The Community Climate System Model
... The Community Climate System Model (CCSM) has been created to represent the principal components of the climate system and their interactions. Development and applications of the model are carried out by the U.S. climate research community, thus taking advantage of both wide intellectual participati ...
... The Community Climate System Model (CCSM) has been created to represent the principal components of the climate system and their interactions. Development and applications of the model are carried out by the U.S. climate research community, thus taking advantage of both wide intellectual participati ...
Vulnerability to climate change and sea
... There is an urgent need to understand how climate change, including sea-level rise, is likely to threaten biodiversity and cause secondary effects, such as agroecosystem alteration and human displacement. The consequences of climate change, and the resulting sea-level rise within the Forests of East ...
... There is an urgent need to understand how climate change, including sea-level rise, is likely to threaten biodiversity and cause secondary effects, such as agroecosystem alteration and human displacement. The consequences of climate change, and the resulting sea-level rise within the Forests of East ...
Use of spatial analogy in analysis and valuation of climate scenarios
... With the Climex method we can only use the temperature and the precipitation in same weight. To calculate the similarity for only for the temperature or for the precipitation we should have alter the calculation of CMI. We started to use a new λ parameter tp weightening the temperature and the preci ...
... With the Climex method we can only use the temperature and the precipitation in same weight. To calculate the similarity for only for the temperature or for the precipitation we should have alter the calculation of CMI. We started to use a new λ parameter tp weightening the temperature and the preci ...
at least -48 - Monash University
... the global carbon budget and the ‘ambition gap’ that stands between present pledges and the chance of keeping average global warming to below the ‘guardrail’ of 2 degrees Celsius. It then turns to aspects of Australia’s current approach to the 2020 target and concludes by proposing a 2020 target and ...
... the global carbon budget and the ‘ambition gap’ that stands between present pledges and the chance of keeping average global warming to below the ‘guardrail’ of 2 degrees Celsius. It then turns to aspects of Australia’s current approach to the 2020 target and concludes by proposing a 2020 target and ...
Global Climate Risk Index 2016
... and losses of more than USD 2.97 trillion (in PPP) were incurred as a direct result of over 15 000 extreme weather events. The 2014 New Climate Economy Report forewarns of similar disasters that will occur if no action towards limiting global warming to 2°C (compared to pre-industrial times) is take ...
... and losses of more than USD 2.97 trillion (in PPP) were incurred as a direct result of over 15 000 extreme weather events. The 2014 New Climate Economy Report forewarns of similar disasters that will occur if no action towards limiting global warming to 2°C (compared to pre-industrial times) is take ...
Prince Edward Island and Climate Change
... gases which contribute to the warming of the Earth.” 1 In 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change provided the most authoritative scientific information so far on climate change. Key findings from their “Fourth Assessment Report”2 included the following observations: • it is highly prob ...
... gases which contribute to the warming of the Earth.” 1 In 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change provided the most authoritative scientific information so far on climate change. Key findings from their “Fourth Assessment Report”2 included the following observations: • it is highly prob ...
From: Pielke Sr., RA, G. Marland, RA Betts, TN Chase, JL Eastman
... and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radia ...
... and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radia ...
Impacts of climate change on European marine ecosystems
... to be greater and springtime is occurring earlier (Solomon et al., 2007; IPCC, 2007; Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010). Many of these events are thought to be predominantly a consequence of climate change (IPCC, 2007; Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010). Although marine species and ecosystems have respond ...
... to be greater and springtime is occurring earlier (Solomon et al., 2007; IPCC, 2007; Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010). Many of these events are thought to be predominantly a consequence of climate change (IPCC, 2007; Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010). Although marine species and ecosystems have respond ...
environmental, economic and social impacts of
... The unusual fact of awarding the 2007 Nobel peace prize to the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) consisting of several thousand scientists as well as to Albert Gore who popularised the climate change issues and made the film on anthropogenic climate change may signify two important t ...
... The unusual fact of awarding the 2007 Nobel peace prize to the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) consisting of several thousand scientists as well as to Albert Gore who popularised the climate change issues and made the film on anthropogenic climate change may signify two important t ...
The Social Cost of Carbon
... The effects of global climate change are diverse and potentially very large. Traditionally the policy debate has focused on the costs of mitigation, but there is an increasing interest in the economic costs (social costs) of climate change. In the UK, these are usually referred to as the Social Cost ...
... The effects of global climate change are diverse and potentially very large. Traditionally the policy debate has focused on the costs of mitigation, but there is an increasing interest in the economic costs (social costs) of climate change. In the UK, these are usually referred to as the Social Cost ...
Air pollution, climate change and ozone loss
... Global sea levels could rise by more than 20 feet with the loss of shelf ice in Greenland and Antarctica, devastating coastal areas worldwide. Heat waves will be more frequent and more intense Droughts and wildfires will occur more often The Arctic Ocean could be ice free in summer by 2050 ...
... Global sea levels could rise by more than 20 feet with the loss of shelf ice in Greenland and Antarctica, devastating coastal areas worldwide. Heat waves will be more frequent and more intense Droughts and wildfires will occur more often The Arctic Ocean could be ice free in summer by 2050 ...
Impact and Response Scenarios for Coastal Flooding in Barbados and
... Major impact since most plants would be unable to survive under such unfavorable soil conditions. ...
... Major impact since most plants would be unable to survive under such unfavorable soil conditions. ...
