Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of
... adaptation in the response of plant species to past climate change has been questioned. As many species are unlikely to migrate fast enough to track the rapidly changing climate of the future, adaptation must play an increasingly important role in their response. In this paper we review recent work ...
... adaptation in the response of plant species to past climate change has been questioned. As many species are unlikely to migrate fast enough to track the rapidly changing climate of the future, adaptation must play an increasingly important role in their response. In this paper we review recent work ...
National Activities with Respect to the Global Climate Observing
... Synoptic weather messages are transmitted from weather and automated weather stations every three hours. Automated measurements are obtained also more frequently depending on the station in question. Nowadays, many of the weather stations are semi-automated, which means human observers make some bu ...
... Synoptic weather messages are transmitted from weather and automated weather stations every three hours. Automated measurements are obtained also more frequently depending on the station in question. Nowadays, many of the weather stations are semi-automated, which means human observers make some bu ...
Presentation Slides - Association for the Advancement of
... Fact: “Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities and poses significant risks for – and in many cases is already affecting – a broad range of human and natural systems.” ...
... Fact: “Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities and poses significant risks for – and in many cases is already affecting – a broad range of human and natural systems.” ...
Impacts of Climate Change on Physical Characteristics of
... Medium confidence – impact has been projected or modelled using several approaches and the mechanism of response to climate change is well understood. Low confidence – impact is hypothesised or has been projected or modelled in a single study; or antagonistic mechanisms or feedbacks exist which coul ...
... Medium confidence – impact has been projected or modelled using several approaches and the mechanism of response to climate change is well understood. Low confidence – impact is hypothesised or has been projected or modelled in a single study; or antagonistic mechanisms or feedbacks exist which coul ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: The Economics of Climate Change: Adaptations Past and...
... the starting growth rate and the index of risk aversion) can yield values of w∗() well above 3 percent for small values of , which might support stringent abatement. I also used a counterfactual—and pessimistic—scenario for temperature change: under business as usual (BAU), the atmospheric GHG con ...
... the starting growth rate and the index of risk aversion) can yield values of w∗() well above 3 percent for small values of , which might support stringent abatement. I also used a counterfactual—and pessimistic—scenario for temperature change: under business as usual (BAU), the atmospheric GHG con ...
1 - weADAPT
... Results produced for this report use CSAG’s Climate Change Explorer tool – these are empirically downscaled scenarios produced through a statistical technique to produce station level projections of climate change from global climate models. They use the newer SRES A2 emissions scenario (see IPCC, 2 ...
... Results produced for this report use CSAG’s Climate Change Explorer tool – these are empirically downscaled scenarios produced through a statistical technique to produce station level projections of climate change from global climate models. They use the newer SRES A2 emissions scenario (see IPCC, 2 ...
Reshaping the Debate on Climate Change A lecture by Mary Robinson,
... least two different ways we might manage it. One would be to prevent it altogether or reduce the chance of it becoming severe or irreversible. A second way of managing it is to learn how to adapt to those changes that will take place. As to the first, the idea that we can stop climate change happeni ...
... least two different ways we might manage it. One would be to prevent it altogether or reduce the chance of it becoming severe or irreversible. A second way of managing it is to learn how to adapt to those changes that will take place. As to the first, the idea that we can stop climate change happeni ...
Climate Change Corrections - Florida Department of Environmental
... Global climate change is not a science fiction scenario but a reality. The scientific consensus reached in 2007 by the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (see Section II) is that warming of the Earth’s climate system is unequivocally taking place, and that most of the temperat ...
... Global climate change is not a science fiction scenario but a reality. The scientific consensus reached in 2007 by the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (see Section II) is that warming of the Earth’s climate system is unequivocally taking place, and that most of the temperat ...
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE FRESHWATERS OF
... Region 2 comprises arctic and subarctic North America and is underlain by continuous or discontinuous permafrost. Its freshwater systems are dominated by a low energy environment and cold region processes. Central northern areas are almost totally in¯uenced by arctic air masses while Paci®c air beco ...
