The Role of Developing Countries in the Continuation of the Kyoto
... developed country, the population would be small relative to global population, and a higher per capita emission could still result in a low total emission value. However, a country with an extremely high population may have a low per capita emission level but would still have high total emissions. ...
... developed country, the population would be small relative to global population, and a higher per capita emission could still result in a low total emission value. However, a country with an extremely high population may have a low per capita emission level but would still have high total emissions. ...
PDF Download
... commercial system of emission trading and if they improve their energy efficiency, overall consumption in Europe would drop, no doubt. If the offer is considered as a permanent factor, other consumer countries like China could use more fossil energy at lower prices – which means that the sum total o ...
... commercial system of emission trading and if they improve their energy efficiency, overall consumption in Europe would drop, no doubt. If the offer is considered as a permanent factor, other consumer countries like China could use more fossil energy at lower prices – which means that the sum total o ...
Public Perception of Climate Risk: The Case of Greece
... associated flooding, storms, hurricanes, high temperature, heat waves, lack of precipitation and draughts result in hazards that frequently happen over the past years [4,6]. These hazards are expected to take place more often in many parts of Europe, affecting European regions in different ways as r ...
... associated flooding, storms, hurricanes, high temperature, heat waves, lack of precipitation and draughts result in hazards that frequently happen over the past years [4,6]. These hazards are expected to take place more often in many parts of Europe, affecting European regions in different ways as r ...
Download country chapter
... sea grass beds, while wetlands are particularly prevalent in Northern Belize. Although Belize estimates that its current population of around 340,000 may double within the decade, the country has one of the lowest population densities in Central America. Belize’s Second National Communication (SNC) ...
... sea grass beds, while wetlands are particularly prevalent in Northern Belize. Although Belize estimates that its current population of around 340,000 may double within the decade, the country has one of the lowest population densities in Central America. Belize’s Second National Communication (SNC) ...
USA–NPN Attributed Publications - USA National Phenology Network
... Fleishman, E. et al. Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwestern US. National Climate Assessment, Southwest Climate Alliance (2013). Haggerty, B. P., Matthews, E. R., Gerst, K. L., Evenden, A. G. & Mazer, S. J. The California Phenology Project: Tracking Plant Responses to Climate Change. BioOne ...
... Fleishman, E. et al. Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwestern US. National Climate Assessment, Southwest Climate Alliance (2013). Haggerty, B. P., Matthews, E. R., Gerst, K. L., Evenden, A. G. & Mazer, S. J. The California Phenology Project: Tracking Plant Responses to Climate Change. BioOne ...
PDF
... one needs to consider the completeness of that estimate. Damage cost estimates are incomplete. There are reasons to assume that some of the omitted impacts are substantial and negative, but other omitted impacts may be positive. This paper does not argue “we don’t know and therefore …”. Rather, it ...
... one needs to consider the completeness of that estimate. Damage cost estimates are incomplete. There are reasons to assume that some of the omitted impacts are substantial and negative, but other omitted impacts may be positive. This paper does not argue “we don’t know and therefore …”. Rather, it ...
LCCARL265_en.pdf
... In 1886, the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius predicted that CO2 emissions from anthropogenic activities would accumulate in the atmosphere, causing a warming of the earth´s surface by the greenhouse effect (Arrhenius, 1886). Since then, atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (together with methane and ...
... In 1886, the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius predicted that CO2 emissions from anthropogenic activities would accumulate in the atmosphere, causing a warming of the earth´s surface by the greenhouse effect (Arrhenius, 1886). Since then, atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (together with methane and ...
5.3.2 Glaciers
... Data from satellite monitoring (NESDIS-database at NOAA) from 1966 to 2005 show that monthly snow-cover extent in the Northern Hemisphere is decreasing at a rate of 1.3% per decade (Fig. 5.3.3.2), with the strongest retreat in spring (Fig. 5.3.3.1) and summer (UNEP, 2007). It has declined in all mon ...
