Gregory and Forster - University of Leeds
... negative forcing, offsetting a substantial part of the positive greenhouse-gas forcing. Volcanic aerosol has an episodically large negative forcing, following explosive eruptions, such as those of Krakatau (1883), Agung (1963), El Chichon (1982) and Pinatubo (1991); after each, it decays over a few ...
... negative forcing, offsetting a substantial part of the positive greenhouse-gas forcing. Volcanic aerosol has an episodically large negative forcing, following explosive eruptions, such as those of Krakatau (1883), Agung (1963), El Chichon (1982) and Pinatubo (1991); after each, it decays over a few ...
(Michael Oppenheimer) (January 2014)
... Editorial Board, Environmental Research Letters Executive Committee, Program in Sustainable Energy, Princeton University Board of Directors, Climate Central Advisory Board to NJDEP commissioner on establishing an SAB Coordinating Lead Author, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Special Report ...
... Editorial Board, Environmental Research Letters Executive Committee, Program in Sustainable Energy, Princeton University Board of Directors, Climate Central Advisory Board to NJDEP commissioner on establishing an SAB Coordinating Lead Author, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Special Report ...
Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: a review
... towards the hotter part of the distribution; here, we would see near constant cold (and record cold) weather, but increases in hot (and record hot weather). Climate variability already has substantial impacts on biological systems and on the smallholders, communities and countries which depend on th ...
... towards the hotter part of the distribution; here, we would see near constant cold (and record cold) weather, but increases in hot (and record hot weather). Climate variability already has substantial impacts on biological systems and on the smallholders, communities and countries which depend on th ...
Seed dressing systemic insecticides and honeybees: a challenge for
... nearly the entire ice cover experienced some degree of surface melting (NASA, 2012). The extreme melt event coincided with an unusually strong ridge of warm air over Greenland. The ridge was one of a series that dominated Greenland's weather in the summer of 2012. Ice core data suggest that large-sc ...
... nearly the entire ice cover experienced some degree of surface melting (NASA, 2012). The extreme melt event coincided with an unusually strong ridge of warm air over Greenland. The ridge was one of a series that dominated Greenland's weather in the summer of 2012. Ice core data suggest that large-sc ...
Mid-Pliocene Westerlies from PlioMIP Simulations
... analyzed the behavior and the possible mechanism involved in the change of the westerlies, mainly in terms of the jet stream position, in the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.3 to 3.0 million years ago) using simulations of 15 climate models from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). Comp ...
... analyzed the behavior and the possible mechanism involved in the change of the westerlies, mainly in terms of the jet stream position, in the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.3 to 3.0 million years ago) using simulations of 15 climate models from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). Comp ...
Vegetation–climate feedbacks modulate rainfall patterns in Africa
... of forests versus savannah and grassland may feed back to climate via shifts in the surface energy balance, hydrological cycle and resultant effects on surface pressure and larger-scale atmospheric circulation. We used a regional Earth system model incorporating interactive vegetation–atmosphere cou ...
... of forests versus savannah and grassland may feed back to climate via shifts in the surface energy balance, hydrological cycle and resultant effects on surface pressure and larger-scale atmospheric circulation. We used a regional Earth system model incorporating interactive vegetation–atmosphere cou ...
Document
... led to the destruction of the natural habitat of indigenous fauna. This destruction and the use of this fauna as food led in turn to the extinction of indigenous species. In the seventeenth century, these ecological changes resulted in famine, war and cannibalism. Ultimately, the famous statues bec ...
... led to the destruction of the natural habitat of indigenous fauna. This destruction and the use of this fauna as food led in turn to the extinction of indigenous species. In the seventeenth century, these ecological changes resulted in famine, war and cannibalism. Ultimately, the famous statues bec ...
Cities and Climate Change: Adaptation in London, UK - UN
... The number of people and assets in the flood risk areas can be analysed to determine who and what is at risk. This analysis shows that there are 1.25 million people, 481,180 properties, 441 schools, 75 underground stations and 49 railway stations located in areas of tidal and fluvial flood risk.4 A ...
