md529e
... contribute to the eradication of poverty. FAO works closely with many of the world’s most vulnerable populations, especially in Africa, to help them increase their agricultural productivity, while ensuring that the natural resources they depend on are not over exploited or depleted. Agriculture not ...
... contribute to the eradication of poverty. FAO works closely with many of the world’s most vulnerable populations, especially in Africa, to help them increase their agricultural productivity, while ensuring that the natural resources they depend on are not over exploited or depleted. Agriculture not ...
Ocean of Grass: A Conservation Assessment for the Northern Great
... Section II: Historical Trends and Future Predictions for Climate Change Historical Trends in Climate Global average surface temperatures warmed by 0.74°C (1.3°F) during the 20th century (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2010a). Twenty of the warmest years in the past century h ...
... Section II: Historical Trends and Future Predictions for Climate Change Historical Trends in Climate Global average surface temperatures warmed by 0.74°C (1.3°F) during the 20th century (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2010a). Twenty of the warmest years in the past century h ...
off the charts: 2013 was australia`s hottest year
... El Niño years are normally warmer than usual, while La Niña years are cooler. Over the past decade all years except one (2011) have recorded annual mean temperatures above average. Australian land surface temperatures have risen by about 1°C over the past century, with most of the rise occurring sin ...
... El Niño years are normally warmer than usual, while La Niña years are cooler. Over the past decade all years except one (2011) have recorded annual mean temperatures above average. Australian land surface temperatures have risen by about 1°C over the past century, with most of the rise occurring sin ...
MIDTERM – Expectations - Earth Science Education
... easily settled); sociology; social institutions; layout of the city; natural hazards. Metabolism of the city… life style; what consequences to energy needs; what water and other resources does it require for the city; what are the waste products; what are the effects beyond the city; Climate change: ...
... easily settled); sociology; social institutions; layout of the city; natural hazards. Metabolism of the city… life style; what consequences to energy needs; what water and other resources does it require for the city; what are the waste products; what are the effects beyond the city; Climate change: ...
February 2010 Minutes - Rubbertown Community Advisory Council
... drainage ditches that caused flooding during heavy rain. Clay said he and others from MSD visited the site and met with Earl. He said there are drainage ditches along Campground Road, Bramers Lane, Lees Lane, and Ladd Avenue that are in question. MSD has a DRI (Drainage Response Initiative) budget t ...
... drainage ditches that caused flooding during heavy rain. Clay said he and others from MSD visited the site and met with Earl. He said there are drainage ditches along Campground Road, Bramers Lane, Lees Lane, and Ladd Avenue that are in question. MSD has a DRI (Drainage Response Initiative) budget t ...
Abstract - Centre for Marine Science
... detect trends. The observing system should also be integrated with the delivery of data products on ocean acidification change around Australia, calibrated satellite imagery, and changes in water column carbon, oxygen and nutrients determined on repeat ocean sections. These products are important fo ...
... detect trends. The observing system should also be integrated with the delivery of data products on ocean acidification change around Australia, calibrated satellite imagery, and changes in water column carbon, oxygen and nutrients determined on repeat ocean sections. These products are important fo ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... assumptions has been prompted by the existing weak climate change-related database in the country. There is a need to improve the activity data and local emission factors for all sectors concerned in the preparation of the second national communication. ...
... assumptions has been prompted by the existing weak climate change-related database in the country. There is a need to improve the activity data and local emission factors for all sectors concerned in the preparation of the second national communication. ...
8_ecosystem-models-for-gcc
... analog for corroboration of ERCC models against data from experiments lasting less than ten years. I use three-week projections made with the Farquhar model as the analog to 20-to 200-year projections made with ERCC models. Is this strong corroboration on a seconds-to-minutes time scale (short term) ...
... analog for corroboration of ERCC models against data from experiments lasting less than ten years. I use three-week projections made with the Farquhar model as the analog to 20-to 200-year projections made with ERCC models. Is this strong corroboration on a seconds-to-minutes time scale (short term) ...
