PDF
... more than two decades old (Revesz et al., 2014). Three IPCC assessment reports (2001, 2007, and 2014) have been released since the 1990s and there has been a recent explosion in statistical-based impact estimates (Revesz et al., 2014). As such, the current IAM damage functions clearly omit key infor ...
... more than two decades old (Revesz et al., 2014). Three IPCC assessment reports (2001, 2007, and 2014) have been released since the 1990s and there has been a recent explosion in statistical-based impact estimates (Revesz et al., 2014). As such, the current IAM damage functions clearly omit key infor ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Australia
... ranges and adaptive capacity, but they may become vulnerable if global warming exceeds 3.0°C.” Information that has become available since 2007 suggests risks may be more significant than estimated by the IPCC. While individual events cannot be directly attributed to climate change, extreme events e ...
... ranges and adaptive capacity, but they may become vulnerable if global warming exceeds 3.0°C.” Information that has become available since 2007 suggests risks may be more significant than estimated by the IPCC. While individual events cannot be directly attributed to climate change, extreme events e ...
Enhancing the relevance of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways for
... of simple storylines and model quantifications. The four global and seven regional GEO scenarios have a broader scope, characterising drivers of global environmental change and explicitly including indicators related to poverty, educational attainment, and malnutrition, as well as discussing progres ...
... of simple storylines and model quantifications. The four global and seven regional GEO scenarios have a broader scope, characterising drivers of global environmental change and explicitly including indicators related to poverty, educational attainment, and malnutrition, as well as discussing progres ...
Effects of Heat Stress on Working Populations when Facing Climate
... Current Status Climate change and its effects The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Forth Assessment Report (AR4) which came out in 2007 stated clearly that ‘warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocea ...
... Current Status Climate change and its effects The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Forth Assessment Report (AR4) which came out in 2007 stated clearly that ‘warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocea ...
Accelerating Tropicalization and the Transformation of Temperate
... rapidly accelerating in the last two decades (Waycott et al. 2009). This has significant economic ramifications, because on a global scale, seagrass meadows (combined with algal beds) have been estimated to provide ecosystem services for nutrient cycling alone valued at approximately US$29,000 per ...
... rapidly accelerating in the last two decades (Waycott et al. 2009). This has significant economic ramifications, because on a global scale, seagrass meadows (combined with algal beds) have been estimated to provide ecosystem services for nutrient cycling alone valued at approximately US$29,000 per ...
Katsman et al (2011)
... past 15 years, satellites have measured a global mean sea level rise at a rate of about 3 mm/yr, while over that period, local changes varied from roughly −10 to +10 mm/yr (e.g., Milne et al. 2009; Cazenave and Nerem 2004). Although this recently observed pattern is certainly affected by decadal var ...
... past 15 years, satellites have measured a global mean sea level rise at a rate of about 3 mm/yr, while over that period, local changes varied from roughly −10 to +10 mm/yr (e.g., Milne et al. 2009; Cazenave and Nerem 2004). Although this recently observed pattern is certainly affected by decadal var ...
Climate Change Impacts on Environmental Hazards on the Great
... osi, Meyer, et al. 2013); thus this hazard was excluded from the assessment. In the last two centuries global climate change has become increasingly obvious and further warming is expected. On the basis of the climate model simulations, future warming is accompanied by changing precipitation conditi ...
... osi, Meyer, et al. 2013); thus this hazard was excluded from the assessment. In the last two centuries global climate change has become increasingly obvious and further warming is expected. On the basis of the climate model simulations, future warming is accompanied by changing precipitation conditi ...
Tipping elements in the Arctic marine ecosystem Carlos M. Duarte1
... external pressures in the proximity of these thresholds or tipping points (May 1977, Scheffer et al. 2001, Scheffer and Carpenter 2003, Groffman et al. 2006). Whereas the term tipping point was initially introduced in the context of the climate change debate in a metaphoric manner, it has since been ...
... external pressures in the proximity of these thresholds or tipping points (May 1977, Scheffer et al. 2001, Scheffer and Carpenter 2003, Groffman et al. 2006). Whereas the term tipping point was initially introduced in the context of the climate change debate in a metaphoric manner, it has since been ...
nota di lavoro - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
... argument to delay action, or of keeping non-commitment, in the face of uncertain climate change has some traction in the policy debate, as witnessed by skeptics’ attention to certainty of scientific facts (e.g., certainty of the rising trend of the global mean surface temperature). Theoretical studi ...
