Climate
... La Niña ENSO also includes La Niña events, stronger-thanaverage phases of the normal pattern, with high pressure off the coast of South America and low pressure in the western Pacific. La Niña events usually follow El Niño, but tend to be less frequent. ENSO is connected with unusual climate ...
... La Niña ENSO also includes La Niña events, stronger-thanaverage phases of the normal pattern, with high pressure off the coast of South America and low pressure in the western Pacific. La Niña events usually follow El Niño, but tend to be less frequent. ENSO is connected with unusual climate ...
HSBC Statement on Climate Change
... • HSBC closely supports the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. The task force is developing voluntary, consistent climate-related disclosures for use by companies in providing information to lenders, insurers, investors and other stakeholders. • HSBC h ...
... • HSBC closely supports the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. The task force is developing voluntary, consistent climate-related disclosures for use by companies in providing information to lenders, insurers, investors and other stakeholders. • HSBC h ...
On the Impact of Weather and Climate on
... survey data from Ethiopia. As we argued earlier, the essence of controlling for both climate and weather factors is to ensure that the full range of adaptation options (to both weather variability and weather change) are taken into account in the Ricardian analysis. While previous studies assume tha ...
... survey data from Ethiopia. As we argued earlier, the essence of controlling for both climate and weather factors is to ensure that the full range of adaptation options (to both weather variability and weather change) are taken into account in the Ricardian analysis. While previous studies assume tha ...
Episodic Ocean-Induced CO2 Greenhouse on Mars: Implications for
... surface temperature. In all cases, except for pulses injected at 1 Ga with 5% water coverage (Fig. 3), the atmosphere eventually collapses, polar caps form, and the atmosphere returns to the buffered regime by the present epoch. In the one exceptional case, the weathering rate is not fast enough to ...
... surface temperature. In all cases, except for pulses injected at 1 Ga with 5% water coverage (Fig. 3), the atmosphere eventually collapses, polar caps form, and the atmosphere returns to the buffered regime by the present epoch. In the one exceptional case, the weathering rate is not fast enough to ...
Risks from Climate Feedbacks
... To avoid the worst effects of climate change, many nations agree global warming should be limited to 2˚C above pre1 industrial levels. Climate feedbacks may cause difficulties when trying to stay within this target, although it remains uncertain to what extent. ...
... To avoid the worst effects of climate change, many nations agree global warming should be limited to 2˚C above pre1 industrial levels. Climate feedbacks may cause difficulties when trying to stay within this target, although it remains uncertain to what extent. ...
Vegetation and Biogeochemical Scenarios (Chapter 2) from the
... Assessment participants. The chapter is not meant to be a comprehensive,in-depth analysis of climate impacts on all aspects of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function. The chapter has two focus areas – biogeochemistry and plant biogeography in natural terrestrial ecosystems. While animal commun ...
... Assessment participants. The chapter is not meant to be a comprehensive,in-depth analysis of climate impacts on all aspects of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function. The chapter has two focus areas – biogeochemistry and plant biogeography in natural terrestrial ecosystems. While animal commun ...
Prediction of Seasonal Forest Fire Severity in
... until at least 12 active stations were found. The interpolated data were then averaged monthly and seasonally. Figure 1 shows the data grid across Canada on an approximate 200-km spacing used in this study. The 169 grid points designated with large dots were used in this study. The SSR has a much la ...
... until at least 12 active stations were found. The interpolated data were then averaged monthly and seasonally. Figure 1 shows the data grid across Canada on an approximate 200-km spacing used in this study. The 169 grid points designated with large dots were used in this study. The SSR has a much la ...
paper
... A review of published evidence and discussions with Highways Agency experts did not produce commonly agreed assumptions on the impact of hotter, drier summers on pavements or structures. Illustrative assumptions were therefore developed by the project team on the basis of “What If” scenarios to test ...
... A review of published evidence and discussions with Highways Agency experts did not produce commonly agreed assumptions on the impact of hotter, drier summers on pavements or structures. Illustrative assumptions were therefore developed by the project team on the basis of “What If” scenarios to test ...
Greenland
... Climate and Climate Change • The average annual temperature in Greenland ranges from 16˚F to 45˚F. • Greenland is the world’s largest island, consisting of 80% ice. It contains 10% of the world’s total supply of fresh water. • Arctic temperatures are rising twice as fast as elsewhere in the world ...