PDF
... Delta is a matter of the highest importance for the California Department of Water Resources (DWR). The two largest urban water utilities in the San Francisco area – the City of San Francisco and the east Bay MUD systems -- do not depend on the Delta for their water supply and would not be affected ...
... Delta is a matter of the highest importance for the California Department of Water Resources (DWR). The two largest urban water utilities in the San Francisco area – the City of San Francisco and the east Bay MUD systems -- do not depend on the Delta for their water supply and would not be affected ...
The economic impact of climate change
... and Schlesinger, 2002). 6 This is because poorer countries are less able to adapt to climate change (Adger, 2006; Alberini et al., 2006; Smit and Wandel, 2006; Yohe and Tol, 2002), particularly in health (Tol, 2005). Poor countries are more exposed to climate change, particularly in agriculture and ...
... and Schlesinger, 2002). 6 This is because poorer countries are less able to adapt to climate change (Adger, 2006; Alberini et al., 2006; Smit and Wandel, 2006; Yohe and Tol, 2002), particularly in health (Tol, 2005). Poor countries are more exposed to climate change, particularly in agriculture and ...
Climate Change and the Historic Environment
... Climate change is one of the most important and urgent problems facing us today. Without action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the direct impacts of a changing climate will have major adverse effects on society, the economy and the environment, including our cultural heritage.The wide-ranging ...
... Climate change is one of the most important and urgent problems facing us today. Without action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the direct impacts of a changing climate will have major adverse effects on society, the economy and the environment, including our cultural heritage.The wide-ranging ...
Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change on Amphibian
... these environmental changes, they may experience increased mortality and significant sublethal effects. Additionally, a number of scientists suggested that global warming and ozone depletion will affect entire ecological communities [13-15]. It is now abundantly clear that the Earth’s climate is cha ...
... these environmental changes, they may experience increased mortality and significant sublethal effects. Additionally, a number of scientists suggested that global warming and ozone depletion will affect entire ecological communities [13-15]. It is now abundantly clear that the Earth’s climate is cha ...
The Kyoto Protocol: A Review and Perspectives
... for helpful comments. Regarding any remaining inadequacies, the usual caveat applies. ...
... for helpful comments. Regarding any remaining inadequacies, the usual caveat applies. ...
Earth System interactions
... encompass the key climate processes pertaining to the Nordic and Arctic regions; (iii) include an improved description of processes that are presently considered to be highly uncertain; (iv) are computationally efficient; (v) possess advanced diagnostic tools for a detailed evaluation of model compo ...
... encompass the key climate processes pertaining to the Nordic and Arctic regions; (iii) include an improved description of processes that are presently considered to be highly uncertain; (iv) are computationally efficient; (v) possess advanced diagnostic tools for a detailed evaluation of model compo ...
Climate change and ecosystems of the Mid
... these potential future changes. Over the last 100 yr, average conditions have become warmer and wetter: average precipitation has gone up 10% (linearly) and average temperature has risen by 1°F. In the same period, the MAR region has seen a decrease in the number of very hot days (i.e. temperatures ...
... these potential future changes. Over the last 100 yr, average conditions have become warmer and wetter: average precipitation has gone up 10% (linearly) and average temperature has risen by 1°F. In the same period, the MAR region has seen a decrease in the number of very hot days (i.e. temperatures ...
Changes to the tropical circulation in the mid
... balance evaporation on a global scale, and since most precipitation occurs through convection in the tropics, the tropical convective mass flux must decrease (Held and Soden, 2006). In other words, tropical convective updrafts do not have to be as strong as before to maintain the balance between eva ...
... balance evaporation on a global scale, and since most precipitation occurs through convection in the tropics, the tropical convective mass flux must decrease (Held and Soden, 2006). In other words, tropical convective updrafts do not have to be as strong as before to maintain the balance between eva ...
Stabilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide via zero emissions—An
... stabilization (Z-stabilization).” Over the course of several previous reports, the present authors have advocated the need to extend the stabilization concept in this manner in order to avoid long-term risks while meeting the short-term need for relatively large emissions.12)–15) This new concept of ...
