The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond: The World After 2012
... Bank has financed will over the next 20 to 50 years add carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere equivalent to 1.3 times the total amount emitted by all the world’s countries in 1995.21 To achieve a higher level of policy integration then, climate objectives, and environmental goals more broadly, ...
... Bank has financed will over the next 20 to 50 years add carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere equivalent to 1.3 times the total amount emitted by all the world’s countries in 1995.21 To achieve a higher level of policy integration then, climate objectives, and environmental goals more broadly, ...
Final qualitative report
... case the issue is almost completely political contextualized by the contemporary carbon tax debate. In terms of causes, natural drivers receive as much focus as human contribution, but are often based on vague scientific notions or a perceptual response to an individual experience of the changing ...
... case the issue is almost completely political contextualized by the contemporary carbon tax debate. In terms of causes, natural drivers receive as much focus as human contribution, but are often based on vague scientific notions or a perceptual response to an individual experience of the changing ...
Effects of climate change on inland waters of the Pacific coastal
... available to generate extreme rainfall. These storms may generate the greatest ¯oods in some alpine basins that are high enough to avoid midwinter rain on snow events. Stream ¯ow in Sierra Nevada rivers may be low during intense or extended droughts. For example, during. 1977 when average snow water ...
... available to generate extreme rainfall. These storms may generate the greatest ¯oods in some alpine basins that are high enough to avoid midwinter rain on snow events. Stream ¯ow in Sierra Nevada rivers may be low during intense or extended droughts. For example, during. 1977 when average snow water ...
The Adaptation Challenge: Key issues for crop production
... are caused by increases in concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases since the middle ...
... are caused by increases in concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases since the middle ...
... research in the U.S., which generated the creation the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP).36 Through these programs billions of dollars have been invested into climatic and global change research.37 In 2002, the Bush Administration announced its goal of reducing the greenhouse gas intensit ...
Marine Board-ESF Response to the European Commission DG
... Review concludes that, provided we take strong action now, there is still time to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. A two pronged approach to addressing and resolving climate change issues and challenges, involving both mitigation and adaptive strategies, is essential. The response detailed ...
... Review concludes that, provided we take strong action now, there is still time to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. A two pronged approach to addressing and resolving climate change issues and challenges, involving both mitigation and adaptive strategies, is essential. The response detailed ...
Climate change knowledge and social movement theory
... 22). In pursuit of one or another political cause, they make use of what Herbert Kitschelt23 termed ‘political opportunity structures’ in his analysis of anti-nuclear movements in the 1970s. Social movements tend to manifest themselves through publicly recognized forms of protest or direct action, b ...
... 22). In pursuit of one or another political cause, they make use of what Herbert Kitschelt23 termed ‘political opportunity structures’ in his analysis of anti-nuclear movements in the 1970s. Social movements tend to manifest themselves through publicly recognized forms of protest or direct action, b ...
PDF
... As the world approaches the important climate change conference in Paris in December of this year, it is worth looking at how global climate policy for agriculture might affect New Zealand’s agricultural industry. The importance of agriculture to NZ’s economy and our reliance on international commod ...
... As the world approaches the important climate change conference in Paris in December of this year, it is worth looking at how global climate policy for agriculture might affect New Zealand’s agricultural industry. The importance of agriculture to NZ’s economy and our reliance on international commod ...
Publications
... Manabe, S., and J.L. Holloway,Jr., The Seasonal Variation of the Hydrologic Cycle as Simulated by a Global Model of the Atmosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 80(12):1617-1649, 1975. Hahn, D.G., and S. Manabe, The Role of Mountains in the South Asian Monsoon Circulation, Journal of the Atmosph ...
... Manabe, S., and J.L. Holloway,Jr., The Seasonal Variation of the Hydrologic Cycle as Simulated by a Global Model of the Atmosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 80(12):1617-1649, 1975. Hahn, D.G., and S. Manabe, The Role of Mountains in the South Asian Monsoon Circulation, Journal of the Atmosph ...
Osman-Elasha_IPCC_5AR_Adaptation needs
... exacerbate or multiply existing threats to human security including food, health and economic insecurity, all being of particular concern for Africa (medium confidence). A wide range of data and research gaps constrain decision making to reduce vulnerability, build resilience and plan and implement ...
... exacerbate or multiply existing threats to human security including food, health and economic insecurity, all being of particular concern for Africa (medium confidence). A wide range of data and research gaps constrain decision making to reduce vulnerability, build resilience and plan and implement ...
Science Plan for LTEO - Ministry of Environment and Forests
... (UNFCCC), whose ultimate objective was to achieve the stabilization of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. According to the UNFCCC, climate change refers to the change in climate that is attr ...
... (UNFCCC), whose ultimate objective was to achieve the stabilization of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. According to the UNFCCC, climate change refers to the change in climate that is attr ...
Highly Significant Responses to Anthropogenic Forcings of the
... models in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5; Barnes and Polvani 2013). These two metrics are compared to the southern annual mode (SAM), here calculated as the difference between zonalmean surface pressure at 408 and 658S (Gong and Wang 1999). We demonstrate that the SAM re ...
... models in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5; Barnes and Polvani 2013). These two metrics are compared to the southern annual mode (SAM), here calculated as the difference between zonalmean surface pressure at 408 and 658S (Gong and Wang 1999). We demonstrate that the SAM re ...
Changes in subduction in the South Atlantic Ocean during the
... 24.9 < s < 27.5 in each decade between 1870 – 2100 from one of the 20th and 21st century runs. The blue line is the average value for h1870 – 1999i, and the red line the average value for h2000 – 2099i. For 24.9 < s < 26.3, the subduction transports are relatively small, and do not change much over ...
