(SPARC) (Thomas Peter, ETH Zurich)
... Discrepancy between what the report says in terms of understanding and what is in models: • we need to show modelling groups why stratosphere is relevant if they are going to commit resources • need to provide information in user friendly way for IPCC report (calculate forcings, give advice on model ...
... Discrepancy between what the report says in terms of understanding and what is in models: • we need to show modelling groups why stratosphere is relevant if they are going to commit resources • need to provide information in user friendly way for IPCC report (calculate forcings, give advice on model ...
BCC Syllabus
... • Explain and evaluate how people and ecosystems can adapt to climate Responses and Adaptation change impacts on water resources • Apply best practices for water resource and watershed protection to effectively adapt to climate change 3.3. Principles and Practice of Climate ...
... • Explain and evaluate how people and ecosystems can adapt to climate Responses and Adaptation change impacts on water resources • Apply best practices for water resource and watershed protection to effectively adapt to climate change 3.3. Principles and Practice of Climate ...
1 Conflict and Accommodation in International Environmental
... capacities, and whose preferences for forms of governance may vary across issues. Elsewhere we have argued that it is useful to distinguish two forms of international regimes, market enabling and regulatory regimes (Levy & Egan, 1998). Business is generally supportive of international institutions r ...
... capacities, and whose preferences for forms of governance may vary across issues. Elsewhere we have argued that it is useful to distinguish two forms of international regimes, market enabling and regulatory regimes (Levy & Egan, 1998). Business is generally supportive of international institutions r ...
Present-day and future Antarctic ice sheet climate and surface mass
... sea level rise (Vaughan et al. 2013). Despite its remote location, being surrounded by the Southern Ocean, the ice sheet is nevertheless sensitive to recent climate change. For example, West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula are among the fastest warming regions on Earth (Vaughan et al. 2003; B ...
... sea level rise (Vaughan et al. 2013). Despite its remote location, being surrounded by the Southern Ocean, the ice sheet is nevertheless sensitive to recent climate change. For example, West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula are among the fastest warming regions on Earth (Vaughan et al. 2003; B ...
Authors from Canada, Russia, Norway, USA to be found by M
... Addressing this concern requires the capability to observe and predict air quality at scales from local to regional to global. The coupling of hemispheric, regional and local air pollution needs further investigation to determine the extent to which population exposure to air pollution is of transbo ...
... Addressing this concern requires the capability to observe and predict air quality at scales from local to regional to global. The coupling of hemispheric, regional and local air pollution needs further investigation to determine the extent to which population exposure to air pollution is of transbo ...
Wind stress curl
... • Many studies using high resolution (eddy-permitting) ocean models that show an improved simulation of the ocean (mean state and variability) • More complex to show how increased ocean resolution directly impacts on simulation of climate (e.g. atmosphere/land where people live) – may well need suff ...
... • Many studies using high resolution (eddy-permitting) ocean models that show an improved simulation of the ocean (mean state and variability) • More complex to show how increased ocean resolution directly impacts on simulation of climate (e.g. atmosphere/land where people live) – may well need suff ...
Impact of Climate Changes on Economic and Agricultural Value
... Pindyck (2007) tested the relationship of change in temperature on GDP growth rate by expecting the long term impact of global warming on future GDP and consumption. However, other authors criticize future uncertainties associated with environment, as we cannot predict the future weather patterns. T ...
... Pindyck (2007) tested the relationship of change in temperature on GDP growth rate by expecting the long term impact of global warming on future GDP and consumption. However, other authors criticize future uncertainties associated with environment, as we cannot predict the future weather patterns. T ...
The Non-Regulatory Alternatives to GHG Regulations
... Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study, Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Barrett, S. (2006a) “Climate Treaties and ‘Breakthrough’ Technologies.” American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 96(2): 2225. Barrett, Scott, (2007), “The Incredible Economics of Ge ...
... Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study, Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Barrett, S. (2006a) “Climate Treaties and ‘Breakthrough’ Technologies.” American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 96(2): 2225. Barrett, Scott, (2007), “The Incredible Economics of Ge ...
An overview of climate change impacts on European viticulture
... (Morgan et al. 1985), which is important for the subsequent years. To better characterize the relationship between winegrapes and climate, several bioclimatic indices have been developed. Using the growing degree sums for a basal temperature of 10°C (degree days), Amerine and Winkler (1944) develope ...
