in Northern Hemisphere temperature. As an example, planktonic foraminifera are increasing in abundance across the North Atlantic (Figure B3). However, observations from the Southern Ocean suggest that modern ...
Towards stability metrics for cloud cover variation under climate
... • Cloud responses to changing CO2 very different from those due to SST changes, even in slab-ocean models. CO2 induces additional atmospheric radiative forcing at the top of the MBL in addition to warming the surface. • CO2 perturbs the relationship between MBL depth and EIS whereas SST+2K does not ...
... • Cloud responses to changing CO2 very different from those due to SST changes, even in slab-ocean models. CO2 induces additional atmospheric radiative forcing at the top of the MBL in addition to warming the surface. • CO2 perturbs the relationship between MBL depth and EIS whereas SST+2K does not ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.