... 24.9 < s < 27.5 in each decade between 1870 – 2100 from one of the 20th and 21st century runs. The blue line is the average value for h1870 – 1999i, and the red line the average value for h2000 – 2099i. For 24.9 < s < 26.3, the subduction transports are relatively small, and do not change much over ...
Climate Change and Invasive Alien Species
... in line with the expected change for directional climate change (Box 2). The probability that the observed changes in the expected direction (with no reference to magnitude) could occur by chance alone is negligible and there is high confidence that recent changes in temperature are having discernib ...
... in line with the expected change for directional climate change (Box 2). The probability that the observed changes in the expected direction (with no reference to magnitude) could occur by chance alone is negligible and there is high confidence that recent changes in temperature are having discernib ...
Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural
... of these that lead to vulnerability. Species are already vulnerable to decreases in their abundance and range but on a short-time scale (1-10 years), climate change will increasingly contribute to longer-term stresses and exacerbate the current drivers of bioiversity loss. Climate change is not an i ...
... of these that lead to vulnerability. Species are already vulnerable to decreases in their abundance and range but on a short-time scale (1-10 years), climate change will increasingly contribute to longer-term stresses and exacerbate the current drivers of bioiversity loss. Climate change is not an i ...
policy framework antigua and barbuda
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): The IPCC is an organization that was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and the UN Environment Programme. It conducts rigorous surveys of the worldwide technical and scientific literature and publishes assessment reports tha ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): The IPCC is an organization that was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and the UN Environment Programme. It conducts rigorous surveys of the worldwide technical and scientific literature and publishes assessment reports tha ...
Indicator and data needs - Eionet Forum
... as well as pressures and impacts of human activities in EU marine waters. Although the first reporting cycle will occur in 2012, there is still considerable effort needed to agree with Member States on the specifics of the data and methods needed for purpose of the EEA’s tasks and products, includin ...
... as well as pressures and impacts of human activities in EU marine waters. Although the first reporting cycle will occur in 2012, there is still considerable effort needed to agree with Member States on the specifics of the data and methods needed for purpose of the EEA’s tasks and products, includin ...
Report - The University of Texas at Austin
... pattern and the possibility of reduction in streamflow due to glacier retreat could cause water resources management problems and even the livelihood of more than 1 billion downstream residents. The global average mean temperature has increased 0.6°C±0.2°C between 1980 to 2000. (Singh, 2004 and 2006 ...
... pattern and the possibility of reduction in streamflow due to glacier retreat could cause water resources management problems and even the livelihood of more than 1 billion downstream residents. The global average mean temperature has increased 0.6°C±0.2°C between 1980 to 2000. (Singh, 2004 and 2006 ...
organisation of king`s bibliography of books on global warming
... Christopher Booker. The real global warming disaster: is the obsession with “climate change” turning out to be the most costly scientific blunder in history? Continuum, 2009, 9781441110527 A.W. Montford. The hockey stick illusion: climategate and the corruption of science. Stacey International, 2010 ...
... Christopher Booker. The real global warming disaster: is the obsession with “climate change” turning out to be the most costly scientific blunder in history? Continuum, 2009, 9781441110527 A.W. Montford. The hockey stick illusion: climategate and the corruption of science. Stacey International, 2010 ...
Climate Change Predicted Impacts on Juneau
... The City and Borough of Juneau (CBJ) is located in the north-central portion of the Alaska panhandle, approximately 600 air miles southeast of Anchorage and 900 miles north of Seattle. As of the 2002 census, the CBJ had 30,903 residents (CBJ 2006). Juneau is accessible only by air and sea with no ro ...
... The City and Borough of Juneau (CBJ) is located in the north-central portion of the Alaska panhandle, approximately 600 air miles southeast of Anchorage and 900 miles north of Seattle. As of the 2002 census, the CBJ had 30,903 residents (CBJ 2006). Juneau is accessible only by air and sea with no ro ...
Key Meteorological Indicators of Climate Change in Ireland Environmental Research Centre Report
... records for these sites extend back to 1890. Figure 2 shows an air temperature ...
... records for these sites extend back to 1890. Figure 2 shows an air temperature ...
AEROSOL INDIRECT EFFECT
... 1. Inhibition of the activation of large CCN. This would make water vapor available for the activation of smaller (and more numerous) CCN. This tends to increase droplet concentrations and cool climate. 2. Release of heat into the gas phase drops parcel supersaturation. This tends to decrease drople ...
... 1. Inhibition of the activation of large CCN. This would make water vapor available for the activation of smaller (and more numerous) CCN. This tends to increase droplet concentrations and cool climate. 2. Release of heat into the gas phase drops parcel supersaturation. This tends to decrease drople ...
The Specter of Species Extinction
... Extinction is forever … and forever is a very long time. The mere mention of the possibility that CO2 -induced global warming could drive species to extinction engages the natural sympathies of people everywhere. Hence, preventing extinction has become a rallying cry to convince nations to dramatica ...
... Extinction is forever … and forever is a very long time. The mere mention of the possibility that CO2 -induced global warming could drive species to extinction engages the natural sympathies of people everywhere. Hence, preventing extinction has become a rallying cry to convince nations to dramatica ...
DOC version - New Zealand climate change information
... How could climate change affect my region? Adapting to climate change About adapting to climate change Roles and responsibilities Climate change adaptation technical working group Adapting to sea level rise International forums and agreements New Zealand's international climate chang ...
... How could climate change affect my region? Adapting to climate change About adapting to climate change Roles and responsibilities Climate change adaptation technical working group Adapting to sea level rise International forums and agreements New Zealand's international climate chang ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.