... Climate and Climate Change • The average annual temperature in Greenland ranges from 16˚F to 45˚F. • Greenland is the world’s largest island, consisting of 80% ice. It contains 10% of the world’s total supply of fresh water. • Arctic temperatures are rising twice as fast as elsewhere in the world ...
coming decades, climate change is expected to exacerbate the risks... disasters, not only from more frequent and intense hazard events,...
... to be photographed emerging from a helicopter at a disaster scene. Additionally, one should expect that since global population has quadrupled since 1900, the number of recorded events should increase at least proportionately. Not only are there four times as many people potentially exposed, but the ...
... to be photographed emerging from a helicopter at a disaster scene. Additionally, one should expect that since global population has quadrupled since 1900, the number of recorded events should increase at least proportionately. Not only are there four times as many people potentially exposed, but the ...
Securing ocean benefits for society in the face of climate change
... climate change impacts on the ocean are already evident and likely to worsen with time [9,10]. Atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased by 40% over the last century, and is projected to continue growing into the future under all realistic emission scenarios [11], further increasing pressures on m ...
... climate change impacts on the ocean are already evident and likely to worsen with time [9,10]. Atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased by 40% over the last century, and is projected to continue growing into the future under all realistic emission scenarios [11], further increasing pressures on m ...
Risks and Effects of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Peoples and
... Background For years, global climate change has been the focus of debate and speculation between leading scientists and politicians. The most recent edition of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), released in April 2007, has cleared up much of this doubt. Scientists have determined with ...
... Background For years, global climate change has been the focus of debate and speculation between leading scientists and politicians. The most recent edition of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), released in April 2007, has cleared up much of this doubt. Scientists have determined with ...
INTERREG IIIB ASTRA PROJECT Report on Generation, Use and
... nesting (dynamical) and regression based (statistical) downscaling. The latter is mainly based on empirical relationships between local-scale variables and their large scale predictors. These relationships can be based on a range of mathematical functions and fitting routines (cf. Wilby et al. 2002, ...
... nesting (dynamical) and regression based (statistical) downscaling. The latter is mainly based on empirical relationships between local-scale variables and their large scale predictors. These relationships can be based on a range of mathematical functions and fitting routines (cf. Wilby et al. 2002, ...
vulnerability analysis to climate change in the caribbean belize
... fuel discharge areas, roads and airports – all of key importance to the three national economies. ...
... fuel discharge areas, roads and airports – all of key importance to the three national economies. ...
Demographic Amplification of Climate Change Experienced by the
... Finally, because human population size and distribution have been previously argued to be strongly associated with coastal zones and navigable rivers and only weakly with climate conditions [19] we included distance from waterway (calculated as the shortest distance between the centroid of each coun ...
... Finally, because human population size and distribution have been previously argued to be strongly associated with coastal zones and navigable rivers and only weakly with climate conditions [19] we included distance from waterway (calculated as the shortest distance between the centroid of each coun ...
Impact analysis of climate change for an Alpine catchment using
... balances. While global climate models are designed to describe climate change on global or continental scales, their resolution is too coarse for them to be suitable for describing regional climate change. Therefore, regional climate models are applied to downscale the coarse meteorological fields t ...
... balances. While global climate models are designed to describe climate change on global or continental scales, their resolution is too coarse for them to be suitable for describing regional climate change. Therefore, regional climate models are applied to downscale the coarse meteorological fields t ...
Barry - Climate change publications
... Armstrong. In: Fifth Symposium on Global Change Studies. Preprints. Amer. Met. Soc. Boston, MA: 148-155. Assessment of temperature, precipitation and snow depth variations during the last 100 years in the Former Soviet Union (FSU). J.-M. Fallot and R.G. Barry. In: 62nd Western Snow Conference. ...
... Armstrong. In: Fifth Symposium on Global Change Studies. Preprints. Amer. Met. Soc. Boston, MA: 148-155. Assessment of temperature, precipitation and snow depth variations during the last 100 years in the Former Soviet Union (FSU). J.-M. Fallot and R.G. Barry. In: 62nd Western Snow Conference. ...
