Download The National Virtual Observatory

GLORIAD Science Applications
Astronomy – Virtual Observatories
Global Climate Change
Richard M. Crutcher
Professor of Astronomy, University of Illinois
and
Senior Associate Director for Applications,
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
What is NCSA?
• United States National Science Foundation
funded center operated by the University of Illinois
• Provides high-performance computing resources to
the U.S. academic community on basis of peerreviewed proposals
• Non-U.S. researchers can collaborate with U.S.
researchers and obtain supercomputing resources
• NCSA computing resources
– 2 TFlop IBM Power 4, AIX operating system
– 15 TFlop Pentium 4 Xeon cluster, Linux operating system
– 10 TFlop Itanium 2 Teragrid cluster, Linux operating system
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Extensible TeraGrid Facility
Caltech: Data collection analysis
0.4 TF IA-64
IA32 Datawulf
80 TB Storage
Sun
IA64
ANL: Visualization
LEGEND
Cluster
Visualization
Cluster
Storage Server
Shared Memory
IA32
IA64
IA32
Disk Storage
Backplane Router
1.25 TF IA-64
96 Viz nodes
20 TB Storage
IA32
Extensible Backplane Network
LA
Hub
30 Gb/s
Chicago
Hub
40 Gb/s
30 Gb/s
30 Gb/s
30 Gb/s
30 Gb/s
4 TF IA-64
DB2, Oracle Servers
500 TB Disk Storage
6 PB Tape Storage
1.1 TF Power4
IA64
Sun
IA64
10 TF IA-64
128 large memory nodes
230 TB Disk Storage
3 PB Tape Storage
GPFS and data mining
Pwr4
SDSC: Data Intensive
NCSA: Compute Intensive
EV7
EV68
6 TF EV68
71 TB Storage
0.3 TF EV7 shared-memory
150 TB Storage Server
Sun
PSC: Compute Intensive
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
The National Virtual
Observatory
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
What is the NVO?
• An NSF-funded collaboration of astronomy data
providers and IT specialists
• A participant in the International Virtual Observatory
Association
=
VO-India
KVO
GAVO
IDGAR
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
What is the NVO?
Data Grid for Astronomy
– Federation of diverse, distributed data & services
~103 catalogs, image archives, data collections currently on-line
Archive growth:
Sloan Digital Sky Survey: ~3 TB (today)
Large Synoptic Telescope: 10 PB/year (2008)
– Infrastructure that enables difficult science
• handling large datasets
• integrating diverse data
• integrating computational services
– Standards for interoperable information & data
exchange
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Example of research with the NVO
Cluster Galaxy Morphology Analysis
Integrating Grid-based data archives
and computations
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Galaxy Morphology: Science Goals
• Investigate the dynamical state of galaxy clusters
• Study galaxy evolution within context of large-scale
structure
• Use galaxy morphology as probe of dynamical history:
For each galaxy in cluster, calculate three morphological parameters:
• Surface Brightness
• Concentration Index
• Asymmetry Index
Compare parameters with other previously measured indicators:
magnitude, color, peculiar velocity, position in cluster, x-ray gas emission
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Galaxy Morphology: Procedure
1.
Choose a cluster
2.
Obtain images of cluster from the optical & x-ray bands
shows 2 views of the large-scale structure of cluster
3.
Create a catalog of galaxies in the cluster
collect interesting properties of galaxies from existing catalogs
4.
Obtain images of individual galaxies
“cutouts” from larger images using cutout service
5.
Calculate morphology parameters from image cutouts
6.
Merge calculated values into galaxy catalog
7.
Visualize the results
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Enabling Standards & Technologies
• Data Formats
– FITS – an existing standard for astronomical images & tables
– VOTable – an XML schema for transmitting astronomical tables
• Data Access Protocols
– Cone Search – for searching catalogs by sky position
– Simple Image Access (SIA) – to search for/create images based on sky
position
HTTP Get Queries
return VOTable documents
prototypes!