... (Morgan et al. 1985), which is important for the subsequent years. To better characterize the relationship between winegrapes and climate, several bioclimatic indices have been developed. Using the growing degree sums for a basal temperature of 10°C (degree days), Amerine and Winkler (1944) develope ...
Sub-activity 6.1.1 Pressures on environment and
... Sub-activity 6.1.1 Pressures on environment and climate In 2009, support will be given to integrated actions for understanding, analysing and predicting climate change and its impacts, with emphasis on abrupt changes and extreme events. Interactions between climate change, ecosystems and greenhouse ...
... Sub-activity 6.1.1 Pressures on environment and climate In 2009, support will be given to integrated actions for understanding, analysing and predicting climate change and its impacts, with emphasis on abrupt changes and extreme events. Interactions between climate change, ecosystems and greenhouse ...
A Structural Land-Use Analysis of Agricultural Adaptation to Climate
... acreage reports, reliable profit data are scarce and suffer from measurement errors. As noted by Deschênes and Greenstone (2007), the use of land value as a proxy for profit can result in biased estimates due to omitted variables. Moreover, farmland value does not accurately reflect long-term profit ...
... acreage reports, reliable profit data are scarce and suffer from measurement errors. As noted by Deschênes and Greenstone (2007), the use of land value as a proxy for profit can result in biased estimates due to omitted variables. Moreover, farmland value does not accurately reflect long-term profit ...
0302_Hemer_STAR_2010_WindWave
... Repeat runs with other climate model forcing (assess uncertainty) Aiming for follow-on project to provide detailed coastal assessments for specific islands. PCCSP climate model downscaling to 8km at selected PICTs. Use these projections to generate high res wave projections ...
... Repeat runs with other climate model forcing (assess uncertainty) Aiming for follow-on project to provide detailed coastal assessments for specific islands. PCCSP climate model downscaling to 8km at selected PICTs. Use these projections to generate high res wave projections ...
No Regrets Charter
... The latest IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) world climate report emphasises the likelihood of global temperature increases in excess of two degrees. It states that sea levels are rising more rapidly than had previously been predicted. Even if we can stay within the threshold of a two ...
... The latest IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) world climate report emphasises the likelihood of global temperature increases in excess of two degrees. It states that sea levels are rising more rapidly than had previously been predicted. Even if we can stay within the threshold of a two ...
The Coordination and Vertical Integration of Climate Actions AH SM
... climate change impacts caused by atmospheric drivers are the direct local impacts from land based drivers and short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs). Specifically, many communities have become painfully aware of urban heat island costs due to physical land-based drivers of climate change, such as wi ...
... climate change impacts caused by atmospheric drivers are the direct local impacts from land based drivers and short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs). Specifically, many communities have become painfully aware of urban heat island costs due to physical land-based drivers of climate change, such as wi ...
- Wiley Online Library
... James, 2004; Dirmeyer and Brubaker, 2007). These back trajectory methods have the advantage of using existing data sets and are applicable to arbitrary surface areas for studies ranging in temporal scale from storm events to many years. However, they use assumptions that may be broken such as the en ...
... James, 2004; Dirmeyer and Brubaker, 2007). These back trajectory methods have the advantage of using existing data sets and are applicable to arbitrary surface areas for studies ranging in temporal scale from storm events to many years. However, they use assumptions that may be broken such as the en ...
2. Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG) approach
... In particular for workwear, some laundries have on-site wastewater treatment plants. In those cases, the consumption of electricity for operation is included in scope 2. ...
... In particular for workwear, some laundries have on-site wastewater treatment plants. In those cases, the consumption of electricity for operation is included in scope 2. ...
The Quiet Tsunami: The Ecological, Economic, Social, and Political
... timescales of at least tens of thousands of years, and substantial damage to ocean ecosystems can only be avoided by urgent and rapid reductions in global emissions of CO2.” The amount of CO2 that will be released by the end of the century under a business-as-usual scenario will be large and extreme ...