... The number of people and assets in the flood risk areas can be analysed to determine who and what is at risk. This analysis shows that there are 1.25 million people, 481,180 properties, 441 schools, 75 underground stations and 49 railway stations located in areas of tidal and fluvial flood risk.4 A ...
Likely Impacts on New Zealand Agriculture
... Global climate models indicate that New Zealand is likely to warm by only about two-thirds of the global mean temperature change that will be experienced in coming decades. This is largely because our climate is controlled by the South Pacific and Antarctic Oceans, which respond only slowly to globa ...
... Global climate models indicate that New Zealand is likely to warm by only about two-thirds of the global mean temperature change that will be experienced in coming decades. This is largely because our climate is controlled by the South Pacific and Antarctic Oceans, which respond only slowly to globa ...
Print - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... processes. The bullet points below offer insights into a changing climate are thusly derived for Guatemala ...
... processes. The bullet points below offer insights into a changing climate are thusly derived for Guatemala ...
Booth et al. 2013. CC Adaptation to Protect Biodiversity
... based around the concept of planning for three possible schematic futures. These were: a ‘recovery’ scenario, that involves climatic conditions changing but returning to those similar to the present within 200 years; a ‘stabilization’ scenario, that anticipates change, but in which conditions stabil ...
... based around the concept of planning for three possible schematic futures. These were: a ‘recovery’ scenario, that involves climatic conditions changing but returning to those similar to the present within 200 years; a ‘stabilization’ scenario, that anticipates change, but in which conditions stabil ...
the united states` next generation of atmospheric composition and
... A-Q4: How can observations from space improve air quality forecasts and assessments for societal benefit? This science question directly reflects the air quality objective as stated in the DS, “to satisfy basic research and operational needs for air quality assessment and forecasting to support air ...
... A-Q4: How can observations from space improve air quality forecasts and assessments for societal benefit? This science question directly reflects the air quality objective as stated in the DS, “to satisfy basic research and operational needs for air quality assessment and forecasting to support air ...
Waste - Cumbria County Council
... being taken to address this problem with improved flood defences, new pumping equipment and innovative appliance design, issues such as training, access to water rescue craft and helicopter support may need to be reviewed with this in mind. These events may also create an increased demand for short ...
... being taken to address this problem with improved flood defences, new pumping equipment and innovative appliance design, issues such as training, access to water rescue craft and helicopter support may need to be reviewed with this in mind. These events may also create an increased demand for short ...
rapid climate change
... heat conveyor produces a substantially warmer climate in western Europe than would otherwise be the case. The models also show that increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may cause the circulation to slow, and according to the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment R ...
... heat conveyor produces a substantially warmer climate in western Europe than would otherwise be the case. The models also show that increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may cause the circulation to slow, and according to the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment R ...
how big business is funding climate change denial in the 113th
... million to climate deniers since 2008, more than 25 percent of its total campaign funding. AT&T has given more money to deniers than even the Koch brothers and ExxonMobil have provided. It’s a record that gives unintended meaning to AT&T’s new corporate slogan: “Mobilizing Your World.” AT&T is mobil ...
... million to climate deniers since 2008, more than 25 percent of its total campaign funding. AT&T has given more money to deniers than even the Koch brothers and ExxonMobil have provided. It’s a record that gives unintended meaning to AT&T’s new corporate slogan: “Mobilizing Your World.” AT&T is mobil ...
A blind expert test of contrarian claims about climate data
... participants are unaware of the nature of the stimuli or experimental manipulation, are common practice to eliminate contributions of participant bias. In a previous blind study involving climate data, naı̈ve participants were shown graphs with the global temperature time series: it was found that i ...
... participants are unaware of the nature of the stimuli or experimental manipulation, are common practice to eliminate contributions of participant bias. In a previous blind study involving climate data, naı̈ve participants were shown graphs with the global temperature time series: it was found that i ...
trilateral strategy - Common Wadden Sea Secretariat
... Continue and further strengthen TG-C activities, including exchange of best practices. 4. Flexibility There is considerable uncertainty about climate change and its impacts regarding direction, timing and magnitude (e.g. plausible sea level rise projections vary among 0.2 and 1.4 m). These uncerta ...