FAO - NWP: Adaptation Planning and Strategies 2009 (pp. 42-50)
... on the issue of Climate Change and to contribute to the debate, focusing on such issues as data, definitions and methodologies related to agriculture and climate change. COAG supported the development of an integrated climate change programme based on current activities, within FAO Regular Budget pr ...
... on the issue of Climate Change and to contribute to the debate, focusing on such issues as data, definitions and methodologies related to agriculture and climate change. COAG supported the development of an integrated climate change programme based on current activities, within FAO Regular Budget pr ...
PDF - unu-wider - United Nations University
... Agriculture and food security may face even greater difficulties under climate change. Despite some existing uncertainties, increasing evidence indicates that the earth’s climate is experiencing significant changes. According to projections (FAO 2009a), due to continued and rising global warming, by ...
... Agriculture and food security may face even greater difficulties under climate change. Despite some existing uncertainties, increasing evidence indicates that the earth’s climate is experiencing significant changes. According to projections (FAO 2009a), due to continued and rising global warming, by ...
solidarity, justice and climate change law
... gains in water, typically in the form of flooding that threatens hundreds of millions of people, particularly those living in coastal areas. In addition to water and food availability, the changing climate has direct consequences for human health. Malnutrition poses perhaps the biggest risk, but the ...
... gains in water, typically in the form of flooding that threatens hundreds of millions of people, particularly those living in coastal areas. In addition to water and food availability, the changing climate has direct consequences for human health. Malnutrition poses perhaps the biggest risk, but the ...
Climate Change Projections over India by a
... possible regional climate change over India by using Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS), a regional climate model (RCM) developed by Met Office Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom. The lateral boundary data for the simulations were taken from a sub-set of six members sampled fr ...
... possible regional climate change over India by using Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS), a regional climate model (RCM) developed by Met Office Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom. The lateral boundary data for the simulations were taken from a sub-set of six members sampled fr ...
CARIBSAVE Climate Change Risk Profile for Jamaica
... Learning from past experiences and applying new knowledge is essential in order to avoid maladaptation and further losses. ...
... Learning from past experiences and applying new knowledge is essential in order to avoid maladaptation and further losses. ...
Protected Area Policies and Climate Change: The Case of the
... are locked in to significant future climate change even if greenhouse gas emissions are severely reduced today, we need adaptation strategies. Most protected areas have been designed to represent and protect specific natural features, species and communities, but have not taken into account the pote ...
... are locked in to significant future climate change even if greenhouse gas emissions are severely reduced today, we need adaptation strategies. Most protected areas have been designed to represent and protect specific natural features, species and communities, but have not taken into account the pote ...
Climate change and animal health in Africa
... of climate change Africa probably contributes the least of any continent to global warming. Nevertheless, the people living in Africa may be the hardest hit. This is because the effects of climate change on, for example, livestock production and health are significant additions to the already impres ...
... of climate change Africa probably contributes the least of any continent to global warming. Nevertheless, the people living in Africa may be the hardest hit. This is because the effects of climate change on, for example, livestock production and health are significant additions to the already impres ...
... ABSTRACT: Land cover changes (LCCs) play an important role in the climate system. Research over recent decades highlights the impacts of these changes on atmospheric temperature, humidity, cloud cover, circulation, and precipitation. These impacts range from the local- and regional-scale to sub-cont ...
Sea-level rise and climate change
... Regional sea-level rise projections have been prepared for Australia and show that the extent of rise is likely to be similar around the nation, with only small differences existing between locations for different time frames and emissions scenarios. ...
... Regional sea-level rise projections have been prepared for Australia and show that the extent of rise is likely to be similar around the nation, with only small differences existing between locations for different time frames and emissions scenarios. ...
Ontario`s Climate Change Strategy
... Understanding Climate Change Climate change is defined as any significant change in long-term weather patterns. It can apply to any major variation in temperature, wind patterns or precipitation that occurs over time. Global warming describes the recent rise in the average global temperature. Since ...
... Understanding Climate Change Climate change is defined as any significant change in long-term weather patterns. It can apply to any major variation in temperature, wind patterns or precipitation that occurs over time. Global warming describes the recent rise in the average global temperature. Since ...
The Missing Science from the Draft National Assessment on Climate Change
... Changes in heavy precipitation have been shown to be influenced by things other than AGW. Influences include among other things, anthropogenic aerosol emissions (e.g., Rosenfeld and Bell, 2011; Li et al., 2011; Koren et al., 2012; Heiblum et al. 2012; Fan et al., 2012), changes in irrigation (e.g., ...
... Changes in heavy precipitation have been shown to be influenced by things other than AGW. Influences include among other things, anthropogenic aerosol emissions (e.g., Rosenfeld and Bell, 2011; Li et al., 2011; Koren et al., 2012; Heiblum et al. 2012; Fan et al., 2012), changes in irrigation (e.g., ...
Downscaling climate change scenarios for apple pest and disease
... Note that assumptions inherent in many climate projections are that the range of model uncertainty is fully sampled by the available model projections, and that systematic model biases do not change with time. These assumptions were also made here (for more details, see Fischer et al., 2011). Despit ...
... Note that assumptions inherent in many climate projections are that the range of model uncertainty is fully sampled by the available model projections, and that systematic model biases do not change with time. These assumptions were also made here (for more details, see Fischer et al., 2011). Despit ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.