... Region 2 comprises arctic and subarctic North America and is underlain by continuous or discontinuous permafrost. Its freshwater systems are dominated by a low energy environment and cold region processes. Central northern areas are almost totally in¯uenced by arctic air masses while Paci®c air beco ...
heepfinalreport16 - 2 - Halon Alternatives Research Corporation
... use of this class of chemicals carries with it some environmental concern and, therefore, the need to minimize emissions. While HFCs are not ozone-depleting substances, they have been identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as potent greenhouse gases with long atmospheric lifetim ...
... use of this class of chemicals carries with it some environmental concern and, therefore, the need to minimize emissions. While HFCs are not ozone-depleting substances, they have been identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as potent greenhouse gases with long atmospheric lifetim ...
Sea Ice–Albedo Feedback and Nonlinear Arctic Climate Change
... Plate 3 shows the relationship between polar region effective albedo and surface temperature. The effective albedo is the long-term ratio of surface-up to surface-down shortwave flux. Effective albedo can be shown to be the time-averaged albedo weighted with the surface downward shortwave flux. This ...
... Plate 3 shows the relationship between polar region effective albedo and surface temperature. The effective albedo is the long-term ratio of surface-up to surface-down shortwave flux. Effective albedo can be shown to be the time-averaged albedo weighted with the surface downward shortwave flux. This ...
Selected International Legal Materials on Global Warming and
... 1. Humanity is conducting an unintended, uncontrolled, globally pervasive experiment whose ultimate consequences could be second only to a global nuclear war. The Earth's atmosphere is being changed at an unprecedented rate by pollutants resulting from human activities, inefficient and wasteful foss ...
... 1. Humanity is conducting an unintended, uncontrolled, globally pervasive experiment whose ultimate consequences could be second only to a global nuclear war. The Earth's atmosphere is being changed at an unprecedented rate by pollutants resulting from human activities, inefficient and wasteful foss ...
Changing Shades of Green: The environmental and cultural impacts
... Irish who sense that the weather has changed in their lifetimes are not making outrageous claims: Their casual observations are corroborated by scientific assessments. An ensemble climate model, based on multimodel averages, projects temperature increases for Ireland that will exceed 2ºC (3.6ºF) in ...
... Irish who sense that the weather has changed in their lifetimes are not making outrageous claims: Their casual observations are corroborated by scientific assessments. An ensemble climate model, based on multimodel averages, projects temperature increases for Ireland that will exceed 2ºC (3.6ºF) in ...
Equilibrium Response of an Atmosphere–Mixed Layer Ocean Model
... transport, which is not represented by the model, heat flux anomalies are added to the ocean. This so-called q flux is determined so that the model produces realistic annual cycles of SST and sea ice. In the Southern Ocean, however, further adjustments are required due to model biases and the lack o ...
... transport, which is not represented by the model, heat flux anomalies are added to the ocean. This so-called q flux is determined so that the model produces realistic annual cycles of SST and sea ice. In the Southern Ocean, however, further adjustments are required due to model biases and the lack o ...
The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from
... concentration datasets, forthcoming CMIP5 intercomparisons will allow our understanding of the relationship between emissions and concentrations to be re-defined. This study describes how the IAM emissions were processed to produce the RCP GHG concentration values, including the compilation of histo ...
... concentration datasets, forthcoming CMIP5 intercomparisons will allow our understanding of the relationship between emissions and concentrations to be re-defined. This study describes how the IAM emissions were processed to produce the RCP GHG concentration values, including the compilation of histo ...
Insights and responses from respondents on what
... 30th Oct Research Participants provided the following feedback on how population growth affects climate change and people in the community. How is population growth affecting climate change and people in your community? (n=100) Degraded land having low crop yield leads to famine/starvation ...
... 30th Oct Research Participants provided the following feedback on how population growth affects climate change and people in the community. How is population growth affecting climate change and people in your community? (n=100) Degraded land having low crop yield leads to famine/starvation ...
