DOC version - New Zealand climate change information
... How could climate change affect my region? Adapting to climate change About adapting to climate change Roles and responsibilities Climate change adaptation technical working group Adapting to sea level rise International forums and agreements New Zealand's international climate chang ...
... How could climate change affect my region? Adapting to climate change About adapting to climate change Roles and responsibilities Climate change adaptation technical working group Adapting to sea level rise International forums and agreements New Zealand's international climate chang ...
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... and the other representing technical and economic conditions predicted for the year 2030. The impact of this climate on crop yields is captured using the EPIC model, and the direct effects of CO2 enrichment based on laboratory experiments are incorporated. Under the worst case scenario, where there ...
... and the other representing technical and economic conditions predicted for the year 2030. The impact of this climate on crop yields is captured using the EPIC model, and the direct effects of CO2 enrichment based on laboratory experiments are incorporated. Under the worst case scenario, where there ...
aapg-san-antonio-peterson
... Models with and without human produced climate forcings reveal: • “Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations” (IPCC 2007). ...
... Models with and without human produced climate forcings reveal: • “Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations” (IPCC 2007). ...
Background papers
... recently passed legislation strictly prohibiting it. Going down this road would put us in the company of Russia which requires service providers to routinely store the weblogs of all their customers. Also, the bulk retention of data makes it more vulnerable – the Joint Committee on the Draft Communi ...
... recently passed legislation strictly prohibiting it. Going down this road would put us in the company of Russia which requires service providers to routinely store the weblogs of all their customers. Also, the bulk retention of data makes it more vulnerable – the Joint Committee on the Draft Communi ...
climate change, sea-level rise and extreme events
... averaged across several global climate models, whilst the broader pale green shading shows the range of projected sea-level rise across all models and emissions scenarios, excluding allowance for changes in land-based ice. The red line indicates the sea level measured by satellite altimeters, which ...
... averaged across several global climate models, whilst the broader pale green shading shows the range of projected sea-level rise across all models and emissions scenarios, excluding allowance for changes in land-based ice. The red line indicates the sea level measured by satellite altimeters, which ...
West Antarctica`s sensitivity to natural and
... record naturally forced progressive as well as abrupt changes. We also show that recent poleward migration of the westerlies coincident with increased emission of greenhouse gases and the Antarctic ozone hole has led to unprecedented penetration, compared with >100,000 years ago, of air masses bring ...
... record naturally forced progressive as well as abrupt changes. We also show that recent poleward migration of the westerlies coincident with increased emission of greenhouse gases and the Antarctic ozone hole has led to unprecedented penetration, compared with >100,000 years ago, of air masses bring ...
Silent but Deadly - Global Justice Now
... digestion process. The scientific name from this process is enteric fermentation but is probably better known as farting. Methane is a greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Fertilisers are also a major source of direct emissions from agriculture. A number of different chemicals ar ...
... digestion process. The scientific name from this process is enteric fermentation but is probably better known as farting. Methane is a greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Fertilisers are also a major source of direct emissions from agriculture. A number of different chemicals ar ...
PDF
... also highly likely to increase in all areas due to higher temperatures. These increases will be larger in regions and seasons in which rainfall decreases. Increases in open water evaporation will affect wetlands and water storages. The combination of generally declining rainfall and increased evapor ...
... also highly likely to increase in all areas due to higher temperatures. These increases will be larger in regions and seasons in which rainfall decreases. Increases in open water evaporation will affect wetlands and water storages. The combination of generally declining rainfall and increased evapor ...
Freshwater biodiversity versus anthropogenic climate
... species, 33% of the 336 crayfish species, 26% of the 243 amphibian species, and 21% of the 1,021 fish species. Of course, causes of this high extinction rate are diverse. For example, non-native species pose a serious threat to indigenous freshwater fauna. European zebra mussels are out-competing nati ...
... species, 33% of the 336 crayfish species, 26% of the 243 amphibian species, and 21% of the 1,021 fish species. Of course, causes of this high extinction rate are diverse. For example, non-native species pose a serious threat to indigenous freshwater fauna. European zebra mussels are out-competing nati ...