... Data from satellite monitoring (NESDIS-database at NOAA) from 1966 to 2005 show that monthly snow-cover extent in the Northern Hemisphere is decreasing at a rate of 1.3% per decade (Fig. 5.3.3.2), with the strongest retreat in spring (Fig. 5.3.3.1) and summer (UNEP, 2007). It has declined in all mon ...
Summary
... Loss and damage which broadly refers to things beyond adaptation and include elements such as insurance and compensation. The submission observed that it was important for the developed countries to demonstrate leadership because they bore most of the causes associated with climate change due to the ...
... Loss and damage which broadly refers to things beyond adaptation and include elements such as insurance and compensation. The submission observed that it was important for the developed countries to demonstrate leadership because they bore most of the causes associated with climate change due to the ...
Full text
... issues is vital. This is because rising temperatures, rising sea levels will cause flooding, salinity. As a result, water affects agriculture, creating great risks for industry and socio-economic institutions in future. The impact of climate change in Vietnam has become clear than ever, with evidenc ...
... issues is vital. This is because rising temperatures, rising sea levels will cause flooding, salinity. As a result, water affects agriculture, creating great risks for industry and socio-economic institutions in future. The impact of climate change in Vietnam has become clear than ever, with evidenc ...
Robust Sahel drying in response to late 20th century forcings
... is derived by comparing the observed 1930 –1999 Sahel drying with the XX-PI difference. The former is 1.1 mm day 1 (25% over 70 years), the latter is, on average, 0.3 mm day 1 (8%), indicating that perhaps a third of the longterm drying was externally forced (or more, considering possible amplificat ...
... is derived by comparing the observed 1930 –1999 Sahel drying with the XX-PI difference. The former is 1.1 mm day 1 (25% over 70 years), the latter is, on average, 0.3 mm day 1 (8%), indicating that perhaps a third of the longterm drying was externally forced (or more, considering possible amplificat ...
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
... identified climate change as one of the two most important challenges facing society in the 21st century — the other is “the conditions of the return of the religious in most of our societies” (McNicoll 2008). And U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has declared that climate change is “the defining c ...
... identified climate change as one of the two most important challenges facing society in the 21st century — the other is “the conditions of the return of the religious in most of our societies” (McNicoll 2008). And U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has declared that climate change is “the defining c ...
What Do Editorial Cartoons about the 21st United
... 2010).28 A golden billion of the world’s population—that is, developed countries—exploit the lion's share of all the richest deposits of planetary resources; developed countries consider undeveloped nations a raw material appendage area for dumping their toxic waste and as a factory of cheap labor ( ...
... 2010).28 A golden billion of the world’s population—that is, developed countries—exploit the lion's share of all the richest deposits of planetary resources; developed countries consider undeveloped nations a raw material appendage area for dumping their toxic waste and as a factory of cheap labor ( ...
population dynamics and climate change - 12
... human activity” (IPCC, 2007). However the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines it as “a change of climate that is attributable directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate va ...
... human activity” (IPCC, 2007). However the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines it as “a change of climate that is attributable directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate va ...
Variability and Triggering Factors of Observed Global Mean Land
... From a conceptual point of view it is assumed that global warming leads to higher evaporation rates and increases the water-holding capacity of the atmosphere. Therefore the atmospheric moisture content should increase followed by enhanced precipitation (Trenberth, ...
... From a conceptual point of view it is assumed that global warming leads to higher evaporation rates and increases the water-holding capacity of the atmosphere. Therefore the atmospheric moisture content should increase followed by enhanced precipitation (Trenberth, ...
On the tropical origin of uncertainties in the global land precipitation
... domains are considered like in the present study. Moreover, more homogeneous datasets have also been explored: the CRUT2v surface air temperature climatology (Jones and Moberg 2003) that includes variance adjustment due to changing station density over the 1870–2004 period, as well as the Hulme et a ...