... timescales of at least tens of thousands of years, and substantial damage to ocean ecosystems can only be avoided by urgent and rapid reductions in global emissions of CO2.” The amount of CO2 that will be released by the end of the century under a business-as-usual scenario will be large and extreme ...
3. IPCC`s evaluation of evidence and treatment of uncertainty
... f Magnitude of anthropogenic contributions not assessed. Attribution for these phenomena based on expert judgment rather than formal attribution studies. g Extreme high sea level depends on average sea level and on regional weather systems. It is defined here as the highest 1% of hourly values of ...
... f Magnitude of anthropogenic contributions not assessed. Attribution for these phenomena based on expert judgment rather than formal attribution studies. g Extreme high sea level depends on average sea level and on regional weather systems. It is defined here as the highest 1% of hourly values of ...
Climate Change: Potential Effects on Human Health in New Zealand
... There is now agreement among most climate scientists that the globe has, on average, already begun to warm, probably as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases associated with industrialisation and altered land-use patterns. This is the conclusion of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climat ...
... There is now agreement among most climate scientists that the globe has, on average, already begun to warm, probably as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases associated with industrialisation and altered land-use patterns. This is the conclusion of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climat ...
Full-Text PDF
... consequences are quantified. Moreover, the role of parameterizations can be studied describing sub-grid-scale processes (see below): for example, investigations using alternative parameterizations characterizing the same single process help to assess uncertainties and how these affect the whole syst ...
... consequences are quantified. Moreover, the role of parameterizations can be studied describing sub-grid-scale processes (see below): for example, investigations using alternative parameterizations characterizing the same single process help to assess uncertainties and how these affect the whole syst ...
Sensitivity of Potato Yield to Climate Change
... have been developed by human activity over a long period of time. Accordance of plant demands with the given climatic and environmental conditions for agricultural crops is the most important precondition for high productivity if climatic changes as projected by atmospheric scientists (IPCC) [6 ] ad ...
... have been developed by human activity over a long period of time. Accordance of plant demands with the given climatic and environmental conditions for agricultural crops is the most important precondition for high productivity if climatic changes as projected by atmospheric scientists (IPCC) [6 ] ad ...
Climate Change and its Implications for the Nile Region
... long time periods (i.e. 25 years and longer) and mainly resulting from human activities. By contrast, ‘climate variability’ is used herein to refer to the intra-seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations in climatic parameters. Such variability is complex and hard to predict, and is caused by changes in ...
... long time periods (i.e. 25 years and longer) and mainly resulting from human activities. By contrast, ‘climate variability’ is used herein to refer to the intra-seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations in climatic parameters. Such variability is complex and hard to predict, and is caused by changes in ...
What range of future scenarios should climate change policy be based on? -Modal falsificationism and its limitations
... Because the graph itself does not display the results from all emission scenarios, the range it indicates is slightly smaller than the corresponding range in the TAR (figure 1); but the bars at right, comprising all emission scenarios, span a slightly wider range than in the TAR, namely from 1.1 - 6 ...
... Because the graph itself does not display the results from all emission scenarios, the range it indicates is slightly smaller than the corresponding range in the TAR (figure 1); but the bars at right, comprising all emission scenarios, span a slightly wider range than in the TAR, namely from 1.1 - 6 ...
Species-specific responses of an alpine plant community
... The results of the two sets of analyses, with and without standardization by samples, were similar, suggesting that the N and TN treatments had significant effects on both the overall species composition (non-standardized; P < 0.001 for analyses 1, 2, 4, 5) and that the species responded individuall ...
... The results of the two sets of analyses, with and without standardization by samples, were similar, suggesting that the N and TN treatments had significant effects on both the overall species composition (non-standardized; P < 0.001 for analyses 1, 2, 4, 5) and that the species responded individuall ...
Climate change and the demise of Minoan civilization
... warm pool of surface water sloshes back to cover all tropical Pacific. We now have an El Nino, which is characterized by a large warm spot over the tropical Pacific Ocean. This surface warming is large enough to interact with the atmosphere, which is then modified and brings significant weather chan ...
... warm pool of surface water sloshes back to cover all tropical Pacific. We now have an El Nino, which is characterized by a large warm spot over the tropical Pacific Ocean. This surface warming is large enough to interact with the atmosphere, which is then modified and brings significant weather chan ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.