BODY PARAGRAPHS
... climate change. But global warming is not only popular or controversial, it is a subject of considerable importance to our nation (and the world) due to the implications of ignoring it, if, as Oreskes argues, human activities are a significant contributing factor. The text is an effective argument b ...
... climate change. But global warming is not only popular or controversial, it is a subject of considerable importance to our nation (and the world) due to the implications of ignoring it, if, as Oreskes argues, human activities are a significant contributing factor. The text is an effective argument b ...
Diapositiva 1
... Frontier 1: Intraseasonal and seasonal predictability and prediction. Identify and understand phenomena that offer some degree of intraseasonal to inter-annual predictability, and skilfully predict these Frontier 2: Decadal variability, predictability and prediction. Identify and understand phen ...
... Frontier 1: Intraseasonal and seasonal predictability and prediction. Identify and understand phenomena that offer some degree of intraseasonal to inter-annual predictability, and skilfully predict these Frontier 2: Decadal variability, predictability and prediction. Identify and understand phen ...
Tropospheric adjustment induces a cloud component in
... The radiative forcing is sometimes defined as global-mean net downward change in radiative flux at the tropopause caused instantaneously when the forcing agent is imposed, but this definition is thought inadequate in the most important cases of • CO2 , since raising the CO2 concentration increases t ...
... The radiative forcing is sometimes defined as global-mean net downward change in radiative flux at the tropopause caused instantaneously when the forcing agent is imposed, but this definition is thought inadequate in the most important cases of • CO2 , since raising the CO2 concentration increases t ...
Research Article Arctic Ocean Gas Hydrate Stability in a Changing Climate
... 26]. Because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate, these changes will also affect the rest of the world [27]. Global climate change is likely amplified in the Arctic by several positive feedbacks, including surface albedo decreased by ice and snow melting, temperature anomalies trapped ...
... 26]. Because the Arctic plays a special role in global climate, these changes will also affect the rest of the world [27]. Global climate change is likely amplified in the Arctic by several positive feedbacks, including surface albedo decreased by ice and snow melting, temperature anomalies trapped ...
Global Increase in Climate-Related Disasters
... Intense climate-related disasters—floods, storms, droughts, and heat waves—have been on the rise worldwide. At the same time and coupled with an increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, temperatures, on average, have been rising, and are becoming more variable and more extreme ...
... Intense climate-related disasters—floods, storms, droughts, and heat waves—have been on the rise worldwide. At the same time and coupled with an increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, temperatures, on average, have been rising, and are becoming more variable and more extreme ...
A history of climate activities
... Figure 1 — The emergence of climate as an international scientific and policy issue: the five major scientific, technological and geopolitical developments on the left converged to inspire UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 1721 (XVI) which triggered the establishment of the WMO World Weather Wat ...
... Figure 1 — The emergence of climate as an international scientific and policy issue: the five major scientific, technological and geopolitical developments on the left converged to inspire UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 1721 (XVI) which triggered the establishment of the WMO World Weather Wat ...
The Challenge of Climate Change Adaptation:
... toward adaptation planning. This section first examines the need for adaptation globally, and then focuses on the situations in the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. Although this section sets the stage for the recommendations in Part III, it should also be useful because up-to-date cros ...
... toward adaptation planning. This section first examines the need for adaptation globally, and then focuses on the situations in the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. Although this section sets the stage for the recommendations in Part III, it should also be useful because up-to-date cros ...
Climate Potential in Spanish regions: analysis and its
... In terms of sunshine duration, Spain is a sunny country. The annual mean relative sunshine duration generally exceeds 50% except in the extreme North, where the typical Ss is around 40%. The August values are even higher than the annual means, and in Southern Spain they reach 75 – 80%. In the last d ...