• Grid Technologies
– Chimera & Pegasus – virtual data catalog and workflow management
• Replica Catalog Service – built-in caching of results on the grid
– Condor
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
How it works
Cluster Galaxy Morphology Analysis Portal
User’s Machine
1. User selects
a cluster
web
browser
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
How it works
Cluster Galaxy Morphology Analysis Portal
2. Look up cluster
in internally stored
catalog
clusters
User’s Machine
1. User selects
a cluster
web
browser
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
How it works
Chandra SIA
3. X-ray and Optical
Images retrieved
via SIA interface
Skyview SIA
DSS SIA
Cluster Galaxy Morphology Analysis Portal
2. Look up cluster
in internally stored
catalog
clusters
User’s Machine
1. User selects
a cluster
web
browser
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
How it works
Chandra SIA
3. X-ray and Optical
Images retrieved
via SIA interface
Skyview SIA
DSS SIA
Cluster Galaxy Morphology Analysis Portal
2. Look up cluster
in internally stored
catalog
clusters
User’s Machine
1. User selects
a cluster
4. User launches
grid-based
analysis
web
browser
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
How it works
Chandra SIA
3. X-ray and Optical
Images retrieved
via SIA interface
Skyview SIA
NED Cone Search
CADC CNOC Cone Search
5. Initial Galaxy Catalog
generated via Cone Search
DSS SIA
Cluster Galaxy Morphology Analysis Portal
2. Look up cluster
in internally stored
catalog
clusters
User’s Machine
1. User selects
a cluster
4. User launches
grid-based
analysis
web
browser
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
How it works
Chandra SIA
3. X-ray and Optical
Images retrieved
via SIA interface
Skyview SIA
NED Cone Search
CADC CNOC Cone Search
5. Initial Galaxy Catalog
generated via Cone Search
DSS SIA
Cluster Galaxy Morphology Analysis Portal
2. Look up cluster
in internally stored
catalog
DSS SIA
CNOC SIA
6. Image cutout
pointers merged
into catalog
clusters
User’s Machine
1. User selects
a cluster
4. User launches
grid-based
analysis
web
browser
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
How it works
Chandra SIA
3. X-ray and Optical
Images retrieved
via SIA interface
Skyview SIA
NED Cone Search
CADC CNOC Cone Search
5. Initial Galaxy Catalog
generated via Cone Search
DSS SIA
Cluster Galaxy Morphology Analysis Portal
2. Look up cluster
in internally stored
catalog
DSS SIA
CNOC SIA
6. Image cutout
pointers merged
into catalog
clusters
Morphology Calculation
Service
User’s Machine
1. User selects
a cluster
4. User launches
grid-based
analysis
7. Morphological parameters
calculated on grid for each galaxy
web
browser
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
How it works
Chandra SIA
3. X-ray and Optical
Images retrieved
via SIA interface
Skyview SIA
NED Cone Search
CADC CNOC Cone Search
5. Initial Galaxy Catalog
generated via Cone Search
DSS SIA
Cluster Galaxy Morphology Analysis Portal
2. Look up cluster
in internally stored
catalog
DSS SIA
CNOC SIA
6. Image cutout
pointers merged
into catalog
clusters
Morphology Calculation
Service
User’s Machine
1. User selects
a cluster
4. User launches
grid-based
analysis
web
browser
7. Morphological parameters
calculated on grid for each galaxy
8. User downloads final table and
images for analysis, visualization
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Global Climate Change
Major Global Climate Change Concerns
• Climate Change (“Global Warming”)
• Stratospheric ozone depletion
• Impacts on global air quality
• Biodiversity and biospheric changes
Scientific requirements to resolve uncertainty and
develop meaningful policy
• Require extensive use of large datasets from
numerical models & many observational programs
• Require extensive international coordination in the
development and analysis of these datasets
Climate change as our example
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Climate change is one of the biggest
issues confronting humanity in the 21st
century



Climate is the averaged trend of weather,
or the typically expected conditions
Heat trapping gases emitted from human
activities are driving significant changes in
the climate
Climate change magnifies existing health,
environmental and social problems
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Evaluation of the Change in Annual Global Temperature
Natural forcing only
Human forcing only
Temperature anomalies =
change in temperature
relative to 1880-1920
All forcings
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Projected Global
Surface
Temperature
Response:
~ 1.5 to 5.8 °C
by 2100
Relative to 1990
Ensemble of Climate Models
Derived Change in Annual
Temperature for 2071-2100
relative to 1961-1990
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Concerns about
Impacts of Climate
Change are at the
Local to Regional
Level
Also winds
and
severe weather events
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Assessing Regional Climate Effects
• Impacts happen locally -- Regional analyses of climate change
are essential to evaluating impacts
• Outputs from the large scale climate model are not adequate
– Global climate projections better understood than regional effects.
– Global models have grids of roughly 200 km x 200 km or bigger
– Need analyses to 10 to 30 km to capture local variations and impacts
• A complete assessment of climate change on human,
ecological, and other systems is complicated by other stresses
on these systems – many of which are human-related
– Multiple approaches and datasets need to be considered
• Dynamical downscaling approaches are being developed
– Regional scale models at the 10-50 km resolution or incorporation of
nested grids at this resolution into global models
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Large datasets need to be shared to
resolve global change issues
Modeling
Dataset
User
Measurement
dataset
User
NCAR
UIUC
Russia
China
User
Satellite
Dataset
User
User
This requires Gbps capacity
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Richard M. Crutcher
Professor of Astronomy, University of Illinois
and
Senior Associate Director for Applications,
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
email: [email protected]
National Center for Supercomputing Applications