... domains are considered like in the present study. Moreover, more homogeneous datasets have also been explored: the CRUT2v surface air temperature climatology (Jones and Moberg 2003) that includes variance adjustment due to changing station density over the 1870–2004 period, as well as the Hulme et a ...
ITU-T in a Nutshell
... “Climate change is the defining challenge of our era. ITU’s work to cut greenhouse gas emissions, develop standards and use ‘e-environment’ systems can speed up the global shift to a low-carbon economy. Ban Ki-moon United Nations Secretary-General, 12 November ...
... “Climate change is the defining challenge of our era. ITU’s work to cut greenhouse gas emissions, develop standards and use ‘e-environment’ systems can speed up the global shift to a low-carbon economy. Ban Ki-moon United Nations Secretary-General, 12 November ...
International Journal of Web Information Systems
... future), (fight,climate), (blind,spot), (solar,power), (challenging,political), (political, climate), (cloudy,picture), (extreme,heat), (climate,risks), (climate,justice), (conservation, measures), (global,forest), (forest,carbon), (carbon,balance), (flood,risk), (challenging, climate), (carbon,budg ...
... future), (fight,climate), (blind,spot), (solar,power), (challenging,political), (political, climate), (cloudy,picture), (extreme,heat), (climate,risks), (climate,justice), (conservation, measures), (global,forest), (forest,carbon), (carbon,balance), (flood,risk), (challenging, climate), (carbon,budg ...
rapid climate change
... of the planet’s climate system and the likelihood of abrupt changes to it. Nations are not responding quickly to the risk of global warming but the UK research community is taking an international lead in this area. ...
... of the planet’s climate system and the likelihood of abrupt changes to it. Nations are not responding quickly to the risk of global warming but the UK research community is taking an international lead in this area. ...
Historical and future quantification of terrestrial carbon
... of such events. In LPJ-GUESS, large stand-clearing forest fires, as the globally most important form of natural disturbance (Sitch et al., 2003), are modeled prognostically following Thonicke et al. (2001). Other forms of natural disturbance, such as insect outbreaks and wind-throw are represented as ...
... of such events. In LPJ-GUESS, large stand-clearing forest fires, as the globally most important form of natural disturbance (Sitch et al., 2003), are modeled prognostically following Thonicke et al. (2001). Other forms of natural disturbance, such as insect outbreaks and wind-throw are represented as ...
Moana Ola Pasifika Public Health Network Submission on New
... facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding of New Zealand’s post-2020 climate change contribution under the UNFCCC. We refer to the information contained in the discussion document and in the government’s recent Sixth National Communication to the UNFCCC. 16 New Zealand’s post-2020 target fo ...
... facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding of New Zealand’s post-2020 climate change contribution under the UNFCCC. We refer to the information contained in the discussion document and in the government’s recent Sixth National Communication to the UNFCCC. 16 New Zealand’s post-2020 target fo ...
Pacific Islands Framework for Action on Climate Change
... In 2007 the Pacific Islands Leaders called on the international community to reach agreement urgently on an effective global response to deliver on the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC to avoid dangerous levels of interference with the climate system, including further commitments in the future by a ...
... In 2007 the Pacific Islands Leaders called on the international community to reach agreement urgently on an effective global response to deliver on the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC to avoid dangerous levels of interference with the climate system, including further commitments in the future by a ...
off the charts: 2013 was australia`s hottest year
... El Niño years are normally warmer than usual, while La Niña years are cooler. Over the past decade all years except one (2011) have recorded annual mean temperatures above average. Australian land surface temperatures have risen by about 1°C over the past century, with most of the rise occurring sin ...
... El Niño years are normally warmer than usual, while La Niña years are cooler. Over the past decade all years except one (2011) have recorded annual mean temperatures above average. Australian land surface temperatures have risen by about 1°C over the past century, with most of the rise occurring sin ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.