... In terms of sunshine duration, Spain is a sunny country. The annual mean relative sunshine duration generally exceeds 50% except in the extreme North, where the typical Ss is around 40%. The August values are even higher than the annual means, and in Southern Spain they reach 75 – 80%. In the last d ...
TITLE HEADER
... the least effective public health systems. They suffer 34% of the global human deaths linked to climate change, the largest causes being the spread of malaria and water borne diseases, and this number is expected to rise to 41% by the year 2030. • A 2010 report from the United Nations Conference on ...
... the least effective public health systems. They suffer 34% of the global human deaths linked to climate change, the largest causes being the spread of malaria and water borne diseases, and this number is expected to rise to 41% by the year 2030. • A 2010 report from the United Nations Conference on ...
By the Numbers: Canadian GHG Emissions
... to be a ‘floor’, suggesting that a consultation process with provinces would be launched to design a credible plan for Canada that might lead to an even more ambitious reduction target. In order to assess the cumulative effect of all INDCs received before the Paris Conference, the United Nations Fra ...
... to be a ‘floor’, suggesting that a consultation process with provinces would be launched to design a credible plan for Canada that might lead to an even more ambitious reduction target. In order to assess the cumulative effect of all INDCs received before the Paris Conference, the United Nations Fra ...
AIR POLLUTION CLIMATE CHANGE
... between GHG emissions and air pollutant are sizeable for the commitments discussed for a post-2012 climate agreement. For instance, the set of high pledges for post-2012 GHG mitigation targets in Annex I countries that have been put forward as of June 2009 would imply SO2 emissions declining by almo ...
... between GHG emissions and air pollutant are sizeable for the commitments discussed for a post-2012 climate agreement. For instance, the set of high pledges for post-2012 GHG mitigation targets in Annex I countries that have been put forward as of June 2009 would imply SO2 emissions declining by almo ...
American Behavioral Scientist - Dana R. Fisher
... These conservative organizations and think tanks attack climate change not on ideological grounds but on scientific ones, challenging the very existence of the issue as well as the ethics with which it has been studied. On the other side are those groups that do not challenge the science of the issu ...
... These conservative organizations and think tanks attack climate change not on ideological grounds but on scientific ones, challenging the very existence of the issue as well as the ethics with which it has been studied. On the other side are those groups that do not challenge the science of the issu ...
The Atmospheric Energy Constraint on Global
... increases in response to a uniform temperature increase of the surface and atmosphere, while atmospheric cooling by exchange with the surface decreases because the upward emission of longwave radiation from the surface increases more than the downward longwave radiation from the atmosphere. When a f ...
... increases in response to a uniform temperature increase of the surface and atmosphere, while atmospheric cooling by exchange with the surface decreases because the upward emission of longwave radiation from the surface increases more than the downward longwave radiation from the atmosphere. When a f ...
How to Avoid Dangerous Climate Change
... global average temperature will rise with increasing atmospheric concentrations of heat-trapping gases. There are a number of natural “feedback” mechanisms built into the climate system that can amplify or dampen warming trends, and many of these are not yet fully understood. The likely range of cli ...
... global average temperature will rise with increasing atmospheric concentrations of heat-trapping gases. There are a number of natural “feedback” mechanisms built into the climate system that can amplify or dampen warming trends, and many of these are not yet fully understood. The likely range of cli ...
... development, and overall living conditions. Accurate population figures are extremely difficult to track the result of the emergency, as many residents left to spend varying periods abroad. The best population estimates show a drop from 10,402 in 1994 to 5,600 in 1997. By January 1998, the populatio ...
Mainstreaming Climate Change into National Urban Policies Background Paper
... transformation in human history. Between 1980 and 2010 Asian cities grew by around one billion people and according to projections will grow by another billion by 2040. By 2050, nearly two out of three people in the Asia-Pacific region will live in urban areas. This population growth has gone hand i ...
... transformation in human history. Between 1980 and 2010 Asian cities grew by around one billion people and according to projections will grow by another billion by 2040. By 2050, nearly two out of three people in the Asia-Pacific region will live in urban areas. This population growth has gone hand i ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.