... Continue and further strengthen TG-C activities, including exchange of best practices. 4. Flexibility There is considerable uncertainty about climate change and its impacts regarding direction, timing and magnitude (e.g. plausible sea level rise projections vary among 0.2 and 1.4 m). These uncerta ...
NPS Climate Change Scenario Planning (CCSP) Workshop
... Each group started by considering potential drivers in the context of their certainty and importance (Table 1). These critical forces were initially termed “climate drivers,” but when this caused confusion regarding cause and effect – given that these forces do not drive climate, but are driven by i ...
... Each group started by considering potential drivers in the context of their certainty and importance (Table 1). These critical forces were initially termed “climate drivers,” but when this caused confusion regarding cause and effect – given that these forces do not drive climate, but are driven by i ...
Infosylva Special COP 17
... A patch of rainforest in Rwanda that served as a refuge during the country's genocide has been all but destroyed. Saving what remains could depend on the outcome of climate talks in Durban. Climate targets 'risk' from Brazil's forest changes BBC, 07/12/11 Brazil's new Forest Code means it will strug ...
... A patch of rainforest in Rwanda that served as a refuge during the country's genocide has been all but destroyed. Saving what remains could depend on the outcome of climate talks in Durban. Climate targets 'risk' from Brazil's forest changes BBC, 07/12/11 Brazil's new Forest Code means it will strug ...
A Preventable Crisis: El Niño and La Niña events need earlier
... • Underlying this is chronic poverty, high inequality and poor governance. Rain-fed agriculture accounts for more than 95 percent of farmed land in sub-Saharan Africa and 90 percent in Latin America,2 where unpredictable rain patterns and drought are increasing due to climate change—yet many governm ...
... • Underlying this is chronic poverty, high inequality and poor governance. Rain-fed agriculture accounts for more than 95 percent of farmed land in sub-Saharan Africa and 90 percent in Latin America,2 where unpredictable rain patterns and drought are increasing due to climate change—yet many governm ...
IPCC reasons for concern regarding climate change risks
... because they are not strongly dependent on future emissions. In addition, on average, the frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation events over land will likely increase over much of the world (Supplementary Section 4.2). A reduction in return period for historical once-in-20-year precipitation ...
... because they are not strongly dependent on future emissions. In addition, on average, the frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation events over land will likely increase over much of the world (Supplementary Section 4.2). A reduction in return period for historical once-in-20-year precipitation ...
Climate Change and the Cryosphere
... Ice plays a critical role in shaping our planet’s environment. Ice reflects a share of the sun’s heat back into space, cooling the planet. Ice holds large parts of the world’s freshwater supplies, and is a vital part of the ecosystems that sustain both human life and wildlife. Earth’s ice cover is c ...
... Ice plays a critical role in shaping our planet’s environment. Ice reflects a share of the sun’s heat back into space, cooling the planet. Ice holds large parts of the world’s freshwater supplies, and is a vital part of the ecosystems that sustain both human life and wildlife. Earth’s ice cover is c ...
Spanning `not-implausiblea futures to assess relative vulnerability to
... systems that will, in fact, be the subject of such careful analysis across the full range of plausible futures is coming to the fore as a critical issue. This paper o!ers the framework of a simple method designed speci"cally to help the research community come to grips with this selection issue. It ...
... systems that will, in fact, be the subject of such careful analysis across the full range of plausible futures is coming to the fore as a critical issue. This paper o!ers the framework of a simple method designed speci"cally to help the research community come to grips with this selection issue. It ...
U.S. Global Change Research Program · 1717 Pennsylvania... Washington, D.C. 20006 USA · 1-202-223-6262 (voice) ·...
... The Earth’s climate is changing. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of this issue, stating with “very high confidence” that human activities such as fossil fuel burning and de ...
... The Earth’s climate is changing. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of this issue, stating with “very high confidence” that human activities such as fossil fuel burning and de ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.