CHANGING LAND USE, CLIMATE, AND HYDROLOGY IN THE WINOOSKI
... surfaces increased by 10% and 5%, respectively. Spectral analysis of precipitation, discharge and lake level data show a ~7.6 year periodicity, which is in phase with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO); higher than average precipitation and discharge are most likely when the NAO is in a positive m ...
... surfaces increased by 10% and 5%, respectively. Spectral analysis of precipitation, discharge and lake level data show a ~7.6 year periodicity, which is in phase with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO); higher than average precipitation and discharge are most likely when the NAO is in a positive m ...
- ROAR - University of East London
... signals of climate change are ever manifested in enhanced frequency and heightened intensity of extreme weather conditions such as droughts, floods, storms, hurricanes, and heat waves. Warmer temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, sea level rise, and melting glaciers are broad signifiers of ...
... signals of climate change are ever manifested in enhanced frequency and heightened intensity of extreme weather conditions such as droughts, floods, storms, hurricanes, and heat waves. Warmer temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, sea level rise, and melting glaciers are broad signifiers of ...
Temperate Grassland Responses to Climate
... increase in temperature always increased soil respiration more than NPP, even at high LAI. The result was a net loss of soil carbon, which occurred rapidly for a few years and then progressed slowly until a new lower equilibrium total system carbon level (Csys) was reached, when soil respiration was ...
... increase in temperature always increased soil respiration more than NPP, even at high LAI. The result was a net loss of soil carbon, which occurred rapidly for a few years and then progressed slowly until a new lower equilibrium total system carbon level (Csys) was reached, when soil respiration was ...
climate change, small island developing States
... using resources of their own and those obtained from multilateral and bilateral sources, SIDS have been able to undertake a number of important activities designed not only to meet their reporting obligations under the Convention, but also to take early action in the area of climate change. SIDS hav ...
... using resources of their own and those obtained from multilateral and bilateral sources, SIDS have been able to undertake a number of important activities designed not only to meet their reporting obligations under the Convention, but also to take early action in the area of climate change. SIDS hav ...
Multi-Basin Modelling of Future Hydrological Fluxes in the Indian
... While RCMs transfer the large-scale information from GCMs to scales which are closer to the basin scale (10–50 km), the output often shows large bias in the magnitude and spatial distribution of precipitation and, to a lesser extent, temperature [15]. RCM data are, therefore, not considered to be di ...
... While RCMs transfer the large-scale information from GCMs to scales which are closer to the basin scale (10–50 km), the output often shows large bias in the magnitude and spatial distribution of precipitation and, to a lesser extent, temperature [15]. RCM data are, therefore, not considered to be di ...
Cooling the Earth with Crops
... grasses around 0.19–0.27 and coniferous forest lower at 0.11–0.14.12 Therefore an increase in the surface albedo via a change from trees to grasses gives an albedo cooling effect. The size of the albedo feedback can be large, especially for changes between snow covered and non-snow covered surfaces. ...
... grasses around 0.19–0.27 and coniferous forest lower at 0.11–0.14.12 Therefore an increase in the surface albedo via a change from trees to grasses gives an albedo cooling effect. The size of the albedo feedback can be large, especially for changes between snow covered and non-snow covered surfaces. ...
Gregory and Forster - University of Leeds
... negative forcing, offsetting a substantial part of the positive greenhouse-gas forcing. Volcanic aerosol has an episodically large negative forcing, following explosive eruptions, such as those of Krakatau (1883), Agung (1963), El Chichon (1982) and Pinatubo (1991); after each, it decays over a few ...
... negative forcing, offsetting a substantial part of the positive greenhouse-gas forcing. Volcanic aerosol has an episodically large negative forcing, following explosive eruptions, such as those of Krakatau (1883), Agung (1963), El Chichon (1982) and Pinatubo (1991); after each, it decays over a few ...
The Risk of Sea Level Rise: A Delphic Monte Carlo Analysis in
... polar ice sheets had not been completely modeled when we began our effort. Models were available, for example, that showed the potential impact of ice-shelf melting on the Antarctic contribution to sea level; but we had to develop equations to express the impact of global warming on the ice shelf me ...
... polar ice sheets had not been completely modeled when we began our effort. Models were available, for example, that showed the potential impact of ice-shelf melting on the Antarctic contribution to sea level; but we had to develop equations to express the impact of global warming on the ice shelf me ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.