... stabilization (Z-stabilization).” Over the course of several previous reports, the present authors have advocated the need to extend the stabilization concept in this manner in order to avoid long-term risks while meeting the short-term need for relatively large emissions.12)–15) This new concept of ...
Climate change and water in the UK – past
... et al., 2012; Osborn and Hulme, 2002), with the changes being most significant in longduration events (5–10 days) (Fowler and Kilsby, 2003). Long summer events also show increased rainfall intensity (Jones et al., 2012). There is also some evidence that the withinyear clustering of extreme rainfall ...
... et al., 2012; Osborn and Hulme, 2002), with the changes being most significant in longduration events (5–10 days) (Fowler and Kilsby, 2003). Long summer events also show increased rainfall intensity (Jones et al., 2012). There is also some evidence that the withinyear clustering of extreme rainfall ...
On the Impact of Weather and Climate on
... survey data from Ethiopia. As we argued earlier, the essence of controlling for both climate and weather factors is to ensure that the full range of adaptation options (to both weather variability and weather change) are taken into account in the Ricardian analysis. While previous studies assume tha ...
... survey data from Ethiopia. As we argued earlier, the essence of controlling for both climate and weather factors is to ensure that the full range of adaptation options (to both weather variability and weather change) are taken into account in the Ricardian analysis. While previous studies assume tha ...
Contrasting effects of warming and increased snowfall on Arctic
... ottir, 1998). Thus, changes in winter precipitation resulting in altered snowmelt dates may be as or more important than temperature in driving future phenological changes. Future temperature increases are predicted with relatively high confidence for the Arctic, but current projections of precipita ...
... ottir, 1998). Thus, changes in winter precipitation resulting in altered snowmelt dates may be as or more important than temperature in driving future phenological changes. Future temperature increases are predicted with relatively high confidence for the Arctic, but current projections of precipita ...
PDF
... Sub-Saharan Africa is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change due to low adaptive capacity, heavy dependence on rain-fed agriculture, low levels of human and physical capital, poor infrastructure, and already high temperatures (SEI 2009). An increase in droughts, floods, and other ...
... Sub-Saharan Africa is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change due to low adaptive capacity, heavy dependence on rain-fed agriculture, low levels of human and physical capital, poor infrastructure, and already high temperatures (SEI 2009). An increase in droughts, floods, and other ...
Light: The Cosmic Messenger
... • Widespread ice tends to lower global temperatures by increasing Earth’s reflectivity. • CO2 from outgassing will build up if oceans are frozen, ultimately raising global temperatures again. © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Widespread ice tends to lower global temperatures by increasing Earth’s reflectivity. • CO2 from outgassing will build up if oceans are frozen, ultimately raising global temperatures again. © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Cities and Climate Change Initiative - UN
... The future of hundreds of millions of people in urban areas across the world will be affected by the different impacts of climate change. However, mitigation and adaptation capacity is not equally distributed worldwide and in developing and least developed countries vulnerability is substantially di ...
... The future of hundreds of millions of people in urban areas across the world will be affected by the different impacts of climate change. However, mitigation and adaptation capacity is not equally distributed worldwide and in developing and least developed countries vulnerability is substantially di ...
Presentation Slides - Association for the Advancement of
... Fact: “Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities and poses significant risks for – and in many cases is already affecting – a broad range of human and natural systems.” ...
... Fact: “Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities and poses significant risks for – and in many cases is already affecting – a broad range of human and natural systems.” ...
Impacts of Climate Change on Physical Characteristics of
... Medium confidence – impact has been projected or modelled using several approaches and the mechanism of response to climate change is well understood. Low confidence – impact is hypothesised or has been projected or modelled in a single study; or antagonistic mechanisms or feedbacks exist which coul ...
... Medium confidence – impact has been projected or modelled using several approaches and the mechanism of response to climate change is well understood. Low confidence – impact is hypothesised or has been projected or modelled in a single study; or antagonistic mechanisms or feedbacks exist which coul ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.