... argument to delay action, or of keeping non-commitment, in the face of uncertain climate change has some traction in the policy debate, as witnessed by skeptics’ attention to certainty of scientific facts (e.g., certainty of the rising trend of the global mean surface temperature). Theoretical studi ...
energetics of climate models: net energy
... as in its main subdomains. While the analysis of entropy production will be the subject of a separate publication, along the lines of Ozawa et al. [2003] and Wu and Liu [2010], we hereby wish to focus on the analysis of energetics of the CS in selected simulations of the CMs included in the IPCC4AR, ...
... as in its main subdomains. While the analysis of entropy production will be the subject of a separate publication, along the lines of Ozawa et al. [2003] and Wu and Liu [2010], we hereby wish to focus on the analysis of energetics of the CS in selected simulations of the CMs included in the IPCC4AR, ...
Observations and their analysis in WCRP/COPES
... 5 Principles for Re-Processing Climate Data Records For climate, the value of an observational record increases with time, provided that the record is continuous and homogeneous. As datasets are used, characteristics of the data and problems are exposed, and often solutions to problems or algorithm ...
... 5 Principles for Re-Processing Climate Data Records For climate, the value of an observational record increases with time, provided that the record is continuous and homogeneous. As datasets are used, characteristics of the data and problems are exposed, and often solutions to problems or algorithm ...
Climate Change Impact on Public Health in the Russian Arctic
... Climate change is also affecting Russia. The average annual temperature for 2007 was 2.1С higher than the historical average since 1886 [Report on the Peculiarities of Climate in Russia…, 2008]. Some of the fastest and most significant climate changes are taking place in the Arctic, resulting in mel ...
... Climate change is also affecting Russia. The average annual temperature for 2007 was 2.1С higher than the historical average since 1886 [Report on the Peculiarities of Climate in Russia…, 2008]. Some of the fastest and most significant climate changes are taking place in the Arctic, resulting in mel ...
Climate controls on soil respired CO2 in the United States
... issues by modeling future changes in the concentration of soil CO2 derived from respiration (called S(z) herein) and dissolved CO2 in soil pore water ([CO2aq]) directly from climate variables that are predicted by climate models. These results are used to estimate future sources and sinks of carbon ...
... issues by modeling future changes in the concentration of soil CO2 derived from respiration (called S(z) herein) and dissolved CO2 in soil pore water ([CO2aq]) directly from climate variables that are predicted by climate models. These results are used to estimate future sources and sinks of carbon ...
National Park Service - UAF SNAP
... This effort took off in 2010, when NPS national and Alaska Regional offices released climate change response strategies for the National Park System and the Alaska Region, respectively (NPS 2010a, NPS 2010b). Scenario planning was identified in both strategies as a high priority for understanding po ...
... This effort took off in 2010, when NPS national and Alaska Regional offices released climate change response strategies for the National Park System and the Alaska Region, respectively (NPS 2010a, NPS 2010b). Scenario planning was identified in both strategies as a high priority for understanding po ...
W How to Take A R T I C L E S
... ater management and the resolution of water disputes have long relied on a simple and fundamental assumption: the past is a way to understand the present and to predict the future. Thus, for example, water allocation decisions—whether made by states in negotiating an interstate compact or by courts ...
... ater management and the resolution of water disputes have long relied on a simple and fundamental assumption: the past is a way to understand the present and to predict the future. Thus, for example, water allocation decisions—whether made by states in negotiating an interstate compact or by courts ...
KNMI`14: Climate Change scenarios for the 21st Century – A
... mitigation options (Working Group III). ...
... mitigation options (Working Group III). ...
'Communicating Uncertainties for those Insuring Future Climate Change' Oslo 2008
... The basic question for using these results regards how probabilities based on ensembles of climate models should be interpreted: a) Like the probability of a driver having an accident given their age and gender? b) Like the probability that the next government will rule nuclear ...
... The basic question for using these results regards how probabilities based on ensembles of climate models should be interpreted: a) Like the probability of a driver having an accident given their age and gender? b) Like the probability that the next government will rule nuclear ...