Oceans Day Bulletin
... highlighted the direct link between climate change, ocean health and human wellbeing. Discussions at the event focused on the role of oceans in climate change and the fact that close to 50% of the world’s population living in coastal areas will suffer disproportionately from ocean warming, sea level ...
... highlighted the direct link between climate change, ocean health and human wellbeing. Discussions at the event focused on the role of oceans in climate change and the fact that close to 50% of the world’s population living in coastal areas will suffer disproportionately from ocean warming, sea level ...
Public perceptions of unusually warm weather in the UK: impacts
... of the discussion may have evolved to be different from the responses expressed at the beginning. Face-toface interviews, although essentially static, are high cost, which may limit their application. They are a useful tool to explore management and professional attitudes to impacts and adaptation. ...
... of the discussion may have evolved to be different from the responses expressed at the beginning. Face-toface interviews, although essentially static, are high cost, which may limit their application. They are a useful tool to explore management and professional attitudes to impacts and adaptation. ...
Impacts of climate change at high latitudes on terrestrial plants and
... pollutants such as Noxs have increased as a result of human activities and they are still increasing. As global temperature and concentrations of atmospheric CO^ and methane have been positively correlated for some 180 000 years (Watson et al. 1990), it is likely that global temperatures will increa ...
... pollutants such as Noxs have increased as a result of human activities and they are still increasing. As global temperature and concentrations of atmospheric CO^ and methane have been positively correlated for some 180 000 years (Watson et al. 1990), it is likely that global temperatures will increa ...
A Just Climate: Our Responsibility To Act
... As an international aid and development agency rooted in the principles of Catholic Social Teaching, Caritas Australia has a unique and significant voice to add to the conversation on climate change. It is not only our commitment to create new opportunities for the world’s poorest and most marginali ...
... As an international aid and development agency rooted in the principles of Catholic Social Teaching, Caritas Australia has a unique and significant voice to add to the conversation on climate change. It is not only our commitment to create new opportunities for the world’s poorest and most marginali ...
document
... The National Environment and Planning Agency of Jamaica has implemented these programs and made these changes in order to cause a “reduction in emissions of pollutants to air, focusing on pollutants causing human health impacts and ozone depletion, and on pollution originating from transport and ind ...
... The National Environment and Planning Agency of Jamaica has implemented these programs and made these changes in order to cause a “reduction in emissions of pollutants to air, focusing on pollutants causing human health impacts and ozone depletion, and on pollution originating from transport and ind ...
kyoto protocol and aftermath
... There exist two procedures for establishing a JI project: Track 1 and Track 2. Track 1 implies that if host States meet all of the eligibility requirements to transfer and/or acquire ERUs, they may assess emission reductions or removals by a JI project on their additionality in comparison to normal ...
... There exist two procedures for establishing a JI project: Track 1 and Track 2. Track 1 implies that if host States meet all of the eligibility requirements to transfer and/or acquire ERUs, they may assess emission reductions or removals by a JI project on their additionality in comparison to normal ...
Underwater: The Need for Massachusetts to Become Climate Ready
... flooding. With numerous coastal communities and storm water systems that are not prepared to accommodate increased flow, preparations need to be made so that the state is more resilient. Over the next several decades, as the impacts of climate change intensify, flooding will become a bigger threat f ...
... flooding. With numerous coastal communities and storm water systems that are not prepared to accommodate increased flow, preparations need to be made so that the state is more resilient. Over the next several decades, as the impacts of climate change intensify, flooding will become a bigger threat f ...
Climate Change: Addressing the Major Skeptic Arguments
... only made it harder for people to untangle the arguments and form their own opinions. This is problematic because the way the public’s views are shaped is critical to future political action on climate change. For investors in particular, the implications are huge. While there are many arguments in ...
... only made it harder for people to untangle the arguments and form their own opinions. This is problematic because the way the public’s views are shaped is critical to future political action on climate change. For investors in particular, the implications are huge. While there are many arguments in ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.