The effects of deforestation and climate variability on the
... differences of the 12 monthly means of discharge and precipitation in the 1970s and 1990s time series. Monthly mean precipitation data from the CRUts2.0 dataset (Mitchell et al. 2004) were used in this study for comparison with the observed and simulated discharge data. The CRU-ts2.0 is a ° 9 ° gl ...
... differences of the 12 monthly means of discharge and precipitation in the 1970s and 1990s time series. Monthly mean precipitation data from the CRUts2.0 dataset (Mitchell et al. 2004) were used in this study for comparison with the observed and simulated discharge data. The CRU-ts2.0 is a ° 9 ° gl ...
PDF (Author`s version)
... et al. 2011), and geothermal (Friberg et al. 2009) gradients have generally shown faster litter decomposition under higher temperatures. However, it is usually difficult in these studies to disentangle the effects of temperature from those associated with water chemistry and biogeography. Also, the ...
... et al. 2011), and geothermal (Friberg et al. 2009) gradients have generally shown faster litter decomposition under higher temperatures. However, it is usually difficult in these studies to disentangle the effects of temperature from those associated with water chemistry and biogeography. Also, the ...
The First Decade of Long-Lead U.S. Seasonal Forecasts
... independent forecasts used to estimate the score. Radok ’s expression is used with conservative, approximate reductions to T (based on the first author’s experience) to account for interdependence between forecasts. Each year and every other lead are counted as independent to obtain T*, while three ...
... independent forecasts used to estimate the score. Radok ’s expression is used with conservative, approximate reductions to T (based on the first author’s experience) to account for interdependence between forecasts. Each year and every other lead are counted as independent to obtain T*, while three ...
PDF Full Publication in PDF Format
... climate change. As with drought, there is a strong divergence between countries. Figure 4 also shows results for Lesotho under the four alternative scenarios. Impacts are less severe under B1 than under A1, primarily because climate change is less pronounced under B1 (cf. Figure 2). Impacts are more ...
... climate change. As with drought, there is a strong divergence between countries. Figure 4 also shows results for Lesotho under the four alternative scenarios. Impacts are less severe under B1 than under A1, primarily because climate change is less pronounced under B1 (cf. Figure 2). Impacts are more ...
The Steady-State Atmospheric Circulation
... poleward shifts in the extratropical tropospheric storm tracks and a weakened stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation. The former result suggests heating in the tropical troposphere plays a fundamental role in the poleward contraction of the storm tracks found in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate C ...
... poleward shifts in the extratropical tropospheric storm tracks and a weakened stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation. The former result suggests heating in the tropical troposphere plays a fundamental role in the poleward contraction of the storm tracks found in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate C ...
Báo cáo đánh giá tính tổn thương BĐKH trong hoạt động
... cold waves affected Vietnam and in the past two decades these cold waves have decreased markedly. This clearly reflects the operating frequency of cold air in the North. Meanwhile, the average temperature remained high in the summer (hot season). Change in the rainfall patterns According to the clim ...
... cold waves affected Vietnam and in the past two decades these cold waves have decreased markedly. This clearly reflects the operating frequency of cold air in the North. Meanwhile, the average temperature remained high in the summer (hot season). Change in the rainfall patterns According to the clim ...
DICE 2013R - Yale Economics
... levels and growth of major economic and environmental variables as would occur with current climate-change policies. It does not make any case for the social desirability of the distribution of incomes over space or time of existing conditions, any more than a marine biologist makes a moral judgment ...
... levels and growth of major economic and environmental variables as would occur with current climate-change policies. It does not make any case for the social desirability of the distribution of incomes over space or time of existing conditions, any more than a marine biologist makes a moral judgment ...
Communicating Climate Change through ICT
... take their expected or perceived need for knowledge, their interpretative frames and their preconceptions or previous knowledge into account when communicating climate change [6,18]. This means that there is a need to tailor communication to the target audiences. Many attempts have been made to segm ...
... take their expected or perceived need for knowledge, their interpretative frames and their preconceptions or previous knowledge into account when communicating climate change [6,18]. This means that there is a need to tailor communication to the target audiences. Many attempts have been made to segm ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.